An electrical current that is used to separate a mixture of DNA fragments from each other

(a)  

Maps that show the lengths of DNA fragments from each other

(a)  

(PCR) A technique that produces millions or even billions of copies of a specific DNA sequence in just a few hours

(a)  

A short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand

(a)  

A representation of parts of an individual's DNA that can be used to identify a person at a molecular level

(a)  

A genetically identical copy of a gene or an organism

(a)  

The changing of DNA to give an organism new traits

(a)  

DNA that contains genes from one or more organism

(a)  

Closed loops of DNA that are separate from the bacterial chromosome and that replicate on their own within the cell 

(a)  

An organism that has one or more genes from another organism inserted into its genome 

(a)  

A type of genetic manipulation where some mice have been purposefully “ turned off”  

(a)  

The study of genomes

(a)  

Determining the order of DNA nucleotides in genes or genomes  

(a)  

A project where the goal was to map and sequence all the DNA base pairs of the human chromosomes and to identify all of the genes within the sequence 

(a)  

The use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data 

(a)  

Tools that allow scientists to study many genes, and their expression, at once 

(a)  

The study and comparison of all the proteins that result from an organism’s genome 

(a)  

The process of testing DNA to determine a person’s risk of having or passing on a genetic disorder 

(a)  

The replacement of a defective or missing gene, or the addition of a new gene, into a person’s genome to treat a disease 

(a)