WorksheetsUNIT3 WORKBOOK
Total questions: 159
Worksheet time: 40hrs 45mins
The council wants to ____ the character of the city while reconstructing the Old Quarter.
A. preserve
B. store
C. defense
D. abandon
A
B
C
D
Heavy traffic ____ us so we came to the meeting rather late.
A. promoted
B. arrested
C. canceled
D. delayed
A
B
C
D
3. It turned out to be a journey when the weather became bad.
A. hazard
B. hazardous
C. hazarded
D. hazarding
A
B
C
D
4. Poaching the greatest threat to many species.
A. creates
B. presents
C. poses
D. produces
A
B
C
D
13. In Singapore, people try to 80% of all waste.
A. reprocess
B. reclaim
C. recycle
D. reuse
A
B
C
D
15. He volunteered to work as an environment because he wanted to make his small contributions
to conserving the environment
A. preserve
B. preservation
C. preservationist
D. preservational
A
B
C
D
10. Nowadays, people are searching for more _ materials to build their houses.
A. environment- friendly
B. environmentally- friendly
C. environmental- friendly
D. environmental- friend
A
B
C
D
5. In Africa, people's interference in the rhino's leads to habitat loss.
A. sector
B. territory
C. domain
D. country
A
B
C
D
6. the wild, giant pandas eat bamboo.
A. On
B. Into
C. Onto
D. In
A
B
C
D
9. I never leave any electrical appliances on standby and I think it is a good way to energy in the
home.
A. take care of
B. use
C. keep
D. conserve
A
B
C
D
11. Every piece of equipment was sent to the fire.
A. consumable
B. spendable
C. available
D. disposable
A
B
C
D
14. Information technology has our lives.
A. evolved
B. reserved
C. assimilated
D. transformed
A
B
C
D
7. This species of African elephants is .
A. dying out
B. dying of
C. dying on
D. dying down
A
B
C
D
8. batteries or solar chargers are some of the solutions to the lack of energy.
A. Rechargeable
B. Reversible
C. Repeatable
D. Returnable
A
B
C
D
12. In the agriculture, farmers try to limit the use of chemicals and fertilizers.
A. sustainable
B. conserving
C. preserving
D. supporting
A
B
C
D
. A good leader in globalization is not to impose but change.
A. facilitate
B. cause
C. show
D. oppose
A
B
C
D
16. We need to act quickly to to climate change, or it will be a disaster for the whole planet.
A. adapt
B. go back
C. reverse
D. transit
A
B
C
D
17. There is little of things improving soon.
A. probability
B. probably
C. probable
D. probabilities
A
B
C
D
18. is wiping out many kinds of plants and animals.
A. Defoliation
B. Deforestation
C. Deformation
D. Degradation
A
B
C
D
19. The tiger is of extinction. It is difficult to find them in the wild.
A. on the wing
B. on the rocks
C. on the verge
D. on the ground
A
B
C
D
20. Switching to eco light bulb is one way to protect the environment.
A. energy-wasting
B. energy-expending
C. energy-lacking
D. energy-saving
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST) 21. For environmental safety, we need to find ways to reduce emission of fumes and smoke of
factories.
A. leak
B. release
C. poison
D. pollutant
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST)25. Many animals were born in captivity. Resultantly, they do not always breed well.
A. imprisonment
B. lock
C. detention
D. freedom
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST)29. Modern buildings are designed to maximize natural light.
A. absorb
B. increase
C. let
D. diminish
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST)22. Nylon is a man-made fibre, the use of which has helped more people to have cheaper and more
colourful clothes to wear.
A. natural
B. plastic
C. synthetic
D. artificial
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST)24. We have to suffer from traffic congestion and pollution every day.
A. accident
B. fullness
C. mass
D. crowd
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST)28. Scientists are trying to find an energy that consumes less fuel.
A. waste
B. destroy
C. eat up
D. use
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST)23. The advances of commercial airplanes resulted in a shrinking world.
A. decreasing
B. reduced
C. smaller
D. compressing
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST)26. The African rhino is an endangered species and needs protecting.
A. unstable
B. dangerous
C. insecure
D. indefensible
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST)30. It's wise to use local fresh produce which is in season.
A. cars
B. restaurants
C. crops
D. water
A
B
C
D
(CLOSEST)27. We can protect many species by keeping them in wildlife reserves.
A. protected land
B. saved land
C. park
D. zoo
A
B
C
D
31. The President of the us appoints the cabinet members, appointments are subject to Senate approval.
A. their
B. with their
C. because their
D. but their
A
B
C
D
36. I will send my application to Harvard you recommend another university.
A. when
B. because
C. as
D. unless
A
B
C
D
40. They had no sooner moved in the house they had the garage repaired.
A. when
B. while
C. then
D. than
A
B
C
D
42. Rapid population growth will continue to create new problems immediate measures are taken worldwide.
A. as long as
B. so that
C. in case
D. unless
A
B
C
D
43. Jo won’t be able to understand the speakers there is an interpreter.
A. if
B. if only
C. provided
D. unless
A
B
C
D
47. He had to act immediately; , it would have been too late.
A. nevertheless
B. still
C. consequently
D. otherwise
A
B
C
D
32. There was nothing they could do leave the car at the roadside where it had broken down.
A. but
B. instead of
C. than
D. unless
A
B
C
D
39. Aware of how expensive it is to raise a child, future parents will have to choose having fewer children and reducing the money they spend on each child.
A. between
B. either
C. from
D. whether
A
B
C
D
45. The soldiers attacked the town the danger of causing large numbers of civilian casualties there.
A. despite
B. in addition to
C. besides
D. for fear of
A
B
C
D
46.I was just about to ring up his office he arrived home.
A. when
B. although
C. then
D. as
A
B
C
D
33. Nancy is dancing down the street _she is so happy.
A. because of
B. because
C. therefore
D. due to
A
B
C
D
34. I usually enjoy attending amateur productions in small community theaters. The play we attended last night, , was so bad that I wanted to leave after the first act.
A. therefore
B. however
C. whereas
D. consequently
A
B
C
D
35. I love swimming my partner won’t go near the water.
A. nevertheless
B. whereas
C. even so
D. on the other hand
A
B
C
D
41. Crash diets are not a recommended means of weight loss, they can lead to malnutrition
A. once
B. for
C. how much
D. in order that
A
B
C
D
44. We’ll be late for the class we run.
A. even though
B. even if
C. even without
D. even
A
B
C
D
37. I said very clearly that I preferred to pay by cheque, the shop assistant insisted that I should pay the bill in cash.
A. Because
B. If
C. Although
D. However
A
B
C
D
38. hardship, the firemen managed to save many people who were caught in the fire.
A. Because of
B. However
C. Despite
D. As a result
A
B
C
D
48. We really want to book another holiday in Cotswold the last trip was not a success.
A. which
B. because
C. although
D. despite
A
B
C
D
49.I prefer to buy engine parts at Auto World they always have every reliable part on hand.
A. so
B. which
C. because
D. but
A
B
C
D
54. the apples we were growing in the orchard the grapes on our vines were affected by the extreme heat.
A. Such-that
B. So-and
C. Both-and
D. Whether-or
A
B
C
D
55. Melanie is retiring from her job next summer she can devote more time to photography.
A. in case
B. until
C. in order that
D. whenever
A
B
C
D
56. Everyone wondered what Tom’s reaction to the accident would be; , it was his bicycle that was in pieces.
A. therefore
B. so that
C. after all
D. all at once
A
B
C
D
58 irritating they are, you shouldn't lose temper with small children.
A. No matter how much
B. As much as
C. However
D. Although
A
B
C
D
60. home schooling is apparently very successful, many people still believe in the benefits of traditional schooling.
A. Despite that
B. Because
C. Even though
D. In spite of
A
B
C
D
61. Put all the toys away someone slips and falls on them.
A. provided that
B. unless
C. in case
D. so long as
A
B
C
D
62. Fast food is very popular. , a diet of burgers, pizzas and fried chicken is not very healthy.
A. Consequently
B. Moreover
C. Unfortunately
D. In contrast
A
B
C
D
50. Norway has tidy cities, historic buildings, and distinctive art, nature is clearly its prime attraction.
A. What if
B. Even though
C. Otherwise
D. If only
A
B
C
D
51 not openly, I disagree with him, as I didn’t want to quarrel.
A. Since
B. Although
C. In spite of
D. Unless
A
B
C
D
66. Women are more verbal than men, men are better than women at visual-spatial activities.
A. however
B. therefore
C. although
D. while
A
B
C
D
52.I don’t think we can afford such a high rent you find a better-paying job.
A. because
B. otherwise
C. if only
D. unless
A
B
C
D
57. out of the water, penguins are almost found in groups, and are quite sociable
A. Before
B. Just as
C. By the time
D. While
A
B
C
D
59. the fact that we are suffering a shortage of trained staff, we have had to decline a number of contracts.
A. Since
B. As
C. For
D. Due to
A
B
C
D
63. its popularity, the book was quickly sold out.
A. Because
B. On the account of
C. In spite of
D. Owing to
A
B
C
D
64. It is probably impossible for life to ever exist on Venus its intense surface heat.
A. because
B. in spite of
C. although
D. because of
A
B
C
D
65. The ozone layer is becoming depleted; , there are more cases of skin cancer every year.
A. however
B. therefore
C. in contrast
D. on the other hand
A
B
C
D
53. you stop playing loud music, I’ll call the police.
A. Unless
B. If not
C. When
D. If
A
B
C
D
67. Fred stayed in bed too long and, , arrived late for school.
A. as a result
B. however
C. in addition
D. even though
A
B
C
D
69. You should unplug the washing machine before removing its contents; it may hurt your fingers.
A. otherwise
B. but
C. although
D. so
A
B
C
D
71. I didn’t understand the problem she explained it to me.
A. until
B. as soon as
C. before
D. at once
A
B
C
D
75. the weather forecast, it will rain heavily later this morning.
A. On account of
B. Due to
C. According to
D. Because of
A
B
C
D
68. She took a pullover it turned chilly in the evening.
A. unless
B. as long as
C. in case
D. whether
A
B
C
D
77. “Give her a telephone number to ring she gets lost.”
A. whether
B. perhaps
C. in case
D. unless
A
B
C
D
73. Don’t be late for the interview, people will think you are a disorganized person.
A. unless
B. otherwise
C. if not
D. or else not
A
B
C
D
74. he took off his dark glasses, I recognized him.
A. Whenever
B. As soon as
C. Then
D. While
A
B
C
D
80. People will be able to work from home; , they may still choose to go to work.
A. therefore
B. however
C. so
D. although
A
B
C
D
70. I were well off; I would pay off the house
A. Only when
B. If
C. Only if
D. If only
A
B
C
D
72. I am not against the plan at all; , I think it is marvelous.
A. nevertheless
B. on the other hand
C. in contrast
D. on the contrary
A
B
C
D
76. “You’d better stop spending money you’ll end up in debt.”
A. if
B. in case
C. unless
D. otherwise
A
B
C
D
78. Sue hadn’t seen her brother for thirty years and they recognized each other instant
A. so
B. despite
C. also
D. yet
A
B
C
D
79. The child was told to eat his vegetables, or he would get no ice cream.
A. in fact
B. instead
C. in case
D. else
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE) 81. The new policy will help generate more jobs.
A. bring out
B. form
C. produce
D. terminate
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE) 82. Her only problem is the limited experience because she is too young.
A. narrow
B. considerable
C. insufficient
D . restricted
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE) 85. 'If we continue to deplete our planets natural resources, we will damage the environment
significantly.
A. use up
B. add to
C. reduce
D. exhaust
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE) 83. The river is badly polluted with toxic chemicals from that factory.
A. poisonous
B. harmful
C. all right
D. deadly
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE) 84. I don't believe in anything he says, he is unreliable
A. inaccurate
B. unstable
C. trustworthy
D. irresponsible
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE)89. Funds are diverted from conservation to military because of war.
A. redirected
B. shifted
C. stayed
D. turned aside
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE)86. She stays incredibly focused and is never distracted by others.
A. disturbed
B. confused
C. bewildered
D. concentrated
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE)88. Poverty in many African countries increases the likelihood that people poach animals to earn their
living.
A. chance
B. prospect
C. possibility
D. improbability
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE)87. Globally, farmers encroach on forest land to grow crops.
A. leave
B. invade
C. make road to
D. intrude
A
B
C
D
(OPPOSITE)90. The number of rhinos is in steady decline. There are fewer rhinos than ever before.
A. occasional
B. constant
C. stable
D. Persistent
A
B
C
D
91. he was waiting for Sam outside the cinema, Jim realized that the street was funnily crowded.
A. So
B. While
C. Unless
D. Even though
A
B
C
D
95. There wasn't a chair for the headmaster, is a big problem.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
A
B
C
D
92. The student wiped the board was full of notes and drawings.
A. that
B. while
C. after
D. so
A
B
C
D
93. I didn't meet him right away he had to talk to his boss first.
A. while
B. if
C. because
D. or
A
B
C
D
94. what has happened, I think she will never return.
A. If
B. Unless
C. While
D. After
A
B
C
D
96. True Blood is my favourite TV series, I don't have much time to watch it often.
A. although
B. before
C. if
D. yet
A
B
C
D
98. The kids show some hatred towards him, he was really nice to them.
A. because
B. before
C. unless
D. even though
A
B
C
D
102. , I decided to stop trading with them.
A. Despite of the fact that they were the biggest dealer
B. Though being the biggest dealer
C. Being the biggest dealer
D. Even though they were the biggest dealer
A
B
C
D
110. I will stand here and wait for you you come back.
A. because
B. though
C. so
D. until
A
B
C
D
97. After the children finished their dinner, they went to bed listened to a bedtime story before
falling asleep.
A. that
B. and
C. so
D. while
A
B
C
D
101. of the committee, I'd like to thank you for your generous donation
A. Instead
B. On behalf
C. According
D. In spite
A
B
C
D
111. When he came to the counter of pay he found that he had cash his credit card with him.
A. either/or
B. neither/nor
C. both/and
D. not/neither
A
B
C
D
100. I like swimming my sister likes jogging and dancing.
A. whereas
B. when
C. whenever
D. so
A
B
C
D
108. A few natural elements exist in that they are rarely seen in their natural environments.
A. such small quantities
B. so small quantities
C. very small quantities
D. small quantity
A
B
C
D
99. We can leave you are ready.
A. whatever
B. whoever
C. whenever
D. whichever
A
B
C
D
103. I think it's to take a few more pictures.
A. enough light
B. lightly enough
C. light enough
D. enough as light
A
B
C
D
104. I heard the phone ring, I didn't answer it.
A. because
B. Only if
C. Even though
D. Provided that
A
B
C
D
106. Businesses will not survive they satisfy their customers
A. or else
B. in case
C. unless
D. if
A
B
C
D
107. This investigation is not only one that is continuing and worldwide we expect to
continue for quite some time.
A. but one also that
B. but one that also
C. but also one that
D. but that also one
A
B
C
D
109. He decided to quit the job the high salary he got
A. although B. in spite C. despite D. much as
A
B
C
D
112. My sister won't go to the party tonight and
.A. so will I B. I will too C. neither will I D. I will neither
A
B
C
D
112 we understand his reasons, we cannot accept his behaviour.
A. As if
B. What if
C. Even if
D. Only if
A
B
C
D
118. I'm sorry you've decided not to go with us on the river trip, but you change your mind, there will still be enough room on the boat for you.
A. even
B. nevertheless
C. in the event that
D. provided that
A
B
C
D
116. the price is high, we can't afford to buy a new car.
A. Now that
B. Although
C. Whereas
D. As long as
A
B
C
D
120. My father is getting old and forgetful. he is experienced and helpful.
A. Be that as it may
B. Regardless
C. Lest
D. Consequently
A
B
C
D
113. his poor English, he managed to communicate his problem very clearly.
A. Because
B. Even though
C. Because of
D. In spite of
A
B
C
D
114. Neither the students nor their lecturer English in the classroom.
A. have used
B. use
C. are using
D. uses
A
B
C
D
117. He hurried he wouldn't be late for class.
A. since
B. as if
C. unless
D. so that
A
B
C
D
119. you read the instructions carefully, you will understand what to do.
A. as well as
B. as far as
C. as soon as
D. provided that
A
B
C
D
121. You must never take the helmet off when you drive.
A. Helmets must be worn at all times when driving.
B. Helmets must be taken around with you when you drive.
C. Wearing helmets is never taken into consideration when driving.
D. Helmets are an optional part of you when you drive.
A
B
C
D
121. People in Australia are so environmentally-friendly that they create the greenest country in the world.
A. Australia is the greenest country in the world though the people are environmentally friendly
B. Australia is the greenest country in the world because the people are environmentally friendly.
C. Australia is the greenest country in the world while the people are environmentally-friendly.
D. Australia is the greenest country in the world if the people are environmentally friendly.
A
B
C
D
123. We might stop here if you don't change your way of speaking.
A. We might stop here unless you don't change your way of speaking.
B. We might stop here if you change your way of speaking.
C. We might stop here unless you change your way of speaking.
D. We might stop here if not you change your way of speaking.
A
B
C
D
124. When the class was over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
A. As long as the class finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
B. No sooner was the class over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
C. As soon as the class had finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
D. If the class was over, the students would run out, scream and shout.
A
B
C
D
126. He was about to do something when his mother suddenly shouted out.
A. He was doing something when his mother suddenly shouted out.
B. He refused to do something about his mother suddenly shouting out.
C. He was on the point of doing something when his mother suddenly shouted out.
D. His mother's sudden shouting out helped him to do something.
A
B
C
D
125. At no time Jane asks me when she uses my bathroom.
A. Jane is always using my bathroom without asking!
B. It is very unusual for Jane to ask me when she uses my bathroom.
C. Jane has no time to ask me when she uses my bathroom.
D. Sometimes Jane asks me when she uses my bathroom.
A
B
C
D
128. I was under a strong impression that she had not told the truth.
A. I believed that she had not told the truth.
B. I doubted that she had not told the truth.
C. I protested that she had not told the truth.
D. I insisted that she had not told the truth
A
B
C
D
129. He acts like an innocent man even if the evidence shows the contradiction.
A. Even though he acts like an innocent man, the evidence shows the contradiction.
B. He acts like an innocent man because the evidence shows the contradiction.
C. The evidence shows the contradiction so he acts like an innocent man.
D. He acts like an innocent man, as a result, the evidence shows the contradiction.
A
B
C
D
127. Merry allows her children to stay up late on Saturday evenings.
HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 24
A. Merry makes her children stay up late on Saturday evenings.
B. Merry gets her children to stay up late on Saturday evenings.
C. Merry helps her children stay up late on Saturday evenings.
D. Merry lets her children stay up late on Saturday evenings.
A
B
C
D
130. We paid for the meal. We wanted to say sorry for what we had done.
A. In order to pay for the meal, we wanted to say sorry for what we had done.
B. We paid for the meal in order to say sorry for what we had done.
C. We paid for the meal although we wanted to say sorry for what we had done.
D. The meal we paid for is what we want to say sorry for what we had done.
A
B
C
D
134. Something hit the door. I heard a slam.
A. Something hit the door but I heard a slam.
B. Something hit the door when I heard a slam.
C. Something hit the door though I heard a slam.
D. Something hit the door for I heard a slam.
A
B
C
D
135. He doesn't like going out. He doesn't invite any friends home.
A. He either goes out or invites any friends home.
B. He neither goes out nor invites any friends home.
C. He not only goes out but also invites any friends home.
D. He goes out but not invites any friends home
A
B
C
D
131. My sister thinks the film is too frightening. I am not scared at all.
A. My sister thinks the film is too frightening because I am not scared at all.
B. My sister thinks the film is too frightening so I am not scared at all.
C. My sister thinks the film is too frightening whereas I am not scared at all.
D. My sister thinks the film is too frightening although I am not scared at all.
A
B
C
D
132. He bought her flowers and diamond rings. This action made her fall in love with him.
A. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, what made her fall in love with him.
B. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, that made her fall in love with him.
C. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, which made her fall in love with him.
D. He bought her flowers and diamond rings which made her fall in love with him.
A
B
C
D
133. He was so angry with his boss. He quitted his job immediately.
A. Angry with his boss, he quitted his job immediately.
B. He quitted his job immediately, angry with his boss.
C. Angry with his boss he is, he quitted his job immediately.
D. He was so angry with his boss although quitting his job immediately.
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
136. A. undernourished
B. unhealthy
C . unbelievable
D. undeniable
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
139. A. about
B. to
C. with
D. on
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
143. A. alive
B. lively
C. vital
D. active
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
137. A. wasting
B. destroying
C. killing
D. harvesting
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
140. A. Promoters
B. Advocates
C. Champion
D. Spokesmen
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
138. A. strengthen
B. rise
C. increase
D. enlarge
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
142. A. on
B. to
C. in
D. over
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
145. A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. what
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
146. A. because
B. but
C. so
D. since
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
141. A. same
B. parallel
C. alike
D. equivalent
A
B
C
D
Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (136) people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters, which are capable of (137) _ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions.
GM crops
Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (138) food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (139) health risks and damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops.
Vertical farming
Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (140) of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (141) to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.
Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (142) new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more people
(143) than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply.
Increase aid
Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (144) . We can afford to send surplus food to people (145) need it. We could also simply give more money to developing countries, (146) they can buy food. (147) say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution.
144. A. lonesome
B. lone
C. lonely
D. alone
A
B
C
D
Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They are full of life, with perhaps one quarter of all ocean species depending on reefs for food and shelter. This is a remarkable statistic when you consider that reefs cover just a tiny fraction of the earth's surface and less than two per cent of the ocean bottom. Because they are so diverse, coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the ocean. Coral reefs are very important to people. They even provide seventy per cent of the food demands for some marine species, protection of shorelines, jobs based on tourism (nine out of twelve activities for tourists in Nha Trang, for example, involve the coral reefs), and even medicines.
Unfortunately, climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth's atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that these changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities.
As temperatures rise, mass coral bleaching events and infectious disease outbreaks are becoming more frequent. Additionally, carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the atmosphere has already begun
to reduce calcification rates in reef-building and reef-associated organisms by altering seawater chemistry through decreases in pH. This process is called ocean acidification.
Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns. When combined, all of these impacts dramatically alter ecosystem function, as well as the goods and services coral reef ecosystems provide to people around the globe.
There are also many things you can do to ensure that you are environmentally conscious when you visit coral reefs or coastal areas. These include things such as hiring local guides to support the economy, removing all trash from an area, never touching or harassing wildlife in reef areas, and avoiding dropping your boat anchor or chain nearby a coral reef.
Finally, stay informed and spread the word! Educate yourself about why healthy coral reefs are valuable to the people, fish, plants, and animals that depend on them. Your excitement will help others get involved.
148. Though the coverage of coral reefs on the sea bed is , its vital role is undeniable.
A. remarkable B. small C. diverse D. huge
A
B
C
D
Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They are full of life, with perhaps one quarter of all ocean species depending on reefs for food and shelter. This is a remarkable statistic when you consider that reefs cover just a tiny fraction of the earth's surface and less than two per cent of the ocean bottom. Because they are so diverse, coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the ocean. Coral reefs are very important to people. They even provide seventy per cent of the food demands for some marine species, protection of shorelines, jobs based on tourism (nine out of twelve activities for tourists in Nha Trang, for example, involve the coral reefs), and even medicines.
Unfortunately, climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth's atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that these changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities.
As temperatures rise, mass coral bleaching events and infectious disease outbreaks are becoming more frequent. Additionally, carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the atmosphere has already begun
to reduce calcification rates in reef-building and reef-associated organisms by altering seawater chemistry through decreases in pH. This process is called ocean acidification.
Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns. When combined, all of these impacts dramatically alter ecosystem function, as well as the goods and services coral reef ecosystems provide to people around the globe.
There are also many things you can do to ensure that you are environmentally conscious when you visit coral reefs or coastal areas. These include things such as hiring local guides to support the economy, removing all trash from an area, never touching or harassing wildlife in reef areas, and avoiding dropping your boat anchor or chain nearby a coral reef.
Finally, stay informed and spread the word! Educate yourself about why healthy coral reefs are valuable to the people, fish, plants, and animals that depend on them. Your excitement will help others get involved.
151. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. Coral reefs can be compared to rainforests due to its diversity.
B. The effects of global warming are only on the ecosystems themselves.
C. You can help the coral reefs by educating not only yourself but people around you.
D. Human activities which cause greenhouse gases are major reasons for the climate change
A
B
C
D
Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They are full of life, with perhaps one quarter of all ocean species depending on reefs for food and shelter. This is a remarkable statistic when you consider that reefs cover just a tiny fraction of the earth's surface and less than two per cent of the ocean bottom. Because they are so diverse, coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the ocean. Coral reefs are very important to people. They even provide seventy per cent of the food demands for some marine species, protection of shorelines, jobs based on tourism (nine out of twelve activities for tourists in Nha Trang, for example, involve the coral reefs), and even medicines.
Unfortunately, climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth's atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that these changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities.
As temperatures rise, mass coral bleaching events and infectious disease outbreaks are becoming more frequent. Additionally, carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the atmosphere has already begun
to reduce calcification rates in reef-building and reef-associated organisms by altering seawater chemistry through decreases in pH. This process is called ocean acidification.
Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns. When combined, all of these impacts dramatically alter ecosystem function, as well as the goods and services coral reef ecosystems provide to people around the globe.
There are also many things you can do to ensure that you are environmentally conscious when you visit coral reefs or coastal areas. These include things such as hiring local guides to support the economy, removing all trash from an area, never touching or harassing wildlife in reef areas, and avoiding dropping your boat anchor or chain nearby a coral reef.
Finally, stay informed and spread the word! Educate yourself about why healthy coral reefs are valuable to the people, fish, plants, and animals that depend on them. Your excitement will help others get involved.
149. ____ of all the ocean species find food and home in the coral reefs.
A. Two per cent
B. Seventy per cent
C. Twenty-five per cent
D. Nine per
cent
A
B
C
D
Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They are full of life, with perhaps one quarter of all ocean species depending on reefs for food and shelter. This is a remarkable statistic when you consider that reefs cover just a tiny fraction of the earth's surface and less than two per cent of the ocean bottom. Because they are so diverse, coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the ocean. Coral reefs are very important to people. They even provide seventy per cent of the food demands for some marine species, protection of shorelines, jobs based on tourism (nine out of twelve activities for tourists in Nha Trang, for example, involve the coral reefs), and even medicines.
Unfortunately, climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth's atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that these changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities.
As temperatures rise, mass coral bleaching events and infectious disease outbreaks are becoming more frequent. Additionally, carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the atmosphere has already begun
to reduce calcification rates in reef-building and reef-associated organisms by altering seawater chemistry through decreases in pH. This process is called ocean acidification.
Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns. When combined, all of these impacts dramatically alter ecosystem function, as well as the goods and services coral reef ecosystems provide to people around the globe.
There are also many things you can do to ensure that you are environmentally conscious when you visit coral reefs or coastal areas. These include things such as hiring local guides to support the economy, removing all trash from an area, never touching or harassing wildlife in reef areas, and avoiding dropping your boat anchor or chain nearby a coral reef.
Finally, stay informed and spread the word! Educate yourself about why healthy coral reefs are valuable to the people, fish, plants, and animals that depend on them. Your excitement will help others get involved.
152. The word conscious in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to .
A.knowledgeable B.curious C.aware D. acknowledgeable
A
B
C
D
Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They are full of life, with perhaps one quarter of all ocean species depending on reefs for food and shelter. This is a remarkable statistic when you consider that reefs cover just a tiny fraction of the earth's surface and less than two per cent of the ocean bottom. Because they are so diverse, coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the ocean. Coral reefs are very important to people. They even provide seventy per cent of the food demands for some marine species, protection of shorelines, jobs based on tourism (nine out of twelve activities for tourists in Nha Trang, for example, involve the coral reefs), and even medicines.
Unfortunately, climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth's atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that these changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities.
As temperatures rise, mass coral bleaching events and infectious disease outbreaks are becoming more frequent. Additionally, carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the atmosphere has already begun
to reduce calcification rates in reef-building and reef-associated organisms by altering seawater chemistry through decreases in pH. This process is called ocean acidification.
Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns. When combined, all of these impacts dramatically alter ecosystem function, as well as the goods and services coral reef ecosystems provide to people around the globe.
There are also many things you can do to ensure that you are environmentally conscious when you visit coral reefs or coastal areas. These include things such as hiring local guides to support the economy, removing all trash from an area, never touching or harassing wildlife in reef areas, and avoiding dropping your boat anchor or chain nearby a coral reef.
Finally, stay informed and spread the word! Educate yourself about why healthy coral reefs are valuable to the people, fish, plants, and animals that depend on them. Your excitement will help others get involved.
150. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere directly caused .
A. infectious disease outbreaks B. reef-building
C. sea level rise D. ocean acidification
A
B
C
D
The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25
countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 130,000 in the last decade. (A) The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2012, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.
They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable.
(C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 14 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.
“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.
153. The overall profit that the continent lost a year can be estimated to _.
A. 25 million USD B. 130,000 USD C. 26 million USD D. 9 million
USD
A
B
C
D
The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25
countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 130,000 in the last decade. (A) The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2012, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.
They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable.
(C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 14 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.
“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.
154. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. To get to the conclusion, scientists compared the changes in number of tourists and number
of elephants in 2009.
B. The only reason why illegal poaching is so difficult to stop is corruption.
C. Protecting elephants is for the both the practical and immaterial reasons.
D. There is an argument over the differences in the balance between the loss and the cost to protect the elephants.
A
B
C
D
The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25
countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 130,000 in the last decade. (A) The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2012, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.
They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable.
(C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 14 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.
“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.
156. Which of the positions marked in the passage does the phrase "but the financial argument did not
stack up in all areas,” best fit?
A. (A)
B. (B)
C. (C)
D. (D)
A
B
C
D
The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25
countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 130,000 in the last decade. (A) The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2012, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.
They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable.
(C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 14 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.
“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.
158. The word sophisticated in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .
A. simple B. outdated C. advanced D. basic
A
B
C
D
The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25
countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 130,000 in the last decade. (A) The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2012, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.
They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable.
(C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 14 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.
“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.
155. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Across the continent, the amount of money spent on protecting the elephant is smaller than
the loss tourist industry is suffering from.
B. The number of tourists reduces because now it is more difficult for them to see the elephants
in the wild.
C. One reason why elephants are killed in mass volume is from the increasing market of ivory
in South East Asia.
D. Relating poaching to financial benefits can be considered as one of the solutions to the
problem.
A
B
C
D
The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25
countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 130,000 in the last decade. (A) The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2012, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.
They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable.
(C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 14 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.
“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.
160. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Elephant poaching costs African millions in tourism revenue
B. Elephant poaching does more good than harm
C. Elephant poaching brings an opportunity for Africa to change
D. Elephant poaching reduces the number of elephants in Africa
A
B
C
D
The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25
countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 130,000 in the last decade. (A) The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2012, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.
They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable.
(C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 14 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.
“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.
157. The word plummet in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. fall B. fluctuate C. rise D. Stabilize
A
B
C
D
The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25
countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 130,000 in the last decade. (A) The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2012, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.
They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable.
(C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 14 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.
“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.
157. The word motivate in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to .
A. change B. design C. form D. inspire
A
B
C
D
