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Unit 1 and 2 Review

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This modern approach to psychology focuses on how the brain and body enable sensation and emotions.

a)

Behavioral

b)

Biological

c)

Cognitive

d)

Psychodynamic

2.

The benefit of this descriptive research is that it allows researchers to view naturally occurring behaviors without controlling the situation.

a)

Natural observation

b)

Survey

c)

Case Study

d)

Correlation

3.

This early approach used introspection to determine the underlying structures of the mind.

a)

Biological

b)

Functionalism

c)

Structuralism

d)

Cognitive

4.

The variable manipulated by the researcher is the

a)

Dependent Variable

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Confounding Variable

d)

Correlational variable

5.

This is an example of

a)

Positive Skew

b)

Negative Skew

c)

Positive Correlation

d)

Negative Correlation

6.

This early approach to psychology focused on the need to analyze the purpose of behavior rather than the structure of it.

a)

Functionalism

b)

Structuralism

c)

Psychoanalytic

d)

Behavioral

7.

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution is known as the

a)

Range

b)

Mean

c)

Median

d)

Mode

8.

A sample that represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion is known as

a)

Random sample

b)

Random assignment

c)

Random variable

d)

Random blind study

9.

This is an example of a

a)

Positive skew

b)

Negative skew

c)

Positive Correlation

d)

Negative Correlation

10.

If the findings of the research showed that the difference between the experimental and control group was relatively large, it would be said that it is

a)

randomized

b)

had confounding variables

c)

statistically significant

d)

had a standard deviation

11.

The ethical guideline for research in which participants must agree to be a part of the study is known as

a)

Informed consent

b)

Confidentiality

c)

Free from harm

d)

Debriefing

12.

In an experiment, the variable that changes in response to independent variable is known as

a)

Independent variable

b)

Dependent variable

c)

Changing variable

d)

Control variable

13.

The middle score in a distribution, half scores are above it and half are below it, is known as what?

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Mean

c)

Mode

d)

Median

14.

In an experiment, the group with independent variable is known as what?

a)

Single blind Group

b)

Control Group

c)

Experimental Group

d)

The effect

15.

The names of the participants in a research experiment must be kept secret is an ethical guideline known as

a)

Debriefing

b)

Free from harm

c)

Informed Consent

d)

Confidentiality

16.

This modern approach to psychology is most interested in how we learn to fear certain things and how to change that.

a)

Behavioral

b)

Biological

c)

Cognitive

d)

Evolutionary

17.

Average of a distribution, obtained by adding scores and dividing by number of scores is known as the

a)

Mode

b)

Median

c)

Mean

d)

Range

18.

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research experiment is known as

a)

replication

b)

operational definition

c)

hypothesis

d)

standardization

19.

This is an example of what

a)

Positive correlation

b)

Negative correlation

c)

Negative skew

d)

Positive skew

20.

The measure of how much scores vary around the mean is known as the

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Scatter plot

c)

Median

d)

Range

21.

The group in an experiment that does not have the independent variable is known as what?

a)

Double blind group

b)

Outlier

c)

Experimental group

d)

Control group

22.

Repeating a research study, using different participants to see if findings extended to other people and situations is known as what

a)

Random assignment

b)

Operational definition

c)

Replication

d)

Control group

23.
The condition that exists when the probability that the findings are not due to chance
a)
statistical significance
b)
experimenter bias
c)
confounding variables
24.
"Monday Morning Quarterback" rarely act surprised about the outcome of the weekend football games.  This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which psychological principle?
a)
Overconfidence
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Intuition
d)
Illusory Correlation
25.
Which of the following demonstrates the need for psychological science?
a)
Psychology's methods are unlike those of any other science
b)
Psychological experiments are less valuable without psychological science
c)
Out intuitions about human thinking and behavior are not always accurate
d)
Intuitions does not provide correct answers unless it is applied through the scientific method
26.
Which of the following is a potential problem for a case study?
a)
They provide too much detail and the researcher is likely to lose track of the most important facts.
b)
They are generally  too expensive to economical
c)
They may be misleading because they don't fairly represent other cases
d)
The dependent variable is difficult to operationally define in a case study
27.
A testable prediction is called (a/an):
a)
operational definition
b)
theory
c)
replication
d)
hypothesis
28.
Mary watches several different species of birds to discover how they feed their young in their habitat, without being intrusive. This would be an example of what type of study?
a)
Case study
b)
Naturalistic observation
c)
Survey
d)
Experiment
29.
All those in a group being studied is referred to as the...
a)
Random sample
b)
Representative sample
c)
Population
d)
Sampling bias
30.
When people have the tendency to think they know more than they do
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
31.
What are the 3 most important traits for a psychologist?
a)
Curiosity, skepticism, and humility
b)
Intelligence, humility, humor
c)
Curiosity, ignorance, organized
d)
Smart, nice, skeptical
32.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
33.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
34.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it yields a great deal of detailed descriptive information and they are very useful in forming a hypothesis
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
35.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that the data is limited to only answering the question(s) asked. These limitations lead to biases, ambiguous conclusions, and low participation rates among research populations.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
36.

Which of the following methods best limits the influence of unknown variables in an experiment?

a)

Random assignment

b)

Debriefing

c)

Stratified Sampling

d)

Subject matching

e)

Correlational study

37.

Which of the following measures can be precisely located on the graph of a skewed distribution without doing any calculations?

a)

Mode

b)

Median

c)

Mean

d)

Standard deviation

e)

Variance

38.

It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when...

a)

They want to ensure that conditions are assigned randomly

b)

They want to be able to replicate the experiment

c)

They want to organize the hypothesis appropriately

d)

They are conducting experimental research but not correlational research

e)

They are conducting an experiment with no independent and dependent variables

39.

Research particpants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words, and the third group hears and reads the words. The researcher then tests the participants' memories to see how many words the members of each group can recall. The way the words are presented is which type of variable?

a)

Confounding

b)

Dependent

c)

Independent

d)

Extraneous

e)

Control

40.

Researchers find that there is a significant, positive correlation between the number of hours students sleep and their grades. The researchers would be justified in concluding that...

a)

Earning good grades causes people to sleep more

b)

Sleeping more causes students to perform better in school

c)

Students who earn good grades tend to sleep more than those who do not

d)

More sleep has a beneficial impact on school performance

41.

A researcher surveyed social adjustment in the same group of 20 people from early childhood through adulthood. In this example, the group of 20 people surveyed was the study's...

a)

Sample

b)

Population

c)

Operational definition

d)

Control group

e)

Randomization

42.

Which procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher?

a)

Debriefing

b)

Random sampling

c)

Random assignment

d)

Using only single-blind studies

e)

Using only double-blind studies

43.

Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college GPA. Which of the following best describes this relationship?

a)

A bimodal distribution

b)

A normal distribution

c)

A skewed distribution

d)

A positive correlation

e)

A negative correlation

44.
Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable. 
a)
control group
b)
population
c)
confounding variables
45.
The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
confounding variable
46.
The subgroup of the population that participates in the study
a)
sample
b)
assignment
c)
group
47.
A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results. 
a)
placebo
b)
case study
c)
experimenter bias
48.
A psychological or physical treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but that contains no active ingredient. 
a)
independent variable
b)
placebo
c)
dependent variable
49.
Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.
a)
single blind study
b)
case study
c)
double blind study
50.
The extent to which an instrument measure what it is supposed to measure.
a)
reliability
b)
validity
c)
standardized
51.
Research design in which participants don't know whether they are in experimental or control group.
a)
double blind
b)
naturalistic observation
c)
single blind
52.
The behavior or mental process that is measured in an experiment (the effect)
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
random sample
53.

Which perspective thinks the unconscious mind influences everything we do?

a)

Biological

b)

Behavioral

c)

Cognitive

d)

Psychodynamic

54.

If a child is behaving poorly, it is likely because this behavior has been rewarded somehow.

a)

Sociocultural

b)

Behavioral

c)

Biological

d)

Psychodynamic

55.

Which perspective suggests that an imbalance of hormones can contribute to aggressive behavior?

a)

Biological

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Humanistic

d)

Cognitive

56.

Which perspective would agree with the following: "Change your thoughts, change your life"?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Cognitive

c)

Biological

d)

Psychodynamic

57.

What famous psychologist is credited with opening the first ever psychology laboratory?

a)

Sigmund Freud

b)

Wilhelm Wundt

c)

John Watson

d)

B. F. Skinner

58.
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Abraham Maslow
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
B.F. Skinner
59.
Which perspective studies learning and how rewards and punishments influence how humans and animals act (observable responses)?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Humanism
d)
Evolutionary
60.
Which psychological perspective focuses on how we think about information?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behavioral
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Psychodynamic
61.
Who developed the theory of "Functionalism?"
a)
Wundt
b)
Titchener
c)
Freud
d)
James
62.
Of the following, who was a behaviorist?
a)
B. F Skinner
b)
 John Watson
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
William James
63.
Having the patient be self-reflective (looking inward), and training them to report elements of their experience.  
a)
structuralism
b)
introspection
c)
functionalism
d)
psychometrics
64.
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of 
a)
childhood memories.
b)
unconscious thoughts. 
c)
healthy growth potential.
d)
punishment and reinforcement.
65.
A psychologist that uses ethnicity, gender, culture and socioeconomic status influence our behavior. 
a)
behaviorist
b)
humanist
c)
socio-cultural psychology
d)
psychoanalyst
66.
Which psychological perspective focuses on optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive?
a)
Evolutionary
b)
Humanistic
c)
Positive Psychology
d)
Psychodynamic
67.

Evaluate and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

developmental psychologist

d)

personality psychologist

68.

They help people adapt to change or make changes in their lifestyle.

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

school psychologist

d)

educational psychologist

69.

They study psychological growth & development throughout the lifespan.

a)

forensic psychologist

b)

developmental psychologist

c)

rehabilitation psychologist

d)

social psychologist

70.

They focus on traits, attitudes, and goals of the individual.

a)

forensic psychologist

b)

school psychologist

c)

personality psychologist

d)

social psychologist

71.

____________ refers to biological/genetic predispositions' impact on human traits

a)

nature

b)

nurture

72.

Estimate the correlation coefficient for this scatterplot.

a)

A) r = 1.2

b)

B) r = 0.89

c)

C)r = 0

d)

D) r = -0.89

73.

Describe the correlation in the graph shown.

a)

A) Strong Negative

b)

B) Strong Positive

c)

C) Weak Negative

d)

D) No Correlation

74.

Estimate the correlation coefficient for this scatterplot.

a)

A) r = -0.9

b)

B) r = 1

c)

C) r = 0.9

d)

D) r = -1

75.

Describe the relationship between the variables.

a)

A) Weak negative correlation

b)

B) Moderate negative correlation

c)

C) Moderate positive correlation

d)

D) Strong negative correlation

76.

What type of correlation does this graph show?

a)

A) Positive

b)

B) negative

c)

C) none

d)

D) all of the above

77.

What type of correlation (association)?

The outside temperature and the amount of layers you wear.

a)

A) Positive correlation

b)

B) Negative correlation

c)

D) No correlation

78.

As x increases, y decreases.

a)

A) no correlation

b)

B) negative correlation

c)

C) correlation coefficient

d)

D) positive correlation

79.

As x increases, y increases

a)

A) correlation coefficient

b)

B) causation

c)

C) positive correlation

d)

D) negative correlation

80.

The scatter plot below shows the number of books read by students in Mrs. Hall’s English class and their final grades. Which statement represents the best description about the line of best fit?

a)

A) The more books students read, the lower their English grade.

b)

B) The more books students read, the higher their English grade.

c)

C) The fewer books students read, the higher their English grade.

d)

D) No relationship exists between the number of books students read and their English grades.

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