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Astronomy B Final

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 7hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An astronomical unit is...

a)

The average distance between the Earth and the Sun

b)

The average distance between the Sun and Neptune

c)

The diameter of the sun

d)

The time it takes light to travel across our solar system

2.

The distance that light can travel in a year is called....

a)

A light second

b)

A light minute

c)

A light month

d)

A light year

3.

A light year is approximately.....

a)

59,987,812 kilometers

b)

8,522,846,507 kilometers

c)

9,460,730,472,581 kilometres

d)

377,160,825,209,412,592 kilometers

4.

This geometrically derived unit equals about 3.26 light years

a)

Astronomical Unit

b)

Light year

c)

Parsec

d)

Light second

5.

When the North Pole is tilted toward the Sun, it is —

a)

Winter in both hemispheres

b)

Summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere

c)

Winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere

d)

Fall in both hemisphers

6.
Select the order from smallest to largest.
a)
Sun, Milky Way, solar system, universe
b)
Sun, Milky Way, universe, solar system
c)
Sun, solar system, Milky Way, universe
d)
Sun, solar system, universe, Milky Way
7.

People in the Northern Hemisphere see the same constellations as the people in the Southern Hemisphere.

a)

True

b)

False

8.
What constellation is this?
a)
Pegasus
b)
Andromeda
c)
Hercules
d)
Cassiopeia
9.
The sky is divided into ____ constellations.
a)
11
b)
22
c)
44
d)
88
10.
What constellation has the Little Dipper as part of its pattern?
a)
Ursa Minor
b)
Ursa Major
c)
Polaris
d)
Andromeda
11.
Ursa Major (Larger Bear) has this asterism in its pattern 
a)
the Little Dipper
b)
the Big Dipper
c)
Orion
d)
The Crux
12.
The term Zodiac refers to ...
a)
the light from Saturn's rings
b)
the head of the Celestial Empire
c)
a method for making astrological predictions
d)
a group of constellations lying near the ecliptic
13.

What is the celestial equivalent of "latitude?"

a)

Inclination

b)

Left Ascension

c)

Right Ascension

d)

Declination

14.

What is the celestial equivalent of "longitude?"

a)

Inclination

b)

Left Ascension

c)

Right Ascension

d)

Declination

15.
What are the units for right ascension?
a)
degrees
b)
hours
c)
arc milliseconds
d)
kilometers
16.

What units are used to measure declination?

a)

Hours

b)

Minutes

c)

Degrees

d)

Meters

17.
How long does it take a star to get back to the same position in the sky it was the night before?
a)
24 hours exactly
b)
24 hours and 4 minutes
c)
23 hours 30 minutes
d)
23 hours 56 minutes
18.

Which sun's path best represents the summer solstice?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

19.

Giving specific directions where does the sun rise and set on the equinoxes

a)

Rise in NE and sets in NW

b)

Rise in SE and sets in SW

c)

Rise in E and sets in W

20.

What latitude is this location?

a)

Tropic of Cancer

b)

Equator

c)

North Pole

d)

Tropic of Capricorn

21.

How long does it take the sun to move through all of the constellations of the zodiac?

a)

one day

b)

one month

c)

one week

d)

one year

22.

The path the sun appears to follow through the constellations of the zodiac actually represents the Earth's orbit around the sun. It is called the:

a)

celestial equator

b)

meridian

c)

parallel

d)

ecliptic

23.

When does the sun cross the celestial equator?

a)

on the solstices

b)

on the equinoxes

c)

never

24.
What is the study of Archaeoastronomy?
a)
The study of everything beyond Earth
b)
The study of ancient peoples and their drawings and structures, combined with the study of astronomy
c)
The study of astronomy of the past
d)
The study of the solar and lunar cycles on Earth
25.
What ancient Greek philosopher wrote convincingly about a geocentric universe?
a)
Aristotle
b)
Copernicus
c)
Galileo
26.
One of the main goals of ancient astronomers was to ____________ .
a)
create a reliable calendar
b)
develop a spacecraft capable of warp travel
c)
improve warfare
d)
introduce soap to the unwashed masses
27.
After centuries of puzzling over the meaning of Stonehenge, researchers concluded that the monument was built to show off
a)
Neolithic art
b)
the solstices
c)
the lost city
d)
the complex houses of the era
28.

Ancient Astronomers used the stars to...

a)

Tell Time

b)

To determine directions

c)

to know when to plant and harvest

d)

All of the above

e)

None of the above

29.

How did astronomical observations benefit ancient societies? Select all that apply.

a)

Kept track of time

b)

Helped people who relied on agriculture for survival

c)

Kept track of seasons

d)

Prevented diseases

30.

Ancient civilizations achieved all of the following in astronomy EXCEPT...

a)

Keeping track of the time of day

b)

Keeping track of the time of year

c)

Tracked stages of the star cycle

d)

Tracked cycles of the Moon

31.

What is the geocentric model?

a)

Sun-centered solar system

b)

Earth-centered solar system

c)

Pluto-centered solar system

32.

What is the heliocentric view?

a)

A sun-centered solar system

b)

A Earth-centered solar system

c)

A Pluto-centered solar system

33.

Why did the Ancient Greeks consider the stars to be "fixed" and non-moving?

a)

stars did not change positions over time like planets

b)

the stars were represented by the gods

c)

stars were considered to be so old they couldn't move

d)

they knew that the stars were always there

34.

Why were planetary motions unpredictable?

a)

because they were representative of the Greek gods

b)

planets "wandered" or moved in backward loops unexpectedly

c)

ancient peoples had very little insight into the heavens

d)

they did not represent the stars so they were unpredictable

35.

List the following astronomers from the earliest years of contribution to the latest.

a)

Newton-Aristotle-Copernicus-Einstein

b)

Aristotle-Copernicus-Newton-Einstein

c)

Einstein-Newton-Aristotle-Copernicus

d)

Newton-Einstein-Aristotle-Copernicus

36.
What problems did early astronomers face when trying to justify a geocentric model?
a)
Retrograde motion of planets farther out than the Earth
b)
Bodies in the night sky moved from horizon to horizon making people think the Sun was the center
c)
No observations of bodies in the night sky were observable to make any logical conclusions about celestial orbits
d)
The lack of evidence for stellar parallax
37.
Why was it important for American Indians to study astrological events?
a)
To know when to plant, harvest, and determine seasonal change.
b)
To determine what time of day it was.
c)
To determine when the autumnal equinox would occur.
d)
To determine when the sun would rise and set.
38.

His model of the Earth-centered universe was the cornerstone of astronomy for 1,500 years

a)

Claudius Ptolemy

b)

Nicolaus Copernicus

c)

Isaac Newton

d)

Galileo Galilei

39.
Began a new era of astronomy when he concluded that the Sun was the center of the universe
a)
Aristotle
b)
Isaac Newton
c)
Claudius Ptolemy
d)
Nicolaus Copernicus
40.
Built an observatory and made the most accurate astronomical observations for more than 20 yrs.
a)
Giovanni Cassini
b)
Tycho Brahe
c)
Hipparchus
d)
Isaac Newton
41.
Built a telescope and made discoveries which changed astronomy; discovered 4 moons of Jupiter
a)
Galileo Galilei
b)
Aristotle
c)
William Herschel
d)
Claudius Ptolemy
42.
This person believed that planets move on small circles that move on larger circles
a)
Ptolemy
b)
Copernicus
c)
Galileo
d)
Aristotle
43.
This person developed the heliocentric theory and was considered the founder of modern astronomy.
a)
Aristotle
b)
Copernicus
c)
Ptolemy
d)
Galileo
44.
What two forces help planets stay in their orbits? 
a)
Gravity and Force
b)
Gravity and Inertia
c)
Doppler effect and Gravity
d)
Inertia and Force 
45.
This astronomer discovered that the orbit of each planet is an ellipse, or an oval shape, and not perfectly circular.
a)
Aristotole
b)
Copernicus
c)
Kepler
d)
Newton
46.
What shape is an ellipse?  
a)
An oval shape
b)
A round shape
c)
A circle shape 
d)
Sun, moon and Earth lined up shape
47.
Galileo was tried for heresy because he argued  
a)
That heaven did not exist
b)
That Earth revolved around the sun
c)
Against the law of gravity
d)
That the sun revolved around the Earth
48.
Nicolaus Copernicus was the first person to challenge the church and develop the idea that the universe is ______________
a)
Earth centered
b)
Mars centered
c)
Sun centered
d)
beautiful 
49.
During the scientific  revolution people started using experiments to test theories rather than just believing the ___________
a)
King
b)
Family
c)
Church
d)
Sir Salami 
50.
"For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."
a)
Newton's 1st Law
b)
Newton's 2nd Law
c)
Newton's 3rd Law
d)
Newton's 4th Law
51.
Force = Mass x Acceleration
a)
Newton's 1st Law
b)
Newton's 2nd Law
c)
Newton's 3rd Law
d)
Newton's 4th Law
52.
"An object in motion (or at rest) will to stay in motion (or at rest) until an outside force acts upon it."
a)
Newton's 1st Law
b)
Newton's 2nd Law
c)
Newton's 3rd Law
d)
Newton's 4th Law
53.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
54.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is 
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
55.
The place where a planet is closest to the Sun as it orbits the Sun is called the
a)
perihelion
b)
aphelion
56.
The place where a planet is farthest away from the Sun in its orbit around the Sun is called the
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
57.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
58.
What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?
a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
59.
Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 
a)
the shape of the planets' orbits
b)
the speed/area the planet travels 
c)
the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
60.
The farther away a planet is from the sun, the _______ it takes it to orbit the sun once. 
a)
longer
b)
shorter
61.
This movement of earth over 11,000 years will change our north star to Vega
a)
nutation
b)
precession
c)
revolution
d)
rotation
62.
Compared to clocks in a stationary reference frame moving clocks run 
a)
faster
b)
slower
c)
at the same rate
63.
The speed of light is constant in all frames of reference.
a)
True
b)
False
64.

There are two twins on Earth. One flies off on a spacecraft traveling 90% of 'c' while the other twin stays on Earth. Which of the following is TRUE?

a)

The twin on the spacecraft will age more slowly than the Earth-bound sibling

b)

Time in each frame of reference proceeds differently at different speeds

c)

This is an example of the 'Twin Paradox'

d)

All answers are true

65.

The speed of light (c) =

a)

186,282 miles per hour

b)

299,792 kilometers per second

c)

3.0 x 105 km/min (kilometers per minute)

d)

All answers are correct and equal to one another

66.

General Relativity is a theory of...

a)

Quantum mechanics

b)

Orbital motion

c)

Light

d)

Gravity

67.

General Relativity combines

a)

Matter and Energy

b)

Space and Time

c)

Particles and forces

d)

Particles and waves

68.
What does gravity do to time?
a)
speeds it up
b)
slows it down
c)
nothing
69.
Which of these provides the best analogy for what massive objects do to spacetime?  
a)
coat hanger in the closet
b)
bowling ball on a rubber sheet
c)
car driving in a circle
d)
tennis ball in the dryer
70.
What is gravitational lensing?
a)
slowing down of time around a black hole
b)
light bending around a massive object
c)
light moving in a straight line around a massive object
d)
light bending as it goes from one medium to another
71.
When did we first detect gravitational waves?
a)
1916
b)
1905
c)
2016
d)
1972
72.
According to Einstein, why do objects accelerate around massive bodies?
a)
a force is pulling them
b)
space is pushing them
c)
they don't
73.
How fast does gravity travel?  
a)
gravity does not have a speed, it is instantaneous
b)
at the speed of light
c)
slower than the speed of light
74.

Name the point directly above an observers head

a)

North Celestial Pole

b)

Nadir

c)

Zenith

d)

Polaris

75.
The Celestial Sphere spins around two points in the sky known as the.....
a)
North and South Poles.
b)
Celestial North and Celestial South Poles.
c)
East and West Points of Light.
d)
Arctic and Antarctic Points.
76.
The Celestial Sphere's coordinates are related to what Earth system of coordinates?
a)
Arctic & Antarctic Circles
b)
Longitude & Latitude
c)
Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer
d)
Sonar systems
77.

What is the Sun's path through the celestial sphere called?

a)

meridian

b)

declination

c)

ecliptic

d)

right ascension

78.

Philadelphia, PA, has a latitude of 40 degrees N. What is the altitude of Polaris in this city?

a)

90 degrees

b)

73.5 degrees

c)

40 degrees

d)

50 degrees

79.

What is the maximum value for any declination?

a)

24 hrs

b)

90 degrees

c)

180 degrees

d)

0 degrees

80.

Which diagram best represents the apparent path of the Sun on June 21st?

a)
b)
c)
d)
81.
What are the units for right ascension?
a)
degrees
b)
hours
c)
arc milliseconds
d)
kilometers
82.
How long does it take a star to get back to the same position in the sky it was the night before?
a)
24 hours exactly
b)
24 hours and 4 minutes
c)
23 hours 30 minutes
d)
23 hours 56 minutes
83.

Albert Einstein said that you cannot tell where you are in the Universe without including time. He called this an EVENT.

Where are you located in the Universe? 10pts

4 lines
84.

What happens to objects that are traveling near the Speed of Light? 4pts

4 lines
85.

Explain how Johannes Kepler destroyed the Pythagorean Paradigm. 4pts

4 lines

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