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Unit 4 Test: Rocks & Minerals Study Guide

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Rocks can be made from all of these EXCEPT for...

a)

soils

b)

plastic

c)

minerals

d)

organic material

2.

During the rock cycle, which process comes AFTER erosion?

a)

weathering

b)

heat & pressure

c)

deposition

d)

crystallization

3.

What causes sedimentary rocks to change into metamorphic rock?

a)

heat & pressure

b)

weathering & erosion

c)

cooling

d)

melting

4.

What changes metamorphic rock into igneous rock?

a)

heat & pressure

b)

compaction & compression

c)

weathering & erosion

d)

melting & crystallization

5.

Which statement BEST describes the rock cycle?

a)

Rocks can be moved from place to place on earth without changing.

b)

Rocks move in circles on earth as it rotates.

c)

Rocks are always changing, and any type of rock can be turned into another type of rock by natural processes.

d)

Sedimentary rocks may be remelted several times.

6.

Once the magma found at location E cools and crystallizes, it will...

a)

turn into lava

b)

form igneous rock

c)

sink back into Earth's deep interior

d)

form igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks

7.

This diagram shows one way rocks are formed. Which type of rock is formed by these processes?

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Metamorphic rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

d)

Crystal rock

8.

Which type of rock forms under high heat and pressure, but is not melted?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

d)

Volcanic

9.

Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Which type of rock would granite be?

a)

Lava stone

b)

Metamorphic rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

d)

Igneous rock

10.

A student looks at four unidentified rocks. She wrote a description of each rock under its picture. Which rock should the student classify as an igneous rock?

a)

Rock #1

b)

Rock #2

c)

Rock #3

d)

Rock #4

11.

Which type of rock can form if a rock is melted down before crystallizing?

a)

Mineral

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Sedimentary

12.

Which process can turn any rock into sediment?

a)

Heat & pressure

b)

Weathering & erosion

c)

Melting & cooling

d)

Compaction & cementation

13.

Which natural processes are happening at point D on this rock cycle diagram?

a)

Cooling & crystallization

b)

Heat & pressure

c)

Weathering & erosion

d)

Deposition, compaction, & cementation

14.

Which natural processes are happening at point E on this rock cycle diagram?

a)

Cooling & crystallization

b)

Heat & pressure

c)

Weathering & erosion

d)

Deposition, compaction, & cementation

15.

Which natural processes are happening at point A on this rock cycle diagram?

a)

Cooling & crystallization

b)

Heat & pressure

c)

Weathering & erosion

d)

Deposition, compaction, & cementation

16.

Which natural processes are happening at point B on this rock cycle diagram?

a)

Cooling & crystallization

b)

Heat & pressure

c)

Weathering & erosion

d)

Deposition, compaction, & cementation

17.

Which natural processes are happening at point C on this rock cycle diagram?

a)

Cooling & crystallization

b)

Heat & pressure

c)

Melting

d)

Deposition, compaction, & cementation

18.

How do geologists classify rocks?

a)

By how they are formed

b)

By how they look

c)

By the minerals that are in them

d)

By their density

19.

What is the difference between magma and lava?

a)

Magma is melted rock, but lava is melted crystals.

b)

Lava is hotter than magma.

c)

Magma makes metamorphic rocks, but lava makes igneous rocks.

d)

Lava is found on Earth's surface, but magma is found inside the Earth.

20.

True or False: When a rock has gone through every stage of the rock cycle, it is done changing.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

What is the difference between intrusive igneous rock and extrusive igneous rock?

a)

Intrusive igneous rocks form from sedimentary rocks, but extrusive igneous rocks form from metamorphic rocks.

b)

Extrusive igneous rocks show more crystals than intrusive igneous rocks.

c)

Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma inside the Earth, but extrusive igneous rocks form from lava on Earth's surface.

d)

Extrusive igneous rocks are glassy, but intrusive igneous rocks are dull.

22.

Which type of rock is most likely to contain fossils?

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Igneous

c)

Sedimetnary

d)

Mineral

23.

Luster is one of the physical properties that can be used to identify a mineral. A student finds a mineral that is shiny like polished metal. In which luster category does this mineral belong?

a)

dull

b)

glassy

c)

pearly

d)

metallic

24.

This picture shows a mineral sample being scratched by a copper penny. Which mineral property is being tested?

a)

color

b)

hardness

c)

streak

d)

luster

25.

The mineral muscovite breaks along a single plane to form flat sheets. What do we call this property of breaking along smooth, flat planes?

a)

cleavage

b)

fracture

c)

crystal structure

d)

hardness

26.

Meg's teacher asked her to do a scratch test to identify an unknown mineral. Meg discovers that feldspar can scratch the mineral, but fluorite cannot scratch it. Which mineral could it be?

a)

Calcite

b)

Apatite

c)

Quartz

d)

Gypsum

27.

What is the softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale?

a)

Gypsum

b)

Calcite

c)

Talc

d)

Fluorite

28.

Bill finds a mineral that has the color and luster of gold. He rubs the mineral on a tile and sees that its streak is greenish-black, meaning it's really pyrite. What was the test that Bill used to determine if he had found real gold?

a)

color test

b)

plate test

c)

streak test

d)

scratch test

29.

Mineral X is non-metallic and shows fracture. Scratch tests determine that its hardness is 7. The mineral is red, but the streak is white. What is Mineral X?

a)

Calcite

b)

Copper

c)

Galena

d)

Garnet

30.

Mineral Y is metallic and shows cleavage. Scratch tests determine that its hardness is 2.5. The mineral is silver, and the streak is dark gray. What is Mineral Y?

a)

Calcite

b)

Copper

c)

Galena

d)

Garnet

31.

Which of these is an example of a sedimentary rock?

a)

b)

c)

d)

32.

Which of these is an example of an igneous rock?

a)

b)

c)

d)

33.

Which of these is an example of a sedimentary rock?

a)

b)

c)

d)

34.

Which of these is an example of a metamorphic rock?

a)

b)

c)

d)

35.

Which of these is an example of a metamorphic rock?

a)

b)

c)

d)

36.

Which of these is an example of an igneous rock?

a)

b)

c)

d)

37.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
38.

Hardness is...

a)

A mineral's resistance to being scratched

b)

A mineral breaks into smooth, flat planes

c)

A mineral breaks into uneven, irregular patterns

d)

The color of a mineral in its powdered form

39.

Streak is...

a)

A mineral's resistance to being scratched

b)

A mineral breaks into smooth, flat planes

c)

A mineral breaks into uneven, irregular patterns

d)

The color of a mineral in its powdered form

40.

Cleavage is...

a)

A mineral's resistance to being scratched

b)

A mineral breaks into smooth, flat planes

c)

A mineral breaks into uneven, irregular patterns

d)

The color of a mineral in its powdered form

41.

Fracture is...

a)

A mineral's resistance to being scratched

b)

A mineral breaks into smooth, flat planes

c)

A mineral breaks into uneven, irregular patterns

d)

The color of a mineral in its powdered form

42.

Luster is...

a)

Most easily observed property, but unreliable for identification

b)

How a mineral reflects light

c)

The outward shape of a mineral determined by the arrangement of atoms

d)

The color of a mineral in its powdered form

43.

Crystal structure is...

a)

Most easily observed property, but unreliable for identification

b)

How a mineral reflects light

c)

The outward shape of a mineral determined by the arrangement of atoms

d)

The color of a mineral in its powdered form

44.

Color is...

a)

Most easily observed property, but unreliable for identification

b)

How a mineral reflects light

c)

The outward shape of a mineral determined by the arrangement of atoms

d)

The color of a mineral in its powdered form

45.

Which of these minerals is metallic?

a)

b)

c)

d)

46.

Which of these minerals is NON-metallic?

a)

b)

c)

d)

47.

Which of these minerals is an example of fracture, with jagged, irregular edges?

a)

b)

c)

d)

48.

Which of these minerals is an example of cleavage, with smooth, flat planes?

a)

b)

c)

d)

49.

Igneous rocks are formed when...

a)

magma cools and hardens

b)

layers of sediment are packed and hardened

c)

they are exposed to heat and pressure

d)

weathering and erosion breaks a rock into tiny pieces

50.

Metamorphic rocks are formed when...

a)

magma cools and hardens

b)

layers of sediment are packed and hardened

c)

they are exposed to heat and pressure

d)

weathering and erosion breaks a rock into tiny pieces

51.

Sedimentary rocks are formed when...

a)

magma cools and hardens

b)

layers of sediment are packed and hardened

c)

they are exposed to heat and pressure

d)

weathering and erosion breaks a rock into tiny pieces

52.

These processes form a sedimentary rock. What process is happening at A on the diagram?

a)

compaction

b)

cementation

c)

weathering & erosion

d)

deposition

53.

These processes form a sedimentary rock. What process is happening at B on the diagram?

a)

compaction

b)

cementation

c)

weathering & erosion

d)

deposition

54.

These processes form a sedimentary rock. What process is happening at C on the diagram?

a)

compaction

b)

cementation

c)

weathering & erosion

d)

deposition

55.

These processes form a sedimentary rock. What process is happening at D on the diagram?

a)

compaction

b)

cementation

c)

weathering & erosion

d)

deposition

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