Finger waving is the process of shaping and directing the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, ___, and ___.

Finger waving was all the rage in the ___, which may have you wondering why you are being asked to learn this technique today.

___ also known as liquid gel, is a type of gel that makes the pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger waving procedure.

Pin curls serve as the basis for ___, ___, ___, ___, and rolls that are used in a wide range of hairstyles.

Pin curls are made up of 3 principal parts

The ___ is the stationary (non-moving) foundation of the curl, which is the area closest to the scalp; the panel of hair on which the pin curl is placed.

the base is the area closest to the ___.

The ___ is the section of the pin curl between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl its direction and movement; the hair between the scalp and the first turn of the pin curl.

the stem gives the pin curl its direction and ___

the ___ is placed directly on the base of the curl. it produces a tight, firm, long lasting curl and allows minimum mobility.

no stem pin curls create long lasting curls and allows ___ mobility.

A ___ is a section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls. ___ are either open or closed end.

shapings are either ___ or ___ end

___ produce waves that get smaller toward the ends.

___ produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls

the terms ___ and ___ are used to describe the direction of pin curls.

___ pin curls are usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upswept effect.

___ pin curls are recommended along the front or facial hairline to prevent breaks or splits in the finished hairstyle. the ___ allows a portion of hair from each curl to overlap the next and this syle can be combed into a wave without splits.

___ pin curls, also known as half moon or c-shaped base curls, are carved out of a shaping. ___ pin curls give good direction and may be used at the hairline or in the nape. ___ pin curls are also the most commonly shaped base.

One important technique to learn is called ___ which involves forcing the hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension.

the curls sliced from shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are referred to as ___, also known as sculpted curls.

___ are pin curls placed immediately behind or below a ridge to form a wave

___ are two rows of ridge curls, usually on the side of the head.

have large center openings and are fastened to the head in a standing position on a rectangular base.

Barrel curls have the same effect as ___ pin curls.

A barrel curl’s effect is similar to that of a roller, but it does not have the same ___ as a roller when it is set.

the ___ is the panel of hair on which the roller is placed.

The base should be ___ length and width as the roller.

The type of base affects the ___.

one complete turn around the roller will create ___

one and a half turns around the roller will create ___

two and a half turns around the roller will create ___

also known as full base. for full volume the roller sits directly on its base. over direct (higher than 90 degrees) the strand slightly in front of the base and roll the hair down.

for medium volume, the roller sits halfway on its base and halfway behind the base. hold the strand straight up (90 degrees) from the head and roll the hair down.

for the least volume, the roller sits completely off the base. hold the strand 45 degrees down from the base and roll the hair down.

the point where curls of opposite directions meet, forming a recessed area.

___ rollers are used only on dry hair. Using them on wet hair will snag and pull the hair.

Also known as teasing, ratting, matting, or French lacing; combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base.

Also known as ruffing (RUF-ing); technique used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb out.

A technique used to keep curly hair smooth and straight while retaining a beautiful shape.

Technique of drying and styling damp hair in a single operation and it has revolutionized the hairstyling world.

The blowdryer’s nozzle attachment, or ___, is a directional feature that creates a concentrated stream of air.

The ___ is an attachment that causes the air to flow more softly and helps to accentuate or keep textural definition

a half-round, rubber-based brush. While they are perfect for blowdrying precision haircuts where little volume is desired, they are less suitable for smooth, classic looks.

with their large, flat bases, are well suited for mid-length to longer-length hair.

are generally oval, with a mixture of boar and nylon bristles.

Grooming brushes are particularly useful for adding ___ and ___ to fine to medium hair, and they are great for combing out updos.

also known as mousse, is a light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam

also known as texturizers, are similar to firm hold gels except that they are lighter and less viscous (more liquid) in form.

Also known as serum, adds gloss and sheen to the hair while creating textural definition.

Also known as Marcel waving; methods of waving and curling straight or pressed dry hair using thermal irons and special manipulative curling techniques.

Flat irons with straight edges are used to create ___ styles—even on very curly hair.

The edge nearest the stylist is called the

the edge farthest from the stylist is called the

The comb should be about 7 inches (17.5 centimeters) long, should be made of ___ or another nonflammable substance, and should have fine teeth to firmly hold the hair.

The temperature setting for an iron depends on the ___ of the hair, whether it is fine or coarse, and whether it has been lightened or tinted.

As a rule, ___ hair can withstand more heat than fine hair.

a method of curling the hair by winding a strand around the rod. It creates a vertical corkscrew effect and works best on one length hair to create volume

Thermal curls placed very high on their base; provide maximum lift or volume.

Thermal curls that sit in the center of their base; strong curls with full volume. hold strand at 125 degree angle

Thermal curls placed completely off their base, offering only slight lift or volume.

Method of temporarily straightening extremely curly or unruly hair by means of a heated iron or comb.

Technique of pressing the hair to remove 50 to 60 percent of the curl by applying the thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair.

Technique that removes 60 to 75 percent of the curl by applying a thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair, using slightly more pressure than in the soft press.

Technique that removes 100 percent of the curl by applying the pressing comb twice on each side of the hair.

Wiry, curly hair may be coarse, medium, or fine, and it feels stiff, hard, and ___

Because of the compact construction of its cuticle cells, hair of this type is very ___ to hair pressing and requires more heat and pressure than other types of hair.

If he scalp is flexible, remember to use enough ___ to press the hair satisfactorily.

There are two types of pressing combs: ___

Both should be constructed of good quality ___.

A process used to condition a new brass pressing comb so that it heats evenly.

With a stove-heated pressing comb (nonelectric), remove the carbon by rubbing the with a fine steel-wool pad or fine sandpaper. Then place the metal portion of the comb in a hot ___ for about one hour

___ are sometimes necessary when the hair becomes curly again due to perspiration, dampness, or other conditions.

___ and ___ are the two general types of injuries that can occur in hair pressing.

To obtain good results on gray hair, use a ___ heated pressing comb applied with light pressure. Avoid excessive heat as discoloration or breakage can occur

___ is often overlooked and can be the difference between a flattering style or one that is not.

A truly classic style, the ___ knot has been popular for centuries. It is created out of a simple ponytail and can be dressed up with flowers or ornaments, or kept simple

Also known as French pleat; a technique used for formal hairstyling that creates a look of conical shape.