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Nuerons

Total questions: 97

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

major functions of the nervous system are

a)

sensory input, integration, motor input

b)
digesting food, producing hormones, regulating body temperature
c)
filtering blood, producing energy, maintaining bone density
d)
transporting oxygen, regulating blood pressure, producing antibodies
2.

sensory input is

a)

sensory receptors and internal and external changes

b)
thoughts generated by our senses
c)
emotions experienced by our senses
d)
data collected from our senses
3.

integration in the nervous system is..

a)

processing and interpretation

b)
Regulating the body's internal functions through the endocrine system.
c)
Storing and retrieving memories in the nervous system.
d)
Processing and transmitting electrical signals in the brain.
4.

motor output in the nervous system is..

a)

processing and interpretation

b)
Regulating the body's internal functions through the endocrine system.
c)

Activation of effector organs, muscles and glands, and produces a response

d)
Processing and transmitting electrical signals in the brain.
5.

What structures make up the central nervous system

a)

Brain

b)

Spinal nerves

c)

Cranial Nerves

d)

Ganglia

e)

Spinal cord

6.

What structures make up the Peripheral nervous system

a)

Brain

b)

Spinal nerves

c)

Cranial Nerves

d)

Ganglia

e)

Spinal cord

7.

Afferent is another word for...

a)
central
b)
sensory
c)
efferent
d)
motor
8.

Efferent is another word for...

a)
central
b)
sensory
c)
efferent
d)
motor
9.

Efferent (motor) division function

a)

Carrying signals from the central nervous system to the peripheral tissues and systems

b)
Receiving signals from the muscles and glands
c)
Controlling sensory functions
d)
Transmitting signals within the central nervous system
10.

Efferent (motor) division function

a)

Carrying signals from the central nervous system to the peripheral tissues and systems

b)
Receiving signals from the muscles and glands
c)
Controlling sensory functions
d)

Transmitting signals to the central nervous system from receptors in peripheral tissues and organs

11.

Somatic nerve fibers innervate (supply with nerves)

a)

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue

b)

skeletal muscles

c)
blood vessels and nerves
d)
organs and glands
12.

What do the autonomic nerve fibers innervate (supply with nerves)

a)

Skeletal Muscles

b)

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue

c)
Bones, joints, and tendons
d)
Blood vessels and arteries
13.

What are the two principal cell types in the nervous system

a)
neurons and glial cells
b)
skin cells and hair cells
c)
muscle cells and bone cells
d)
red blood cells and white blood cells
14.

neuroglia is what type of cell

a)

Glial cell

b)
Muscle cell
c)
Nerve cell
15.

neuron is what type of cell

a)

Glial cell

b)
Muscle cell
c)
Nerve cell
16.

what is a neuron (nerve cell)

a)

excitable cell that transmit electrical signals

b)

support cells

c)

immune cells

d)

spinal cells

17.

what is a neuroglia (glial cell)

a)

excitable cell that transmit electrical signals

b)

support cells

c)

immune cells

d)

spinal cells

18.

grey

a)

dendtrites

b)

axon

c)

soma (body)

d)

myelin sheath

e)

axon terminal

19.

brown

a)

dendtrites

b)

axon

c)

soma (body)

d)

myelin sheath

e)

axon terminal

20.

blue

a)

dendtrites

b)

axon

c)

soma (body)

d)

myelin sheath

e)

axon terminal

21.

purple

a)

dendtrites

b)

axon

c)

soma (body)

d)

myelin sheath

e)

axon terminal

22.

red

a)

axon hillock

b)

axon

c)

soma (body)

d)

myelin sheath

e)

axon terminal

23.

yellow

a)

axon hillock

b)

axon

c)

soma (body)

d)

myelin sheath

e)

axon terminal

24.

receive information (have ligend gated channels)

a)

dendtrites

b)

axon terminal

c)

axon

d)

myelin sheath

e)

soma

25.

This is where the electrical message is changed to a chemical signal using neurotransmitters to communicate with the next group of nerve cells, muscle cells …

a)

dendtrites

b)

axon terminal

c)

axon

d)

myelin sheath

e)

soma

26.

fatty-protein coating that wraps around the long fibers of nerve cells

a)

dendtrites

b)

axon terminal

c)

axon

d)

myelin sheath

e)

soma

27.

the long fibers of nerve cells

a)

dendtrites

b)

axon terminal

c)

axon

d)

myelin sheath

e)

soma

28.

axon potential start at the ____ all the way down the axon (voltage gated channels)

a)

axon terminal

b)

axon hillock

c)

soma

d)

myelin sheeth

29.

what are the 4 types of neuroglia cells in the central nervous system

a)
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells
b)
neurons, Schwann cells, satellite cells, and myelin sheath
c)
dendrites, axons, synapses, and neurotransmitters
d)
white matter, gray matter, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood-brain barrier
30.

astrocytes (CNS)

a)

support and brace neurons, form blood and brain barrier, secretes fluid, feeds neurons

b)

defense cells

c)

creates spinal fluid, line the central cavities in the brain

d)

forms myelin sheaths, secretes it

31.

Microglial (CNS)

a)

support and brace neurons, form blood and brain barrier, secretes fluid, feeds neurons

b)

defense cells

c)

creates spinal fluid, line the central cavities in the brain

d)

forms myelin sheaths, secretes it

32.

Ependymal (CNS)

a)

support and brace neurons, form blood and brain barrier, secretes fluid, feeds neurons

b)

defense cells

c)

creates spinal fluid, line the central cavities in the brain

d)

forms myelin sheaths, secretes it

33.

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

a)

support and brace neurons, form blood and brain barrier, secretes fluid, feeds neurons

b)

defense cells

c)

creates spinal fluid, line the central cavities in the brain

d)

forms myelin sheaths, secretes it

34.

What are the 2 types of neuroglia cells of the Peripheral nervous system?

a)
Neurons and myelin sheaths
b)
Schwann cells and satellite cells
c)
Astrocytes and microglia
d)
Oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells
35.

Satellite (PNS)

a)

supports and surrounds cell body to protect and feed

b)

form myelin sheaths, vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

c)

defensive cells

d)

support and brace neurons

36.

Schwann (PNS)

a)

supports and surrounds cell body to protect and feed

b)

form myelin sheaths, vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

c)

defensive cells

d)

support and brace neurons

37.

define nuclei

a)

cell bodies groupings (grey matter) in cns

b)

cell bodies groupings (grey matter) in pns

c)

bundles of neuron myelinated axons in cns

d)

bundles of neuron myelinated axons in pns

38.

define ganglia

a)

cell bodies groupings (grey matter) in cns

b)

cell bodies groupings (grey matter) in pns

c)

bundles of neuron myelinated axons in cns

d)

bundles of neuron myelinated axons in pns

39.

define tracts

a)

cell bodies groupings (grey matter) in cns

b)

cell bodies groupings (grey matter) in pns

c)

bundles of neuron myelinated axons in cns

d)

bundles of neuron myelinated axons in pns

40.

define nerves

a)

white matter lipid sacs

b)

cell bodies groupings (grey matter) in pns

c)

bundles of neuron myelinated axons in cns

d)

bundles of neuron myelinated axons in pns

41.

define myelin

a)

cell bodies groupings (grey matter) in cns

b)

cell bodies groupings (grey matter) in pns

c)

bundles of neuron myelinated axons in cns

d)

white matter lipid sacs

42.

protection of neuron, speeds up nerve/electrical impulses between neuron, insulate axon through axon terminal

a)

myelin

b)

axon

c)

axon terminal

d)

axon hillock

43.

what is the disease process where myelin is broken down in the cns

a)

multiple sclerosis

b)
neuronal apoptosis
c)
inflammation
d)
neurodegeneration
44.

numbness, tingling, dizziness, vision problems, walking difficulties, weakness

a)

multiple sclerosis

b)

membrane potential

c)

action potential

d)

myelin

45.

sodium (Na+) is a

a)

Cation

b)

Anion

46.

Chloride (Cl-) is a

a)

Cation

b)

Anion

47.

Protein(A-) is a

a)

Cation

b)

Anion

48.

Potassium (K+) is a

a)

Cation

b)

Anion

49.

the voltage of cell, always at -70 mV (resting), the flow of ions across the cell membrane

a)

membrane protential

b)

action potential

c)

graded potential

d)

soma

50.

start at the axon terminal, goes all the way down axon, highspeed, all or none, constant applitude

a)

membrane protential

b)

action potential

c)

graded potential

d)

soma

51.

They decrease in strength as they spread out from the point of origin, Stimulus strength proportional to the voltage channels, Larger stimulus, greater potential

a)

membrane protential

b)

action potential

c)

graded potential

d)

soma

52.

greater extracellular

a)

A-

b)

Cl-

c)

Na+

d)

K+

53.

greater intracellular

a)

A-

b)

Cl-

c)

Na+

d)

K+

54.

A (proteins) charge

a)

+1 cations

b)

-1 anions

55.

Na charge

a)

+1 cations

b)

-1 anions

56.

K charge

a)

+1 cations

b)

-1 anions

57.

closed at all times, unless stimulated

a)

leaky ion channels

b)

gated ion channels

58.

types of gated ion channels

a)

leaky ion channels

b)

chemically (ligand) channels

c)

voltage channels

d)

mechanically channels

59.

responds to specific channel (acytocholine gated channels)

a)

leaky ion channels

b)

chemically (ligand) channels

c)

voltage channels

d)

mechanically channels

60.

responds to change in membrane potential

a)

leaky ion channels

b)

chemically (ligand) channels

c)

voltage channels

d)

mechanically channels

61.

responds to physical deformation

a)

leaky ion channels

b)

chemically (ligand) channels

c)

voltage channels

d)

mechanically channels

62.

channels are always open, makes a membrane permeable, allows Na+ and K+ to pass

a)

leaky ion channels

b)

chemically (ligand) channels

c)

voltage channels

d)

mechanically channels

63.

voltage gated sodium channels opens at ___ and closes at ____

a)

-55mV, +30mV

b)

+30mV, -90mV

c)

+66mV, -30mV

d)

55mV, -30mV

64.

voltage gated potassium channels opens at ___ and closes at ____

a)

-55mV, +30mV

b)

+30mV, -90mV

c)

+66mV, -30mV

d)

55mV, -30mV

65.

a charger ion needs a ___ to cross

a)

protein channel

b)

sodium channel

c)

potassium channel

d)

Atpase

66.

adpase

a)

grabs 3 sodium inside cell and pushes 2 potassium outside cell

b)

grabs 2 sodium inside the cell, pushes 3 potassium out

c)

grabs 3 potassium inside the cell, pushes 2 sodium out

d)

grabs 2 potassium inside the cell, pushes 3 sodium out

67.

Reorder the following Chemical Synapses

a)

AP arrives at axon terminal of presynaptic neuron

b)

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open (Ca2+ enters axon terminal)

c)

Ca2+ entry causes synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitter

d)

Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific
receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

e)

Binding of neurotransmitter opens ion chemically-gated channels, creating
graded potentials, Neurotransmitter effects are terminated

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
68.

what does selectiveness of an ion channels mean

a)
The selectiveness of an ion channel refers to its ability to allow only positively charged ions to pass through.
b)
The selectiveness of an ion channel refers to its ability to allow all ions to pass through without any discrimination.
c)
The selectiveness of an ion channel refers to its ability to allow certain ions to pass through while excluding others based on their size, charge, and other properties.
d)
The selectiveness of an ion channel refers to its ability to allow only negatively charged ions to pass through.
69.

describe each phase of Action potential and what happens during each phase

a)

The phases of action potential are resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and polarization.

b)

The phases of action potential are resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and polarization.

c)
The phases of action potential are resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization.
d)

The phases of action potential are resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and potential.

70.

Reorder the following AP Phases

a)

resting membrane potential, 3 proteins responsible for maintaining, leaky potassium, leaky sodium & ADPase

b)

Stimulating ligand gated channels, starting to depolarize (Absolute refractory period) NO way to start action potential again rn

c)

At threshold, -55mV, voltage gated sodium channels open, sodium in, depolarizes cell

d)

Voltage gated sodium channels close at +30mV, Voltage gated calcium channels open, more inside flowing out, + outside cell repolaring, inside negative until -90mV (relative refractory period), then closes, hyperpolarization

e)

Leaky channels and ADPase returns it to resting state

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
71.

What is synaptic potentiation?

a)
The strengthening of the connection between two neurons at a synapse.
b)
The transmission of electrical signals between neurons.
c)
The process of creating new neurons in the brain.
d)
The weakening of the connection between two neurons at a synapse.
72.

Match the following

a)

presynaptic cell

1.

more NT

b)

post synaptic cell

2.

more receptors

c)

synaptic potentiation

3.

repeated use increases ability

d)

long term potentiation

4.

learning and memory

73.

Match the following neural pools

a)

allows 1 neuron to communicate with many other neurons

1.

divergence

b)

many neurons to communicate with one neuron

2.

convergence

c)

information is sent in a step wise fashion from one neural pool to another

3.

serial processing

d)

several neural pools processing same information simultaneously

4.

parallel processing

e)

collateral beaches of axons somewhere

5.

reverberation

74.

Match the following

a)

• Sends information
• Signal always toward synapse
• Neuron

1.

presynaptic neuron

b)

• Receives information
• Signal away from synapse
• In PNS may be a
1. neuron
2. muscle cell
3. gland cell

2.

postsynaptic neuron

c)

• A region where an axon terminal communicated with its postsynaptic target cell

3.

Synapse

75.

resting membrane potential

a)

+70mV

b)

-70mV

c)

-90mV

d)

-55mV

76.

What are graded potentials

a)
Graded potentials are small changes in the membrane potential of a neuron that can either depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell.
b)
Graded potentials are only found in motor neurons.
c)
Graded potentials are only found in sensory neurons.
d)
Graded potentials are large changes in the membrane potential of a neuron.
77.

difference between IPSP and EPSP

a)
IPSP and EPSP are both excitatory potentials
b)
The difference between IPSP and EPSP is that IPSP inhibits the generation of an action potential, while EPSP promotes the generation of an action potential.
c)
IPSP and EPSP are both inhibitory potentials
d)
IPSP and EPSP have the same effect on the generation of an action potential
78.

Voltage gated sodium channels open during...

a)

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

b)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

79.

depolarization decreases action potential

a)

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

b)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

80.

hyperpolarization decreases action potential

a)

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

b)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

81.

drives neuron away from action potential threshold

a)

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

b)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

82.

brings neuron closer to action potential threshold

a)

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

b)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

83.

what is a synapse

a)
A synapse is a chemical substance that helps transmit nerve signals.
b)
A synapse is a type of cell found in the brain.
c)
A synapse is a type of muscle in the body.
d)
A synapse is a junction between two nerve cells that allows them to communicate with each other.
84.

Voltage gated chloride channels open during...

a)

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

b)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

85.

inside becomes more negative

a)

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

b)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

86.

inside becomes less negative

a)

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

b)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

87.

2 simulataneous stimuliat different locations causing EPSPs that add together, suttle stimulus, firing same time, multiple presynaptic neurons releasing neurotransmitters (soft light sun)

a)

Temporal Summation

b)

Spatial Summation

88.

2excitatory stimuli close in time causing EPSPs that add together, strong stimulus, firing frequently, 1 presynaptic neurons releasing a lot of neurotransmitters (harsh light over darkness)

a)

Temporal Summation

b)

Spatial Summation

89.

Reorder the following Phases of Action Potential

a)

-70mV

b)

Graded potentials (chem) signal opens /enters Voltage gated Sodium channels at -55mV (threshold) by sodium coming in (absolute refractory period) EPSP

c)

Depolarizes to +30, closes

d)

Voltage gated potassium channels open at +30, exciting to -90 and closes (relative refractory period) IPSP

e)

Leaky potassium/sodium channels establishing equilibrium

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
90.

Time from opening of Na+ channels until resetting of channels, ensures that each AP is an "all of none" event, enforces one-way transmission of nerve impulses

a)

absolute refractory period

b)

relative refractory period

c)

Conduction velocity

d)

One way propagation

91.

Most Na+ channels have returned to their resting state, some K+ channels still open, repolarization is still occuring, threshold for AP generation is elevated, only exceptionally strong stimulus could stimulate an AP

a)

absolute refractory period

b)

relative refractory period

c)

Conduction velocity

d)

One way propagation

92.

what does the "all or none" principal mean?

a)
When a neuron fires, it only does so partially regardless of the intensity of the stimulus.
b)
When a neuron fires, it does so at a slower speed depending on the intensity of the stimulus.
c)
When a neuron fires, it does so at full strength regardless of the intensity of the stimulus.
d)
When a neuron fires, it only does so when the stimulus is extremely intense.
93.

how is the "all or none" principal related to one-way propagation principal and the same strength principal of action potentials?

a)
The 'all or none' principle is only related to the same strength principle of action potentials.
b)
The 'all or none' principle is only related to the one-way propagation principle of action potentials.
c)
The 'all or none' principle is not related to the one-way propagation principle and the same strength principle of action potentials.
d)

Always starts at the axon hillocks and ends at axon terminal, AP is self propagation (spreading)

94.

how are action potentials coded?

a)
Action potentials are coded through the release of neurotransmitters.
b)
Action potentials are coded through depolarization and repolarization of the cell membrane.
c)
Action potentials are coded through hyperpolarization and depolarization of the cell membrane.
d)
Action potentials are coded through the activation of ion channels in the cytoplasm.
95.

what two factors affect the conduction velocity of an action potential?

a)
amount of neurotransmitters and synaptic vesicles
b)
number of dendrites and synaptic connections
c)
temperature and pH level
d)
diameter of the axon and presence or absence of myelin sheath
96.

continuous conduction versus saltatory conduction?

a)
Continuous conduction refers to conduction along myelinated axons, while saltatory conduction refers to conduction along unmyelinated axons.
b)
Continuous conduction refers to conduction in the peripheral nervous system, while saltatory conduction refers to conduction in the central nervous system.
c)
Continuous conduction refers to conduction along unmyelinated axons, while saltatory conduction refers to conduction along myelinated axons.
d)
Continuous conduction refers to conduction in the sensory neurons, while saltatory conduction refers to conduction in the motor neurons.
97.

Match the following fiber classifications, B&C groups include Autonomic nervous system visceral moter and sensory fibers

a)

Largest diameter, myelinated, somatic sensory and motor (~300mph)

1.

Group A

b)

Intermediate diameter, lightly myelinated, transmit a 15m/s (~30mph)

2.

Group B

c)

Smallest diameter, unmyelinated, transmit at 1m/s (~2mph)

3.

Group C

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