output is sent by the ____ to the ____ system

(a)  

neurons receive sensory input from receptors or other neurons at the (a)  

sensory output in the form of ___ ___ travels down the ___ of the neurons

(a)  

(a)   neurons are activated by stimulation of receptors in the eye, ear, skin, which sends this information to other neurons in the brain

(a)   neurons carry information from neurons in the brain and connect to muscles, triggering movement in the body

most neurons in the nervous system are (a)   which send and recieve signals to other neurons from other neurons

classification of neurons based on location specifies whether they are found in the _____ or ____

(a)  

classified based on flow of information, (a)   neurons carry sensory information from receptors to the CNS

classified based on flow of information, (a)   neurons carry information away from the CNS to the periphery

activities of neurons are fueled by ___ which is produced in the ___ by ___

(a)  

the bones of the neuron that help the cell maintain and change its shape

(a)  

these cells aren't excitable (don't perform signaling functions) but instead provide structural support (scaffolding framework) and metabolic support to neurons

(a)  

the two kinds of glial cells are ____ and ____

(a)  

these cells are considered to be a part of the immune system, they are recruited to the site of injury or disease to clean up the nervous system through phagocytosis

(a)  

the three kinds of macroglia are ____ ___ and ___

(a)  

star shaped cells that protect and metabolically support signaling neurons in CNS which regulate potassium in the extracellular fluid and are directly involved in the creation of the blood-brain barrier

(a)  

Cations​ (a)   ​ (b)   ​ (c)  

the tendency of ions to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration along a concentration gradient so that ions are uniformly distributed

(a)  

the balancing point for the movement of ions along the concentration and voltage gradients, positive ions move from a high concentration inside the cell to less concentrated areas outside the cell, as the outside becomes positive, the positive ions are repelled

(a)  

each ion has its own equilibrium potential reflecting its concentration inside and outside the cell which can be calculated and expressed as a volage using the (a)  

this equation takes into account relative permeability by calculating the individual ions independently, the membrane is permeable to different ions/ different degrees

(a)  

rapid ____ of the cell leads to positive voltage across the membrane, and then the neuron ___ returning to its resting potential

(a)  

a molecule that can be tied or bind to something, molecules that affect postsynaptic processes and can be internally (endogenous) or externally (exogenous) produced

(a)  

the combined effect of multiple inputs on a neuron

(a)  

After an action potential is produced there is a time interval during which the neuron cannot fire again, regardless of how intensely it is stimulated, what is the time interval called?

(a)  

During an action potential, after the cell is repolarized, the cell is in a state of (a)   and is ready to fire an action potential again once it is activated

sodium ions are more concentrated ___ the cell and potassium ions are more concentrated ___ the cell

(a)  

electrotonic conduction travels more quickly down fat axons which are wrapped with ___ that is created by ____ cells

(a)  

in anterograde transport, proteins are transported from the ____ of the cell to the ___ and in retrograde transport proteins are transported from the _____ to the ____

(a)  

the two kinds of synapses are ____ synapses and ____ synapses

(a)  

this kind of synapse connects an axon to a dendrite

(a)  

this kind of synapse connects an axon to a cellbody

(a)  

this kind of synapse connects an axon to another axon

(a)  

synaptic vesicle fuses with presynaptic cell membrane allowing neurotransmitter to spill out into synaptic cleft

(a)  

Positively charged ions are permitted to cross the membrane, depolarizing the membrane making it more likely for the postsynaptic cell to generate its own action potential

(a)  

negatively charged ions are permitted to cross the membrane, hyperpolarizing the membrane, making it less likely for the postsynaptic cell to generate its own action potential

(a)  

(a)   channels open when a neurotransmitter binds with a receptor on the postsynaptic neuron

(a)   channels open and allow ions to cross membrane when voltage reaches a particular level

when receptors slowly lose responsiveness to an agonist when it is continuously present for a while

(a)  

these bind to the receptor and activate it biologically

(a)  

these bind to a site other than that used by agonists and antagonists, their binding results in improved or stronger binding of an agonist/antagonist

(a)