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WorksheetsPsychology Chapter 2
Total questions: 68
Worksheet time: 46mins
Define Naturalistic observation
research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering
a change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment
an arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs
an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment
Case study is
the small group of participants, out of the total number available, that a researcher studies
describes the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables
research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants
numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance
longitudinal study
an educated guess about the relationship between two variables
an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment
research method in which data are collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development
the group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied
what is a cross sectional study
research method in which data are collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development
the group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied
the measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data
research method in which data are collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age
an educated guess about the relationship between two variables
variable
placebo effect
hypothesis
statistics
single-blind experiment is
a graph of frequency distribution shaped like a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve; a graph of normal distribution data
an experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment
a change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment
an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment
experimental group
the group to which the independent variable is applied
the group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied
a situation in which a researcher's expectations influence that person's own behavior, and thereby influence the participant's behavior
an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment
self-fulfilling prophecy
an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment
an arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs
a situation in which a researcher's expectations influence that person's own behavior, and thereby influence the participant's behavior
the branch of mathematics concerned with summarizing and making meaningful inferences from collection of data
Observing the way people eat in a restaurant is an example of
the longitudinal method
naturalistic observation
laboratory observation
a survey
A method researchers use to gather information from many people about a given topic
replication
correlation
survey
case study
The variable that researchers manipulate so that they can determine its effect
independent variable
dependent variable
variable variable
beyonce variable
The type of sample where subgroups in the target population are represented proportionally
random sample
stratified sample
survey sample
target sample
What is the first step of the scientific research process?
form a hypothesis
develop a research question
draw conclusions
analyze results
To predict the outcome of a national election, what group should be surveyed?
all PA Cyber students
all possible voters
a large sample of voters and nonvoters
a random sample of voters
The relationship between a high grade and time spent studying is an example of:
positive correlation
negative correlation
no correlation
beyonce correlation
The relationship between temperature decreasing and more people buying coats is an example of:
positive correlation
negative correlation
no correlation
beyonce correlation
A measure of the degree of relatedness between two variables is
What do psychologists use to conduct experiments/research to avoid getting false conclusions and results?
sample
case study
scientific method
correlation
A relatively small group out of the total population under study
sample
qualitative
hypothesis
observation
To increase the probability of external validity, your sample must be ______ of the population you are studying.
generalized
representative
correlation
dependent
Research studies can be divided into either ________ studies or _______ studies.
longitudinal, cross-sectional
independent, dependent
qualitative, quantitative
random, stratified
_____ studies focus on examining a limited number of participants in depth.
quantitative
cross-sectional
longitudinal
qualitative
________ studies examine a large number of participants.
qualitative
longitudinal
quantitative
cross-sectional
Psychologists use ____________ to obtain information about how people/animals behave naturally, when they are not conscious of being observed.
naturalistic observation
random sample
survey
interview
A ________ is an intensive, qualitative study of a person or group.
survey
interview
case study
questionnaire
The most practical way to gather data on attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of large numbers of people
cross-sectional studies
longitudinal studies
surveys
case study
In _________ studies, the psychologist studies the same group of people at regular intervals over a period of years to determine whether their behavior and/or feelings have changed.
qualitative
cross-sectional
quantitative
longitudinal
In a _____________, psychologists organize individuals into groups on the basis of age, then the groups are randomly sampled, and the individuals are surveyed, tested, or observed simultaneously.
qualitative study
cross-sectional study
quantitative study
longitudinal study
Participants who are treated the same as the experimental group, but are not exposed to the independent variable are in the ________ group.
independent
dependent
control
experimental
______ are the methods of conduct, or standards, for proper and responsible behavior.
correlation
experiments
ethics
questionnaires
In an experiment, the _________________ variable is tested by the researcher to observe its effect(s) on the _________________ variable.
A.independent; dependent
B.first; second
C.dependent; independent
D.research; results
The main purpose of ethical guidelines for research in Psychology is to
A.minimise the problems that participants cause for researchers.
B.guarantee that the experimentation runs without problems.
C.ensure that any results published will not be challenged.
D.protect the welfare and rights of the participants.
Correlation
A measure of the relationship between two variables.
The observation of human or animal behavior in its natural setting.
Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and may receive a placebo treatment.
The group to which the researchers manipulate the independent variable.
If I want to gather how all students are feeling about remote learning so far, which method would make the most sense?
Experimental
Naturalistic observation
Case study
Survey
What is replication?
cloning the scientist who first did an experiment
doing an experiment for the first time
doing an experiment again and getting different results
Doing an experiment again and getting the same results
The idea that an experimental process should be repeated is called?
replacement
refraction
redistribution
replication
What is the Mean of the following numbers?
55, 70, 70, 86, 98, 99, 100, 100, 100, 101
88
46
100
98.5
What is the Mode of the following numbers?
55, 70, 70, 86, 98, 99, 100, 100, 100, 101
88
46
100
98.5
What is the Median of the following numbers?
55, 70, 70, 86, 98, 99, 100, 100, 100, 101
88
46
100
98.5
Sarah draws 10 names out of a bowl containing the names of all the students at her school to determine which students she will interview for a study on the school's computer usage. This is an example of a
stratified sample
case study
random sample
cross-sectional study
Which of the following should a psychologist avoid using?
Representative Sample
Random Sample
Stratified Sample
Nonrepresentative Sample
Which of the following is not a goal of research
Describe behavior
Explain its causes
To monitor groups of people
To control certain behaviors
Predict the circumstances under which certain behaviors may occur again
Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants
Naturalistic Observation
Case Study
Surveys
Longitudinal Study
Cross-Sectional Studies
Three descriptive methods of psychological research.
experiements, correlations, case studies
dependent variable, case studies, inferential statistics
naturalistic observation, experiements, case study
case studies, naturalistic observation, surveys
When members of the control group believe they are getting better without the trial treatment, it is called
the hindsight bias
the tarantula effect
the placebo effect
a false positive
Normal Distribution / Normal Curve
Identify the type of relationship between weight and price.
The price is never 0 on the graph
As weight increases, price increases
There is a negative linear correlation between weight and price
The price gets high at the end of the graph
What is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data?
Algebra
Calculus
Statistics
Geometry
Which is NOT a step of the scientific method?
Hypothesis
Problem
Count items
Draw Conclusions
What are two methods of surveying?
tests and interviews
experiments and questionnaires
interviews and questionnaires
case studies and experiments
Milgram's aim was to investigate whether ___ would follow orders and give an innocent person a potentially harmful electric shock.
soliders
ordinary people
males
teachers
The aim of Milgram's experiment was to
find out if humans are inherently bad.
investigate factors that influence obedience.
investigate factors that influence status
investigate factors that influence conformity
What was the hypothesis of Mr.Von Osten?
that horses could be as intelligent as humans and hence could be taught problem solving skills
that Hans was just lucky
that Hans had switched places with a human
How did Von Osten train the horse to study problems?
he taught him to lift his hoof once when he heard the number one, twice for two and so on
he taught Hans to speak German
he taught Hans sign language
Mr. Vonsten thought he had taught Hans to solve math problems- what in fact did he teach the horse?
he had unintentionally taught Hans to make simple responses to simple signals
basic math
how to count to ten
