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Landforms, Sedimentary Rocks, and Fossil Fuels

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which formation process do most sedimentary rocks follow?

a)

cementation, compaction, deposition, erosion

b)

erosion, compaction, cementation, deposition

c)

erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

2.
When an agent of erosion loses energy, it drops sediments:
a)
Desalination
b)
Disagregation
c)
Deposition
d)
Delimination
3.

Which layer is the oldest?

a)

siltstone

b)

conglomerate

c)

limestone

d)

mudstone

4.

Sedimentary rocks are formed because of

a)

compaction and cementation

b)

compaction and compression

c)

compression and pressure

d)

heat and cementation

5.

What are tiny bits of minerals called?

a)

cedar

b)

rock stuff

c)

cement

d)

sediment

6.

What makes sediment?

a)

pieces of rock, sand, and dirt

b)

pieces of glitter

c)

pieces of plaster of Paris

d)

pieces of pumpkin pie

7.

Which diagram models compaction?

a)
b)
c)
d)
8.
a)

Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock.

b)

The weight of the water compacts the sediment into rock.

c)

Changing water temperatures turn sand in the sediment into rock.

d)

Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock.

9.

Deposition is

a)

When slowing water lays down sediments to form beds

b)

Squeezing of sediment grains together by the weight of sediments above

c)

Precipitation of minerals that "glue" the sediment grains together

d)

When tectonic plate movement raises buried rocks up to the surface

10.

What is the process of moving sediments from location to another?

a)

Deposition

b)

Erosion

c)

Weathering

d)

Compaction

11.

The process by which rocks are broken down

a)

Weathering

b)

Deposition

c)

Erosion

d)

Sedimentation

12.

The process in which wind, water, ice or gravity transport rock fragments from one location to another

a)

Weathering

b)

Sedimentation

c)

Erosion

d)

Deposition

13.

The process in which sediment settles out (drops to the bottom) of the water or wind that is carrying it

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Sedimentation

d)

Deposition

14.
What is the correct order of making and dropping off of sediments?
a)
weathering, erosion, deposition 
b)
erosion, weathering, deposition
c)
weathering, deposition , erosion
15.

How does sediment build up?

a)

day by day

b)

row by row

c)

layer by layer

d)

slice by slice

16.

This process "glues" the particles of sediment together:

a)

cementation

b)

compaction

c)

calcification

d)

weathering

17.
What are the three fossil fuels that form in sedimentary rock?
a)
solar, oil
b)
coal and oil
c)
coal, oil, natural gas
18.
The diagram shows layers of sedimentary rock and examples of the fossils each layer contains, Which layer contains the oldest fossils? 
a)
A. Layer 2
b)
B. Layer 4
c)
C. Layer 1
d)
D. Layer 3
19.

________ is fuel formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago

a)

Fossil Fuel

b)

Coal

c)

Fossil

d)

Paleontologist

20.

The picture shows rock layers next to a road. Layer 3 most likely formed in which of these environments?

a)

Desert

b)

Forest

c)

Ocean

d)

Tundra

21.

What is the correct order of the rock layers from oldest to youngest?

a)

A, B, C, D, E, F

b)

F, E, C, D, B, A

c)

F, E, D, C, B, A

d)

A, B, C, E, D, F

22.

The diagram represents the layers found inside a rocky cliff. The rock layers contain fossils. Which of the following layers of rock is most likely the youngest?

a)

The layer containing trilobites

b)

The layer containing aphibians

c)

The layer containing mammals

d)

The layer containing fishes

23.

Which layer of rock is the oldest?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

24.

Fossil trees were discovered in a sedimentary rock layer. In the rock layer below are fossils of clams, similar to clams found on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. Based on this evidence, we could conclude that the area where the fossils were discovered had what environments in the past?

a)

Sea followed by Forest

b)

Forest and later than a mountain

c)

Forest followed by Beach

d)

Tundra followed by forest

25.

This table gives information on different fossils. According to the information in the table, finding which fossil in a region would lead to the conclusion that the area was, long ago, covered in trees?

a)

Snail Shell

b)

Scorpion

c)

Dragonfly

d)

Millipede

26.

This rock contains fossils of water plants and shells. What does this tell us about the rock?

a)

The rock contains many living things

b)

The rock was once in the middle of the forest

c)

The rock is heavier than most rocks

d)

The rock was once at the bottom of the sea

27.

How long does it take decaying organisms to transform into fossil fuels?

a)

10 years

b)

100 years

c)

Thousands of years

d)

Millions of years

28.

a natural, non-renewable fossil fuel such as coal, oil, or natural gas, formed over millions of years from the remains of living organisms

a)

Fossil Fuels

b)

Organic Matter

c)

Sedimentary Rock

d)

Pressure

29.

Which one shows the steps in order to form a Sedimentary Rock?

a)

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction

b)

Weathering, Erosion, Compation, Cementation

c)

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

d)

Weathering, Deposition, Erosion, Compation, & Cementation

30.

What causes the compaction & cementation steps for the formation of a sedimentary rock?

a)

Heat from sun

b)

Heat from inside Earth & pressure from layers above over millions of years

c)

Time

d)

They just randomly happen

31.
Which layer formed first?
a)
Rock Layer W
b)
Rock Layer X
c)
Rock Layer Y
d)
Rock Layer Z
32.

Several layers of sedimentary rock are illustrated. They are in the same order as when they first formed. Which layer formed first?

a)

Rock Layer A

b)

Rock Layer B

c)

Rock Layer C

d)

Rock Layer E

33.

Oil formation occurs where, millions of years ago, there were large oceans. This is because oceans have –

a)

waves that are constantly moving.

b)

great numbers of tiny marine animals.

c)

currents that mix the water thoroughly.

d)

deep caverns where no light can reach.

34.

Oil formation starts when organisms in the ocean die and then –

a)

get eaten by larger organisms that receive their energy.

b)

are carried by currents all over the planet.

c)

decay completely so that their matter is recycled.

d)

settle to the bottom and are buried in sediments.

35.

The diagram shows layers deposited under bodies of water. This layering continued for millions of years. What most likely happen to the dead plants and animals?

a)

They were eaten by scavengers.

b)

They became fossil fuels.

c)

They were washed away by water.

d)

They became underground aquifer.

36.

Which diagram models the process of compaction leading to the formation of sedimentary rock?

a)
b)
c)
d)
37.

Which list contains only processes that must occur in order for fossil fuels to form?

a)

Formation of faults, burial, glacial formation

b)

Organism growth, burial, volcanic activity

c)

Organism growth, burial, compaction

d)

Erosion, burial, earthquakes

38.

The model shows a process that took place over time. Which process will this most likely represent?

a)

The erosion of a coastline

b)

The deposition of sediments

c)

The weathering of a mountain

d)

The formation of a sea

39.

If looking at layers of sediment in the Earth, which layer is the youngest?

a)

the top

b)

the middle

c)

the bottom

d)

second to the top

40.

What processes happen inside the Earth when making sedimentary rocks?

a)

weathering

b)

deposition

c)

increased pressure, compaction and cementation

d)

erosion

41.

Where was natural gas and oil formed?

a)

bottom of rivers

b)

bottom of lakes

c)

bottom of swamps

d)

bottom of oceans

42.

Coal was formed where?

a)

lakes

b)

swamps

c)

rivers

d)

oceans

43.

Cementation is part of the sedimentary rock process that helps "glue" sediments together?

a)

true

b)

false

44.

To make a sedimentary rock it takes ...?

a)

weeks

b)

months

c)

days

d)

thousands to millions of years

45.

What is compaction in the sedimentary rock process?

a)

moving

b)

sticking

c)

squeezing

d)

heating

46.

Oil and natural gas are formed from decayed what?

a)

plants

b)

animals and plants

c)

animals

d)

teeth

47.
A glacier moving down a mountain might create which of these landforms?
a)
Canyon
b)
U-Shaped Valley
c)
Delta
d)
Sand Dune
48.
the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by wind, water, and ice
a)
erosion
b)
weathering
c)
deposition
d)
sediments
49.
the movement of sediment by wind, water, and ice
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
c)
deposition
d)
sediments
50.
soil deposited at the mouth of a river
a)
river
b)
valley
c)
delta
d)
canyon
51.
a large mass of slow moving ice that carves new features and deposits sediments
a)
mountain
b)
delta
c)
glacier
d)
u-shaped valley
52.
a valley between steep cliff sides formed by running water such as a river
a)
u-shaped valley
b)
mountain
c)
delta
d)
canyon
53.
a valley carved by a slow moving glacier 
a)
canyon
b)
river
c)
u-shaped valley
d)
delta
54.

This landform is formed by

a)

water erosion

b)

weathering

c)

deposition of sediments

d)

glaciers

55.

Focus on the dip between mountains

a)

Peak

b)

River

c)

Mountain

d)

Valley

56.

Heat and _____________ transformed living things into fossil fuels.

a)

pressure

b)

air

c)

gas

d)

water

57.

Fossil fuels are a _______________________.

a)

renewable resource

b)

unknown resource

c)

nonrenewable resource

d)

new resource

58.
What must be present for Fossil Fuels to form?
a)
Bones and Sediment
b)
Dead Organisms and Layers of Sediment
c)
Dead Organisms, Layers of Sediment, and Heat & Pressure over time
d)
Bones, Layers of Sediment, and Heat & Pressure over time
59.

Which of the following correctly completes the Sedimentary Rock Cycle?

a)

A = Compaction, B = Erosion, C = Cementation

b)

A = Erosion, B = Compaction, C = Cementation

c)

A = Cementation, B = Compaction, C = Erosion

d)

A = Erosion, B = Cementation, C = Compaction

60.
This fossil record has many shells.  This evidence helps you infer that.....
Look closely at answer choices- TRICKY!
a)
there was never an ocean here
b)
land was here first then ocean
c)
an ocean used to be here for a long time
d)
ocean was here for a short time
61.

Coal was formed ______.

a)

under ancient seas.

b)

in swamps and marshes.

c)

in caves.

d)

under oceans.

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