Look at the diagram of the food web. The arrows means “eaten by.”

What will happen if the number of snakes goes down?

The Great Lakes region is a major source of fresh water and home to a diverse group of plants and animals. Which of these factors could disturb the stability of the ecosystem?

algae → water flea → small fish → big fish

Use the food chain to answer the question.

What would MOST LIKELY happen to the population of the water flea if the algae decreased?

The formula for logistic growth rate is shown above. A population of salmon has a carrying capacity of 2500 in a small fishery. What will occur when the population reaches 3000 for the salmon?

Loggerhead sea turtles make nests on Georgia’s barrier island beaches. Their numbers are quickly decreasing due to changes in their habitat. The graph above shows the number of nests from the north end of one beach to the south end.

N = North

Mid = Center of Island

S = South

Based on the graph, what conclusion can be made about loggerhead sea turtles and their habitat?

Developers is Florida are building a new theme park that includes several tropical gardens. Their goal is that the gardens become self-sustaining through good conservation practices. They have taken into account the carrying capacity of the gardens, the food webs, niches, and interspecific competition of the species they plan to include. The last task is to design the lay-out of the garden habitats within the park.

According to island theory, which layout is BEST and why?

Biodiversity can be measured by the number and relative abundance of species in an ecosystem. Select the statement that best addresses a solution to the issue of loss of biodiversity in a North American ecosystem.

The image above is of a kelp bed. In ideal conditions, kelp can grow up to 18 inches per day. In stark contrast to the slow-growing corals, the giant kelp canopies tower above the ocean floor. Like trees in a forest, these giant algae provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species. Storms and weather events, like El Niño, can tear and dislodge the kelp, leaving a tattered forest to begin its growth again each spring. Sea otters and sea urchins play critical roles in the stable equilibrium of this ecosystem. Sea urchins graze kelp and may reach population densities large enough to destroy kelp forests at the rate of 30 feet per month. Urchins move in herds, and enough urchins may remain in the location of a former kelp forest to stop any regrowth.

In the scenario above, identify the keystone and foundation species. Infer what might happen if the keystone species were greatly reduced.

Review the desert food web above. What organism, absent in the web, would be MOST responsible for recycling organic matter back through the food web?

An ecological pyramid is sometimes used to show both the flow of matter and energy in an ecosystem. The pyramid narrows as matter and energy flow from the bottom to the top. Draw a conclusion about what this pyramid tells you about the energy in this ecosystem.

In a typical energy pyramid about 10% of the available energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. Consider an area in which the energy production of the autotrophs equals 200 Kcal/m²/year. What is the amount of energy available to secondary consumers in this energy pyramid?

Review the image of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is an important element needed for plant growth. What living organism plays a big role in adding atmospheric nitrogen to the soil?

The process of respiration is essential in the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle. Respiration removes ______ from the atmosphere and produces and releases ______ to the atmosphere.

This food chain is incomplete. Two groups of organisms are missing.

One group of organisms that are missing are the producers. These are plants. They turn sunlight into chemical energy.

Evaluate the model to determine the other missing group and explain their role in the food chain.

Biologists in Louisiana have become concerned about cadmium levels in the water near New Orleans and the probability that frogs will die out. They performed an experiment on bullfrog tadpoles to determine how toxic cadmium is to bullfrogs.

Suppose a small river with a population of 10,000 frogs becomes polluted with cadmium to a level of 3 mg per gallon per day. About how many bullfrogs would be expected to die?

To test acidity levels of water, scientists test pH. As acid rain falls, the pH level of the water in lakes and streams decreases. While certain animals can tolerate low pH levels, others are extremely sensitive to the effects of acid rain and cannot live under these conditions. Candice is working on a project to determine whether acid rain is causing a decrease in the number of bass and mayflies in a lake in her hometown. Candice takes a sample of the pH level of the lake, and she finds that the pH level is 5.4. What might Candice predict as a result of her findings?

A changing climate has strong implications for biodiversity. Studies of fossil and pollen distribution show that species are very sensitive to climate changes. When the climate changes, species often die out in their present areas and colonize new areas. Therefore, as the climate changes in the future, there will be disruption of natural communities and extinction of populations and species.

Which of these environmental changes would most affect the arctic polar bears survival?

Coral reefs are among the world's richest ecosystems, second only to tropical rain forests. Like the tropical rainforest, the coral reef ecosystem is in danger. Coral is being harmed by all BUT ONE of the following.

According to the graph, what abiotic factor influences tadpole survival?

In 1859, two dozen rabbits were introduced to Australia. By 1953, there were an estimated one billion rabbits in Australia. The addition of the rabbits to this established ecosystem caused many problems, including a huge decrease in native plants. This left little food for native animals. Evaluate the effects of the introduction of the rabbits on the ecosystem.

A simplified food chain and its corresponding food web are shown here. These species are commonly found in deciduous forests of the Southeastern United States. A homeowner in South Carolina, whose house and yard are adjacent to native tree stands, applies a fungicide to the area of his yard and the surrounding area. The fungicide kills fungi and prevents their reproduction. His neighbor advises against this practice and states that the yard and his garden will perform better without the fungicide. Defend the neighbor's statement with accurate justification.

Conservation biology supports all but one of the following practices.

This chart shows the annual catch statistics for the red grouper for the state of North Carolina during the 1990’s. Red grouper begin their lives as females, and the largest fish change sexes to become male during mating season. Only large females mate with these males and lay eggs.

You are a fisheries biologist for the state of North Carolina. You are charged with protecting the fish population, while also keeping professional fishermen from losing their jobs. Based on the chart above, what would you conclude and what would your solution be?

Animals store most of their excess energy reserves as _______, and this is explained because __________________.

This simple bacteria cell has the same structure as more complex cells. It controls what comes in to and leaves the cell and also maintains homeostasis. It is the

If meiosis continues in this case and produces gametes, what statement concerning their genetic variability would be MOST accurate?

The picture depicts budding in the yeast cell. What is the result of this process?

All the biological macromolecules contain Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. However, most do not contain nitrogen. The category that contains nitrogen are

Living organisms use osmoregulation to balance solute and water concentrations in their cells, tissues and organs. Many marine organisms have internal solute concentrations that are similar to their environment. However, this is not typically true of freshwater and terrestrial organisms.

Select what is likely to happen to the cells of a freshwater plant if placed in a marine environment?

A model of a specific event during meiosis is shown with various possible combinations. Which statement correctly cites evidence from the model to support the idea that meiosis increases genetic diversity?

Why do we say that "an enzyme is reusable"?

The picture shows an experimental set up for the process of osmosis.

The potato has a cavity on top, as shown in the picture. Some sugar solution is poured into the cavity and the potato is placed in a beaker of water. After some time, it is observed that there is a rise in the level of liquid in the cavity. This confirms that

Which statement correctly describes the diagram?

During diffusion, molecules move

Photosynthesis has two main parts (light-independent and light dependent). Which descriptions can BEST be used to explain the calvin cycle?

I. Light-independent reaction

II. Light-dependent reaction

III. Products are ATP and NADPH.

IV. Occurs in the thylakoid membranes

V. Occurs in the stroma

VI. Glucose is made from CO₂

All of the following occur during the Krebs cycle EXCEPT:

I. Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate.

II. FADH2 accepts two electrons to form FAD.

III. NAD+ is reduced to form NADH.

IV. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA

V. Carbon dioxide, NADH, and FADH2, and ATP are reactants.

DNA fingerprinting would most likely be used to

Translation of the DNA sequence AAGCTGGGA would result in

Each of these four organisms began life as a single 2N cell. Cells in each organisms divided and differentiated. Probably the single most important process that ensured genetic continuity in all four organisms was DNA

The central dogma of molecular biology is centered upon the process of _________, in which the information from DNA is transcribed and translated, resulting in amino acids being joined into polypeptides.

In this field of sunflowers, variation exists. Some flowers are tall, others short, and finally some plants are an intermediate height. The tallest plants shade the shorter; the taller plants are pollinated first. Over time, we might expect this field of sunflowers to be mostly tall. According to this scenario, identify the type of reproduction and list the processes that aid in variation.

You inherit the DNA that composes your chromosomes from your mother and your father. You have inherited a protein that STOPS the production of an enzyme, a protein, to help you digest milk. Scientists have figured out that this protein contains an amino acid that really does say STOP whenever the enzyme starts to be produced. What nitrogen bases, found in your DNA, could be arranged to produce this STOP amino acid?

The heterozygous condition of sickle cell anemia results in resistance to malaria. If a homozygous normal father and a heterozygous mother have a child, what are the chances of that child being resistant to malaria but not having sickle cell anemia?

There are four children in the Smith family. One child has blue eyes and blond hair. The other three children have brown eyes and blond hair. How can you explain this difference in eye color?

In rabbits, white fur is a recessive trait. Based on this fact, what statement BEST describes this rabbit's genotype?

In flies, long wings are a dominant trait, and short wings are a recessive trait. Medium wings are the heterozygous trait. Based on this information, if a homozygous long-winged fly is crossed with another a heterozygous fly, their offspring will have which percentages for long, medium, and short wings? Assume random chromosome segregation.

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?