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WorksheetsCRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH PRE BOARD 2026
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 59mins
What is NOT a quality of an armchair scientist aside from a critical thinker?
A laboratory practitioner
A critical thinker
An essayist
A good narrator
What is NOT hypothesis below?
A series of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately to control some class of events
An explanation that accounts for a set of facts and that can be tested by further investigation.
Something that is taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation.
A statement of what is deemed possibly true, assumed and reasoned upon as if certainly true, with a view of reaching truth not yet surely known.
What Research is undertaken for the sake of advancing scientific knowledge?
Pure
Applied
Primary
Secondary
What is this scientific research or inquiry that is designed and carried out with practical applications in mind?
Applied
Primary
Secondary
Pure
What Research is characterized by original and direct investigation of a phenomenon or events?
Primary
Secondary
Pure
Applied
Which among the following does not correspond to the definition of research?
A practical study or inquiry of something for the purpose of answering questions posed by the inquirers;
Is an attempt to gain solutions to problems. More precisely, it is the collection of data in a rigorously controlled situation for the purpose of prediction or explanation;
Is a purposive, systematic, and scientific process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, organizing, presenting, and interpreting data for the solution of a problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and improvement of the quality of human life.
Is a studied inquiry or examination having for its aim, the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation; the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the lights of the newly discovered facts or the practical application of such conclusions, theories, or laws..
What is NOT the main or principal purpose of research?
For compliance and curiosity
To satisfy the cravings of man on seeking new knowledge
Preservation of human life
Improvement of the quality of life of man
Research is important because of the following EXCEPT what?
It makes one powerful and prominent
It relieves the society from social problems
It alleviates man from suffering diseases and illnesses
It makes the work of man easier and faster
What words below do NOT correspond to scientific methods?
Practical
Objectivity
Accurate
Systematic
A qualitative research method answers which of questions in fact findings.
How and why
What and where
Who and when
Where and when
Which of the term below justifies this statement that research is scientific because it characterizes statistics or quantifications of the incidence or events being subjected to research?
Precise
Systematic
Objectivity
Accurate
You are conducting research systematically, which then below characterizes that what you are doing is systematic?
Series of steps and stages
Eliminations of factors affecting the study is ensured
It link random observation and occurrence
Deliberate documentations and observations
Action research comprises of the following elements, EXCEPT what?
It establishes general principles
Identify/solve problems in the local setting
Same feature of applied research
No intention of generalizing the results
Empiricism refers to what?
Knowledge acquired by observation and experience
Knowledge is acquired by logic
Knowledge that is constantly evolving following the scientific method
Part of the scientific methods
Which of the following is NOT a reason why we acknowledge other people's work?
It allows us to take credit for what others have written.
It provides little chance to incur in plagiarism.
It helps readers to locate and retrieve the specific resources, and enhance their study in the subject matter.
It adds reliability and consistency to your research.
In APA, this is called basically a page header at the top of every page, what is this?
Running heads
Citations
Bibliography
Abstract
You are a researcher and you are required to prepare a summary of a scholarly article or scientific study. Scholarly articles and studies are rather lengthy documents, this summary will allow readers to first determine if they’d like to read an article in its entirety or not. You call this summary in research as what?
Abstract
Citations
Bibliography
Table of contents
You are presenting a tables or figures in your research work, what is the correct appearance of your title in APA style?
Left-aligned and italicized
Left-aligned and bolded
Centered and italicized
Right-aligned and italicized
How will you present you tables or figures number in APA style?
Table number is left-aligned and bolded
Table number is centered and italicized
Table number is right-aligned and italicized
Table number is left-aligned and italicized
You are incorporating and mentioning a published or unpublished source that you consulted and obtained information from while writing your research paper, what you are doing is incorporation what?
Citation
Reference
Bibliography
Annotations
If there are three or more authors listed in the source entry, then the parenthetical reference can abbreviated with the Latin abbreviation for “and others”, and what is that below?
et al.
etcetera
e.g.
ibid.
APA formatting number rules to keep in mind are as follows, which one is NOT?
If plurals apostrophe “s” must be included
Always include a zero before a decimal point
Keep Roman numerals as is. Do not translate them into Arabic numerals.
If you’re including plurals, do not include an apostrophe
If an abbreviation is featured in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary what should you do?
it is not necessary to spell it out
it is necessary to spell it out
spell out only the first letter into words
place period for each letter in the abbreviation
For verbs in scientific papers, the APA manual recommends using the following, which one is NOT?
Present tense for the explanation of the results
Past tense or present perfect tense for the explanation of the procedure
Past tense for the explanation of the results
Present tense for the explanation of the conclusion and future implications
What below describes bibliography in research writings?
A list of resources you used for research
A research paper or project
A list of books in a library
A short description of the research
What is not true about APA bibliographies?
All citations are bolded to emphasize their abattoir
Sources are listed alphabetically
Reference includes the resources added to the cited text
Left margin is used
Respect of person is characterized by which statement below?
The participants need to consent to every part of the research
No harm needs to be done to the participants
Consent is important only in some forms of research not all
Participants need to have equal chance of benefitting from the result
Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle of research?
Deception
No harm
Informed consent
Confidentiality and anonymity
Most of your respondents are illiterate, and yet they are willing to participate in your research through survey even without knowing your purpose. Which among the list is NOT desirable?
Go on with the research, anyway, they are willing and inform consent had been secure
The need for the participants to know your purpose is essential
Informed consent does not necessary means they know the intent of your research and the need to explain it is essential
Never proceed with the gathering of data if all parties involved in the research never know your purpose
Criminologically, if treatment and rehabilitation requires physiological and medical implications during the interventions in the laboratory research with the aid of medical practitioner, what below should NOT be considered?
Even harm or side-effects are imminent, you should not worry on this, anyway these are all beneficial to them.
The recipient of the treatment must know the consequence of the research
Never use such treatment on human if not yet tested with accuracy to other biological beings
The use of such treatment must be absolutely avoided because of the possible unknown implications
It describes phenomena in words instead of numbers on measures. Conditions are studied in their natural setting. The ethnographic study is an example of this.
Qualitative research
Quantitative research
Explorative research
Mixed methods research
Your research is original work; which one is out your endeavor?
Historical
Explorative
Experimental
Descriptive
At the end of your research, the idea that simpler explanations should be preferred over more complex explanations describes which concept?
Parsimony
Testability
Accuracy
Precision
As a researcher, what will be your requirement so that you have more confidence in your work especially you are working for theory building?
Data
Literature review
Reference
Hypothesis
How do you call such procedure of collecting, measuring and analyzing accurate insights for research using standard validated techniques?
Data collection
Research design
Measurement
Analysis
) Which below refers to the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher?
Research design
Measurement
Analysis
Data collection
When you are working to determine relationships; effects and causes; it places a high value on outcomes and products w/c can be measured objectively, what you are doing is what?
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
You are now on the process of observing and recording the observations that are collected as part of a research effort and this is referring to what?
Measurement
Analysis
Data collection
Methodology
1. The word “research” originated from the old French word “recerchier”. Which of the following is the meaning of this word?
a. to search and search again
a. to define and study
a. to know and understand
a. to find and comprehend
1. Which is the scientific approach of solving a problem or generating new knowledge through a systematic and orderly collection, organization, and analysis of information?
a. Research
a. Survey
a. System
a. Experiment
1. Which of the following is the principal objective or purpose of research in any field of inquiry?
a. To add to what is known about the phenomenon under investigation through the application of scientific methods.
a. To follow a specific plan of procedure to test the viability of sample responses.
a. To collect and interpret data in attempting to resolve the problem that was initiated.
a. To identify and retrieve information necessary to support legal decision-making.
1. Which is the process of identifying and retrieving information necessary to support legal decision-making?
a. Legal research
a. Explorative studies
a. Experimental research
a. Descriptive research
1. Which is the objective of explorative studies?
a. Discover future research tasks
a. Determine the correlation of variables
a. Determine the solutions to problems
Determine the feasibility of an undertaking
1. Which of the following is an explanatory study that goes beyond description and attempts to establish cause and effect relationship between variables?
a. Causal exploration
a. Prediction
a. Ethnography
a. Historical research
1. Which of the following is the pursuit of truth as determined by logical considerations?
a. Scientific method
a. Research
a. Methodology
a. Experiment
1. Select the classification of research where the solution to the research problem has no apparent applications to any existing practical problem but only of the scholarly interests of a community of a researcher.
a. Basic
a. Evaluative
a. Applied
a. Historical
1. Which classification of research aims at finding a practical solution for an immediate problem of society while making optimal use of available resources?
a. Applied
a. Evaluative
a. Basic
a. Historical
1. Which classification of research utilizes historical sources like documents, artifacts, etc. to study events or ideas of the past, including the philosophy of persons and groups at any remote point of time?
a. Historical
a. Evaluative
a. Basic
a. Historical
1. Which of the following deals with collecting data and testing hypotheses or answering questions concerning the current status of the subject of study?
a. Descriptive
Evaluative
a. Basic
a. Historical
1. A systematic review uses all the existing research in order to deliver a summary of all the available primary research which are related to a research question. Which is NOT a part of the three (3) basic operations in systematic research?
a. Data verification
a. Data collection
a. Data analysis
a. Report writing
1. Research is systematic because it follows certain logical steps. Which of the following is NOT a step in conducting a research?
a. submitting a copy of the research output to the National Library
a. understanding the nature of problem to be studied
a. reviewing related literature
a. analyzing data appropriate to the problem
1. Research has eight (8) distinct characteristics. Which is NOT a characteristic of research?
a. requires payment for survey participants
a. starts with a question or problem
a. follows a specific plan of procedure
a. accepts certain critical assumptions
1. Research allows the researcher to make an informed observation or conclusion regarding the research topic. The following are purposes of research, EXCEPT ____.
a. identification
a. exploration
a. description
a. causal explanation
1. The scientific method in research seeks to attain the truth by utilizing logical considerations. Which of the following is NOT a proposition of the scientific method?
a. it uses subjective considerations
a. it relies on empirical evidence
a. it presupposes ethical neutrality
a. it utilizes relevant concepts
1. PCpl Joe wanted to conduct a science-based research regarding the difference of an 8-hour workday and a 24-hour workday with a whole day off after. Joe has to remember that the general approach to non-scientific method to knowledge is intuitive while the scientific method uses _____________.
a. empirical method
a. causal method
a. ambiguous method
a. critical method
1. John wanted to submit an excellent research paper for his Master’s degree. Which is NOT a criterion of a good research?
a. A research is designed to confirm the preconceived conclusion of the researcher.
a. A research design should be crafted to yield results that are as objective as possible.
a. Research procedures used should be sufficiently detailed to permit peer review.
a. The analysis of data should be done with complete candor.
1. Documentation systems are tools by which one author acknowledges the work of another author. Which of the following documentation system is used primarily in the social and other natural that emphasizes the authors and publication date of a source?
a. American Psychological Association
a. Modern Language Association
a. Chicago Manual of Style
a. Purdue University Online Writing Lab
1. The American Psychological Association (APA) format is the style of documentation of sources used by the American Psychological Association. Which of the following is NOT an American Psychological Association format?
a. legal size document
a. default margin of one (1) inch on all sides of documents
a. a page number in the upper-right hand corner of every page
a. double spacing
1. A research output is the presentation of the author's own work that includes the methods, analysis of results, and conclusions. The following are formats used in drafting the author’s information, in consonance with the American Psychological Association, EXCEPT _______.
a. font in italics
a. centered
a. bold letters
a. double-spaced
1. A paragraph is defined as a group of sentences that deals with one point and begins on a new usually indented line. Which of the following is the format of the paragraph when using the American Psychological Association?
a. left-justified
a. right-justified
a. justified
a. centered
1. Referencing puts the author’s work in its proper setting, shows the breadth and depth of the output, and acknowledges the work of other authors. Which of the following is NOT a guideline when drafting the References?
a. entries enclosed in parentheses
a. centered
a. bold letters
a. entries with hanging indent
1. References allow the author to acknowledge the contribution of other writers and researchers in his/her output, hence, avoiding plagiarism. Which of the following is NOT a guide in determining what format to follow in drafting the references?
a. Who is the publisher of this work?
a. Who is responsible for this work?
a. Where can this work be retrieved?
a. When was the work published?
1. An intended audience refers to the group of people that the writer expects to read and interact with his/her work. Who is the person responsible for creating or writing a written work?
a. Author
a. Publisher
a. Editor
a. Copyright owner
1. The uniform resource identifier (URI) provides a universally unique identification of a resource material while the uniform resource locator (URL) describes how to locate this material. Which rule do researchers have to follow when using Uniform Resource Locator (URLs) in references?
a. Present as hyperlinks
a. Cite the authors
a. Cite the source
a. Include the phrase “Retrieved from”
1. Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are used to give each electronic or digital item a unique and persistent identifier. Which is the rule when citing a book with Digital Object Identifier (DOIs) as reference?
a. Cite the DOI after the title of the book
a. Cite the DOI before the author
a. Cite the DOI after the year of publication
a. Cite the DOI before the title of the book
1. Uniform Resource Locator refers to a reference to a web resource that identifies its location on a computer network and provides a mechanism for its retrieval while the Digital Object Identifier is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to an online document. Which rule has to be followed when citing an article where both the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) are given?
a. Use the DOI
a. Use the URL
a. Use both
a. Use the author’s name
1. A documentation style is a standard approach to the citation of sources that the author has quoted from. What does the American Psychological Association documentation style emphasized as compared to other documentation styles?
a. The date the work was published
a. The author of the work
a. The publisher of the work
a. The peer review done on the work
1. A paragraph is a group of sentences that are related to each other. Which refers to a short paragraph, usually consisting of 250-500 words, that summarizes the author’s work?
a. Abstract
a. Header
a. Footnote
a. Citation
1. An abstract is a concise summary of an author’s work. Which is NOT a format of an abstract?
a. The page should be single spaced.
a. Abstracts should appear on the second page.
a. The first line of the page should be the word “Abstract” centered and in bold letters.
a. The text of the abstract should begin on the next line and should not be indented.
1. The abstract help to communicate the author’s key findings to those who don’t have time to read the whole paper. Which of the following is NOT included in an abstract?
a. biography of the author
a. a brief statement of the topic
a. research question
a. data sources
1. A good abstract must be precise and on point. As a general rule, when should the author write the abstract?
a. After the author has written the rest of the paper
a. Before the author has written the paper
a. After the author has finished the analysis of data
a. Before the author has determined the recommendations
1. All the sources the author used when writing the paper must be documented. Which of the following sources need NOT be cited in the paper?
a. Ideas of the author
a. Direct quotations
a. Summaries of ideas from other sources
a. Data from someone’s research
1. In-text citations identify the source of information and they correspond to a full reference entry at the end of your author’s work. Which is the basic format for an in-text citation?
a. Last Name, year for paraphrased information
a. First Name, Last Name, page number for direct quotations
a. Last Name, page number for paraphrased information
First Name, Last Name for direct quotations
1. The American Psychological Association (APA) style has important rules on using the name of the author as part of the author-date system. Which is the rule in citing an author whose name is NOT mentioned in the sentence?
a. place the author and year within parentheses at the end of a sentence
a. place the author and year within parentheses at the start of a sentence
a. place the author and year within parentheses at the middle of a sentence
a. place the author and year without parentheses at the end of a sentence
1. Direct plagiarism is the taking of another author’s ideas word for word without acknowledging the author. Which rule should be followed in citing an author whose name is mentioned in the sentence?
place only the year within parentheses
place the author and year within parentheses at the end of a sentence
place the author and year within parentheses at the middle of a sentence
place only the author within parentheses
1. Narrative citations are the preferred method of citing quotes when using the American Psychological Association (APA) format. Which of the following is called “narrative citation” by the APA?
a. Integrate both the author and year into the sentence
a. Integrate only the author into the sentence
a. Integrate only the year into the sentence
a. Integrate only the year into the sentence
1. The Reference also lists entries when there are multiple authors. Which rule should be observed for in-text citations when writing the names of two (2) authors in the text?
a. Use the word “and” between the last two names
a. Use the letter “&” between the last two names
a. Use the word “et.al.” between the last two names
a. Use word “etc.” between the last two names
1. Research resources are materials or places where the author can gather relevant materials for his/her output. Which rule should be followed when writing in-text citations that include more than one source?
a. Include them all in the parenthetical citation in alphabetical order
a. Include them all in the order they were used in the text
a. Separate the different sources
a. Separate the sources according to the year they were published
1. A numeral is a figure used to express a number. Which of the following is a rule in writing numerals in a document when using the American Psychological Association format?
a. Numerals under 10 should be spelled out
a. 10 and above should be followed by a close parenthesis
a. 10 and below must be expressed as Roman numerals
a. Numerals should be followed by a period
1. A citation is a reference to a source whether published or unpublished. Which is an in-text citation with the author’s name and the date of publication in alphabetical reference list with the full information about the source?
a. Author-date citation
a. Numerical citations
a. Note citations
a. Scientific citations
