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Psychology Chapter 2

Total questions: 68

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Define Naturalistic observation

a)

research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering

b)

a change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment

c)

an arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs

d)

an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

2.

Case study is

a)

the small group of participants, out of the total number available, that a researcher studies

b)

describes the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables

c)

research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants

d)

numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance

3.

longitudinal study

a)

an educated guess about the relationship between two variables

b)

an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

c)

research method in which data are collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development

d)

the group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied

4.

what is a cross sectional study

a)

research method in which data are collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development

b)

the group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied

c)

the measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data

d)

research method in which data are collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age

5.

an educated guess about the relationship between two variables

a)

variable

b)

placebo effect

c)

hypothesis

d)

statistics

6.

single-blind experiment is

a)

a graph of frequency distribution shaped like a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve; a graph of normal distribution data

b)

an experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment

c)

a change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment

d)

an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

7.

experimental group

a)

the group to which the independent variable is applied

b)

the group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied

c)

a situation in which a researcher's expectations influence that person's own behavior, and thereby influence the participant's behavior

d)

an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

8.

self-fulfilling prophecy

a)

an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

b)

an arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs

c)

a situation in which a researcher's expectations influence that person's own behavior, and thereby influence the participant's behavior

d)

the branch of mathematics concerned with summarizing and making meaningful inferences from collection of data

9.

Observing the way people eat in a restaurant is an example of

a)

the longitudinal method

b)

naturalistic observation

c)

laboratory observation

d)

a survey

10.

A method researchers use to gather information from many people about a given topic

a)

replication

b)

correlation

c)

survey

d)

case study

11.

The variable that researchers manipulate so that they can determine its effect

a)

independent variable

b)

dependent variable

c)

variable variable

d)

beyonce variable

12.

The type of sample where subgroups in the target population are represented proportionally

a)

random sample

b)

stratified sample

c)

survey sample

d)

target sample

13.

What is the first step of the scientific research process?

a)

form a hypothesis

b)

develop a research question

c)

draw conclusions

d)

analyze results

14.

To predict the outcome of a national election, what group should be surveyed?

a)

all PA Cyber students

b)

all possible voters

c)

a large sample of voters and nonvoters

d)

a random sample of voters

15.

The relationship between a high grade and time spent studying is an example of:

a)

positive correlation

b)

negative correlation

c)

no correlation

d)

beyonce correlation

16.

The relationship between temperature decreasing and more people buying coats is an example of:

a)

positive correlation

b)

negative correlation

c)

no correlation

d)

beyonce correlation

17.
Participants in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable make up the
a)
a. Control
b)
b. Experimental
c)
c. Variable
d)
d. Single-blind
18.
When neither the participants nor the experimenter knows which group of participants is the experimental one, the study is known as a
a)
a. Placebo study
b)
b. Longitudinal study
c)
c. Single- blind study
d)
d. Double-blind study
19.
What is the mode of the following distribution: 63,75,75,79,82,82,84,84,84,91,99.
a)
a. 75
b)
b. 82
c)
c. 84
d)
d. 91
20.
In__ studies, psychologists study the same group of participants at regular intervals over a period of years.
a)
a. Biased
b)
b. Survey
c)
c. Hypothetical
d)
d. Longitudinal
21.
The variable that experimenters manipulate is called the __ variable.
a)
a. Independent
b)
b. Intervening
c)
c. Hypothetical
d)
d. Dependent
22.

A measure of the degree of relatedness between two variables is

a)
a. Variablity
b)
b. Correlation
c)
c. Standard deviation
d)
d. Prediction
23.
The cardinal rule of naturalistic observation is to
a)
a. Properly control the study's variables.
b)
b. Find cooperative participants
c)
c. Avoid disturbing the participants
d)
d. Secure a stratified sample
24.
When researchers unwittingly bring about the situtaion they expected to find, they have created a
a)
a. Self-fulfilling prophecy
b)
b. Placebo effect
c)
c. Single- blind study
d)
statistically significant set of data
25.
What is the median of the following distribution: 65,78,78,81,84,92,93
a)
a. 78
b)
b. 81
c)
c. 82
d)
d. 92
26.
a symmetrical bell-shaped curve
a)
abnormal curve
b)
normal curve
27.

What do psychologists use to conduct experiments/research to avoid getting false conclusions and results?

a)

sample

b)

case study

c)

scientific method

d)

correlation

28.

A relatively small group out of the total population under study

a)

sample

b)

qualitative

c)

hypothesis

d)

observation

29.

To increase the probability of external validity, your sample must be ______ of the population you are studying.

a)

generalized

b)

representative

c)

correlation

d)

dependent

30.

Research studies can be divided into either ________ studies or _______ studies.

a)

longitudinal, cross-sectional

b)

independent, dependent

c)

qualitative, quantitative

d)

random, stratified

31.

_____ studies focus on examining a limited number of participants in depth.

a)

quantitative

b)

cross-sectional

c)

longitudinal

d)

qualitative

32.

________ studies examine a large number of participants.

a)

qualitative

b)

longitudinal

c)

quantitative

d)

cross-sectional

33.

Psychologists use ____________ to obtain information about how people/animals behave naturally, when they are not conscious of being observed.

a)

naturalistic observation

b)

random sample

c)

survey

d)

interview

34.

A ________ is an intensive, qualitative study of a person or group.

a)

survey

b)

interview

c)

case study

d)

questionnaire

35.

The most practical way to gather data on attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of large numbers of people

a)

cross-sectional studies

b)

longitudinal studies

c)

surveys

d)

case study

36.

In _________ studies, the psychologist studies the same group of people at regular intervals over a period of years to determine whether their behavior and/or feelings have changed.

a)

qualitative

b)

cross-sectional

c)

quantitative

d)

longitudinal

37.

In a _____________, psychologists organize individuals into groups on the basis of age, then the groups are randomly sampled, and the individuals are surveyed, tested, or observed simultaneously.

a)

qualitative study

b)

cross-sectional study

c)

quantitative study

d)

longitudinal study

38.

Participants who are treated the same as the experimental group, but are not exposed to the independent variable are in the ________ group.

a)

independent

b)

dependent

c)

control

d)

experimental

39.

______ are the methods of conduct, or standards, for proper and responsible behavior.

a)

correlation

b)

experiments

c)

ethics

d)

questionnaires

40.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that the data is limited to only answering the question(s) asked. These limitations lead to biases, ambiguous conclusions, and low participation rates among research populations.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
41.
Independent variable is to dependent variable as _________ is to ____________.
a)
hypothesis | conclusion
b)
effect | cause
c)
cause | effect.
d)
conclusion | hypothesis
42.

In an experiment, the _________________ variable is tested by the researcher to observe its effect(s) on the _________________ variable.

a)

A.independent; dependent

b)

B.first; second

c)

C.dependent; independent

d)

D.research; results

43.

The main purpose of ethical guidelines for research in Psychology is to

a)

A.minimise the problems that participants cause for researchers.

b)

B.guarantee that the experimentation runs without problems.

c)

C.ensure that any results published will not be challenged.

d)

D.protect the welfare and rights of the participants.

44.

Correlation

a)

A measure of the relationship between two variables.

b)

The observation of human or animal behavior in its natural setting.

c)

Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and may receive a placebo treatment.

d)

The group to which the researchers manipulate the independent variable.

45.

If I want to gather how all students are feeling about remote learning so far, which method would make the most sense?

a)

Experimental

b)

Naturalistic observation

c)

Case study

d)

Survey

46.

What is replication?

a)

cloning the scientist who first did an experiment

b)

doing an experiment for the first time

c)

doing an experiment again and getting different results

d)

Doing an experiment again and getting the same results

47.
Good attendance in lessons is related to high grades is a:
a)
Positive correlation
b)
Zero correlation
c)
Negative correlation
d)
Accidental correlation
48.

The idea that an experimental process should be repeated is called?

a)

replacement

b)

refraction

c)

redistribution

d)

replication

49.

What is the Mean of the following numbers?

55, 70, 70, 86, 98, 99, 100, 100, 100, 101

a)

88

b)

46

c)

100

d)

98.5

50.

What is the Mode of the following numbers?

55, 70, 70, 86, 98, 99, 100, 100, 100, 101

a)

88

b)

46

c)

100

d)

98.5

51.

What is the Median of the following numbers?

55, 70, 70, 86, 98, 99, 100, 100, 100, 101

a)

88

b)

46

c)

100

d)

98.5

52.

Sarah draws 10 names out of a bowl containing the names of all the students at her school to determine which students she will interview for a study on the school's computer usage. This is an example of a

a)

stratified sample

b)

case study

c)

random sample

d)

cross-sectional study

53.

Which of the following should a psychologist avoid using?

a)

Representative Sample

b)

Random Sample

c)

Stratified Sample

d)

Nonrepresentative Sample

54.

Which of the following is not a goal of research

a)

Describe behavior

b)

Explain its causes

c)

To monitor groups of people

d)

To control certain behaviors

e)

Predict the circumstances under which certain behaviors may occur again

55.

Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Case Study

c)

Surveys

d)

Longitudinal Study

e)

Cross-Sectional Studies

56.

Three descriptive methods of psychological research.

a)

experiements, correlations, case studies

b)

dependent variable, case studies, inferential statistics

c)

naturalistic observation, experiements, case study

d)

case studies, naturalistic observation, surveys

57.

When members of the control group believe they are getting better without the trial treatment, it is called

a)

the hindsight bias

b)

the tarantula effect

c)

the placebo effect

d)

a false positive

58.

Normal Distribution / Normal Curve

a)
b)
c)
59.

Identify the type of relationship between weight and price.

a)

The price is never 0 on the graph

b)

As weight increases, price increases

c)

There is a negative linear correlation between weight and price

d)

The price gets high at the end of the graph

60.

What is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data?

a)

Algebra

b)

Calculus

c)

Statistics

d)

Geometry

61.
A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing
a)
a placebo effect
b)
catharsis
c)
negative transference
d)
tardive dyskinesia
62.

Which is NOT a step of the scientific method?

a)

Hypothesis

b)

Problem

c)

Count items

d)

Draw Conclusions

63.

What are two methods of surveying?

a)

tests and interviews

b)

experiments and questionnaires

c)

interviews and questionnaires

d)

case studies and experiments

64.

Milgram's aim was to investigate whether ___ would follow orders and give an innocent person a potentially harmful electric shock.

a)

soliders

b)

ordinary people

c)

males

d)

teachers

65.

The aim of Milgram's experiment was to

a)

find out if humans are inherently bad.

b)

investigate factors that influence obedience.

c)

investigate factors that influence status

d)

investigate factors that influence conformity

66.

What was the hypothesis of Mr.Von Osten?

a)

that horses could be as intelligent as humans and hence could be taught problem solving skills

b)

that Hans was just lucky

c)

that Hans had switched places with a human

67.

How did Von Osten train the horse to study problems?

a)

he taught him to lift his hoof once when he heard the number one, twice for two and so on

b)

he taught Hans to speak German

c)

he taught Hans sign language

68.

Mr. Vonsten thought he had taught Hans to solve math problems- what in fact did he teach the horse?

a)

he had unintentionally taught Hans to make simple responses to simple signals

b)

basic math

c)

how to count to ten