In order of decreasing size (largest listed first), sedimentary grain sizes include __.

Partial melting of a rock will create a magma that is ______ than the composition of the original rock.

Magma that is very viscous can be associated with the most violent eruptions because they are ______________.

Which of the following refers to the change or evolution of magma composition due to melting of surrounding country rock?

Which of the following gases is NOT typically released during a volcanic eruption?

Complete the statement: "Fine-grained rocks (grains <1.0mm) that have small grains which cooled rapidly are likely to be ______________ rocks."

Igneous rocks like gabbro and basalt are silica-deficient with high magnesium and iron. At which category will they be under?

Imagine two magmas that are identical in all respects (for example, same chemistry, pressure, volume) except that one magma is hotter than the other. Which magma will have the higher viscosity?

Which of the following refers to the two categories of igneous rocks based on where they solidified?

Which of the following refers to the type of melting that takes place when a body of hot mantle rock moves upward so that the pressure is reduced to the extent that the melting point drops to the temperature of the body?

Which of the following refers to a coarse-grained sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of rounded gravel?

What type of metamorphism is commonly associated with mountain building at convergent plate boundaries?

Which of the following refers to pressure applied equally to all surfaces of a substance as a result of burial or submergence?

Which of the following can be considered as the single most effective agent of chemical weathering at Earth's surface?

Peat is a brown lightweight unconsolidated deposit that ultimately can transform into ____.

Which of the following refers to a layer of sedimentary rock with a vertical change in particle size, usually from coarse at the bottom to fine at the top?

Which of the following rends to deform objects into oblong or flattened forms?

Which of the following refers to the shift to a tighter packing of sediment grains due to the weight of overburden?

What will happen to a rock that is buried to increasing depth and is subjected to increasingly greater temperature and pressure? It will undergo _______.

Which of the following is metamorphism coupled with the introduction of ions (charged atoms) from an external source?

Which of the following refers to the picking up and physical removal of rock particles by an agent such as wind, flowing liquid water, or glaciers?

Partial melting of a rock will create a magma that is ______ than the composition of the original rock.

Which of the following is a result of differential weathering?

Which of the following is not released in volcanic eruptions?

Which of the following correctly describes sills?

What type of melting involves the addition of water vapor that reduces the melting point of rocks?

Which of the following best describes volcanic eruption of a shield volcano that contains mafic magma?

Which of the following supports the statement that water is a strong source of mechanical weathering?

What type of metamorphism involves a rapid application of extreme pressure leaving impact craters behind?

What kind of igneous texture would occur when magma cools quickly at or near the surface?

In which soil horizon does soil that contains a high concentration of clay and iron oxides come from?

TRUE or FALSE?

Transportation is the movement of particles through agents of transportation which are water, ice, or the asthenosphere.

TRUE or FALSE?

Weathering is the group of destructive processes that change both the physical and chemical characteristics of rocks.

TRUE or FALSE?

Divergent boundaries are also known as constructive margin due to the adding of material in a process called upwelling.

TRUE or FALSE?

Convergent boundaries are also known as destructive margin due to the removal of material as it goes back into the mantle in a process called as subduction

TRUE or FALSE?

Metamorphism is a process that requires an immense amount of temperature, pressure, and time

TRUE or FALSE?

Melting is a process that requires immense amount of temperature but a reduced amount of pressure

TRUE or FALSE?

Compressive pressure is pressure that is applied equally in all directions

TRUE or FALSE?

Differential stress are forces that occur on a material that are not equal in all directions

Which of the following is an example of a rock that contains no crystals at all and is formed by extremely rapid cooling of the magma?

Which of the following is an example of a rock that contains cavities (vesicles) resulting from gas bubbles that were in the lava?

Which of the following is an example of a rock that contains consolidated pyroclastic debris such as ash, pumice or crystalline rock?

Which of the following describes felsic rocks?

Which of the following describes mafic rocks?

TRUE or FALSE?

Melting points of minerals generally increase as pressure increases.

TRUE or FALSE?

Melting can occur by a reduction in the melting point by the presence of water.

Which of the following is NOT describing effusive volcanic eruptions?

Which of the following is describing shield volcanoes?

Which of the following is describing cinder cones?

Which of the following is describing composite volcanoes?

Which of the following is describing calderas?

Which of the following is a service institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) that is principally mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and other related geotectonic phenomena.

Which of the following refers to the group of destructive processes that change physical and chemical character of rocks at or near Earth’s surface?

Which of the following refers to the physical picking up of rock particles by water, ice, or wind

Which of the following refers to the movement of eroded particles by water, ice, or wind

Which of the following refers to rocks weathering at different rates?

Which of the following refers to the uppermost layer of soil with organic materials?

Which of the following refers to the layer of soil that is dark-colored, rich in organic matter and high in biological activity?

Which of the following refers to the layer of soil considered as the zone of leaching with fine-grained material removed by percolating water?

Which of the following refers to the layer of soil considered as the zone of accumulation where clays and iron oxides leached down from above and forming the hard pan in wet climates?

Which of the following refers to the layer of soil with partially weathered bedrock?

Which of the following refers to a type of sedimentary rock produced by precipitation of dissolved ions in water?

Which of the following refers to a type of sedimentary rock produced from rock fragments?

Which of the following refers to a type of sedimentary rock produced by accumulation of biological debris, such as in swamps or bogs?

Which sedimentary structure has a series of thin, inclined layers within a horizontal bed of rock?

Which sedimentary structure has small ridges formed on surface of sediment layer by moving wind or water?

Which sedimentary structure experiences progressive change in grain size from bottom to top of a bed?

Which sedimentary structure are polygonal cracks formed in drying mud?

Which of the following refers to solid-state changes to rocks in Earth’s interior?

Which of the following refers to pressure created by forces that are not equal in all directions?

Which of the following refers to pressure that causes flattening perpendicular to stress?

Which of the following refers to pressure that causes flattening by sliding parallel to stress?

Which of the following refers to pressure applied equally in all directions?

Which of the following refers to metamorphism that occurs when a body of magma comes in contact with relatively cool country rock?

Which of the following refers to metamorphism where rocks precipitated from or altered by hot water?

Which of the following refers to metamorphism where water passes through rocks and precipitates new minerals on walls of cracks and in pore spaces?

Which of the following refers to metamorphism that occurs over wide areas and deep in the crust?

Which of the following refers to metamorphism is produced by rapid application of extreme pressure?

TRUE or FALSE?

Venus and Mars have shield volcanoes.