a character whose traits are in contrast to the principal character; highlights the traits of the protagonist

wording that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary conversation; use of familiar words or phrases

a startling or unusual metaphor or one developed over several lines (extended metaphor)

figure of speech that directly addresses an absent person, an object, or an abstraction

a saying or proverb embodying a piece of common wisdom based on experience; often couched in metaphorical language