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Comprehensive Viva-voce

Total questions: 48

Worksheet time: 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An allosteric interaction between a ligand and a protein is one in which:


a)

A) binding of a molecule to a binding site affects binding of additional molecules to the same site.


b)

B) binding of a molecule to a binding site affects binding properties of another site on the protein.


c)

C) binding of the ligand to the protein is covalent.


d)

D) multiple molecules of the same ligand can bind to the same binding site.


e)

E) two different ligands can bind to the same binding site.


2.

In hemoglobin, the transition from T state to R state (low to high affinity) is triggered by:


a)

A) Fe2+ binding.


b)

B) heme binding.


c)

C) oxygen binding.


d)

D) subunit association.


e)

E) subunit dissociation.


3.

When a monomers forms a polymer to build repeating units of molecule, the monomers is now called?

(a)  

4.

Which of the following is not a possible value for the number of monosaccharide units

in an oligosaccharide?

a)

12

b)

8

c)

5

d)

6

5.

The hydration reaction in beta oxidation of FA is catalyse by:

a)

hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

b)

enoyl-CoA hydratase

c)

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

d)

carnitine acylcarnitine translocase

6.

Water is considered neutral because it

a)

doesn't release or accept H+ ions

b)

releases all its H+

c)

does not dissolve any acids or bases

7.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

a)

The optimal pH of the enzyme is 6.6.

b)

The optimal pH of the enzyme is 9

c)

The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases from 7 to 9

d)

The enzyme cannot do anything when the pH is 4.

8.

Gram staining is an example of

a)

Acid fast staining

b)

Simple staining

c)

Negative staining

d)

Differential staining

9.

Light gathering capacity of a microscope is

a)

Angular aperture

b)

Numerical aperture

c)

Wavelength

d)

All of the above

10.

protein shells are also known as

a)

Capsid

b)

Nuclei

c)

Cell Envelope

d)

Chemical Machinery

11.

What is the concentration of blood in blood agar?

a)

1-2%

b)

5-10%

c)

20-30%

d)

50-55%

12.

Autocrine signalling happens during ------------------- of T helper cells

a)

MHC II binding with TCR

b)

Synthesis of CD28

c)

Differentiation of T helper

d)

None of the above

13.

Which of the following cells would NOT be found in a germinal center in a lymph node?

a)

dendritic cells

b)

B lymphocytes

c)

plasma cells

d)

monocytes

14.

All cells contain which of the following

a)

Endoplasmic reticulum

b)

plasma membrane

c)

nucleus

d)

mitochondria

15.

What is true about caspases

a)

Caspases are not involved in apoptosis

b)

Caspases cloves protein after cysteine

c)

Only 1 type of caspases is there

d)

Effector caspases need initiator caspases to activate them

16.

What happens here (3rd step)???

a)

nuclear collapse

b)

lysis of apoptotic bodies

c)

chromatin condensation

d)

continued blebbing

17.

The RNA polymerase core enzyme converts into a holoenzyme on the addition of the _________ subunit.

a)

α

b)

β

c)

β’

d)

σ

18.

Which part of the ribosome identifies the Shine – Dalgarno sequence?

a)

Protein

b)

16S rRNA

c)

23S rRNA

d)

5S rRNA

19.

The term molar, which describes a solution's concentration, is written as?

a)

M

b)

mol

c)

g

d)

g/L

20.

These are the mechanism of enzymes, except

a)

Lowering the activation energy

b)

Providing an alternative pathway

c)

Increasing reaction enthropy

d)

Lowering the energy of transition state

21.
synthesizes a short fragment of RNA that allows DNA polymerase III to bind
a)
ligase
b)
DNA polymerase I
c)
primase
d)
helicase
22.
If a DNA molecule is 18% Guanine which of the following is correct
a)
18% cytosine, 32% adenine, 32% thymine
b)
32% cytosine, 18% adenine, 32% thymine
c)
18% cytosine, 64% adenine, 64% thymine
d)
32% cytosine, 32% adenine, 18% thymine
23.

Which of the following sequences of RNA will be transcribed from a hypothetical sequence of DNA given below?

3'-ATGCATGCATGCATGC-5'

5'-TACGTACGTACGTACG-3'

a)

3'-UACGUACGUACGUACG-5'

b)

5'-AUGCAUGCAUGCAUGC-3'

c)

5'-UACGUACGUACGUACG-3'

d)

3'-AUGCAUGCAUGCAUGC-3'

24.

Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon, hence the genetic code is

a)

specific

b)

degenerate

c)

Non-overlapping

d)

unambiguous

25.

In the redox reaction: pyruvate + NADH + H+ ⇋ lactate + NAD+, which reactant is oxidized, and which is reduced?

a)

NADH is reduced and pyruvate is oxidized

b)

Lactate is reduced and pyruvate is oxidized

c)

Lactate is reduced and NAD+ is oxidized

d)

Pyruvate is reduced and NADH is oxidized

26.

Cyanide is a metabolic poison that stops the electron transport chain by directly blocking the actions of

a)

NAD+

b)

NADH dehyrogenase

c)

ATP sythase

d)

Cytochrome oxidase

27.

_____________ are molecules that boost the immune system. They do so by protecting cells from harmful molecules called free radicals.

a)

Antbodies

b)

Surfactants

c)

Anti free radicals

d)

Antioxidants

28.

Which of the following is a growth inhibitor

a)

Auxin

b)

ABA

c)

Cytokinin

d)

Gibberellin

29.

What is Homeostasis ?

a)

is the maintenance of a constant internal environment

b)

is the maintenance of a constant external environment

c)

is the maintenance of a constant living environment

30.

A hormone is

a)

a chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the lymph.

b)

an enzyme produced by a gland and carried by the blood.

c)

a chemical substance produced by an organ and carried by the blood.

d)

a chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the blood.

31.
In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others have many. Which is the role of nucleus in eukaryotes?
a)
Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes. 
b)
Structure that contains DNA and directs the cell 
c)
Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell 
d)
Stack of membranes that packages chemicals
32.

Which of the following is NOT a cell theory........

a)

All cells comes from pre-existing cells

b)

All non-living things are made of cells

c)

Cells are basic unit of structure and function of all living things

d)

All of the above

33.

Identify this large nucleated blood cell type

a)

Macrophage

b)

Lymphocyte

c)

Neutrophil

d)

RBC

34.

In an experiment, bacteria are introduced into human blood. It is observed that the complement system is activated and the bacterial cells are killed. Which of the following complement components generated by complement activation will most likely bind to bacteria and lead to either opsonization or phagocytosis?

a)

C3b

b)

C5a

c)

C2

d)

C4

35.

NK cells recognise and kill

a)

Normal host cells

b)

Cells with increased expression of MHC-I molecules

c)

Cells with decreased expression of MHC-I molecule

d)

Intracellular pathogens

36.

Which of the following structures is responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Golgi Apparatus

c)

Ribosome

d)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

37.

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Cell division

b)

Protein synthesis

c)

Energy production

d)

Photosynthesis

38.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?

a)

Multiple linear chromosomes

b)

Presence of a nucleus

c)

Membrane-bound organelles

d)

Peptidoglycan cell wall

39.
An application of using DNA technology to help environmental scientists would be ___.
a)
use PCR to analyze DNA at a crime scene
b)
create a tobacco plant that glows in the dark
c)
clone the gene for human growth hormone to treat pituitary dwarfism
d)
make transgenic bacteria that can be used to clean up oil spills more quickly than do the natural bacteria
40.
Recombinant DNA are currently used to produce____.
a)
clothing dye, cheese, and laundry products
b)
human antibiotics and vaccines
c)
crops that taste better and stay fresh longer
d)
all of these
41.
The Human Genome Project has made diagnosing genetic disorders easier.Once a genetic disorder is diagnosed, ____ can be used as a possible treatment.
a)
cell cultures
b)
gene therapy
c)
DNA fingerprinting
d)
PCR
42.
A ____ is a small ring of DNA found in a bacterial cell.
a)
virus
b)
plasmid
c)
gene bullet
d)
PCR
43.
The entire collection of genes within human cells is referred to as the ______.
a)
human genome
b)
karyotype
c)
pedigree
d)
gene map
44.

Why the properties of nanomaterials are different significantly compared to bulk materials?

a)

Increase relative surface area

b)

Decreased relative surface area

c)

Increased lattice parameters

d)

Lower down the melting temperature

45.

The sole of a gecko's foot has millions of nanoscale hairs that help it grip to almost any surface.

Using nature as inspiration, what would be a similar concept?

a)
b)
c)
d)
46.
Who first used the term nanotechnology and when?
a)
Richard Feynman, 1959
b)
Norio Taniguchi, 1974
c)
Eric Drexler, 1986
d)
Sumio Iijima, 1991
47.

What is a nanoparticle?

a)

A particle that is 1 -10 nanometres (nm) in diameter.

b)

A particle that is 1 -100 nanometres (nm) in diameter.

c)

A particle that is 10 -100 nanometres (nm) in diameter.

d)

A particle that is 1 -1000 nanometres (nm) in diameter.

48.

What are the two Basic Approaches to Nanomanufacturing?

a)

CLUSTER & ATOMS

b)

ATOMIC SCALE & MOLECULAR SCALE

c)

TOPDOWN & BOTTOM UP

d)

BULK & FRAGMENTS

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