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Unit 3, Ch. 9 Earth Science Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are ways that the earth's layers can be classified: (select all)

a)

Composition (chemicals/minerals)

b)

Mechanical properties

c)

Color

d)

Shape

2.

How do scientists learn about Earth's interior?

a)

By analyzing seismic waves from earthquakes

b)

By using satellites to scan the Earth's interior

c)

By drilling deep into the Earth's crust

d)

By studying rocks found on the surface

3.

Which type of seismic wave arrives first at a seismometer?

a)

Secondary waves (S-waves)

b)

Tertiary waves

c)

Surface waves

d)

Primary waves (P-waves)

4.

What type of motion do primary waves (P-waves) have?

a)

Up and down

b)

Side to side

c)

Compression/expansion

d)

Circular

5.

Which layer of the Earth is behaves plastically and can flow?

a)

Asthenosphere

b)

Lithosphere

c)

Outer core

d)

Crust

6.

Which type of wave can only propagate through solids?

a)

Primary waves (P-waves)

b)

Secondary waves (S-waves)

c)

Surface waves

d)

Tertiary waves

7.

What is the composition of the Earth's core?

a)

Magma and sediment

b)

Basalt and gabbro

c)

Silicate minerals

d)

Iron and nickel

8.

What is the average composition of the continental crust?

a)

Peridotite

b)

Gabbro

c)

Granite

d)

Basalt

9.

What is the lithosphere composed of?

a)

Crust and upper mantle

b)

Core and mantle

c)

Mantle and asthenosphere

d)

Crust and core

10.

What is the thickness of the lithosphere?

a)

100 meters

b)

1 kilometer

c)

10 kilometers

d)

100 kilometers

11.

What is the mantle made of?

a)

Sedimentary rock

b)

Liquid metal

c)

Hot, but solid rock

d)

Magma

12.

What causes convection currents in the mantle?

a)

Heat from the crust

b)

Heat from the atmosphere

c)

Heat from the core

d)

Heat from the sun

13.

What elements or minerals make up the Earth's core?

a)

Iron and copper

b)

Silicate minerals

c)

Nickel and Magnesium

d)

Iron and Nickel

14.

What is the source of the heat that keeps the outer core from solidifying?

a)

Heat from the sun

b)

Heat from the crust

c)

Heat from the mantle

d)

Breakdown of radioactive elements

15.

What are the three main layers of the Earth?

a)

Core, Crust, Mantle

b)

Mantle, Core, Crust

c)

Crust, Core, Mantle

d)

Crust, Mantle, Core

16.

Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Core

d)

Hydrosphere

17.

What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Core

d)

Atmosphere

18.

What is the innermost layer of the Earth called?

a)

Core

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Mantle

d)

Crust

19.

What is the name of the largest (by volume) layer of the Earth?

a)

Mantle

b)

Core

c)

Crust

d)

Hydrosphere

20.

What is the name of the thickest (by depth) layer of the Earth?

a)

Mantle

b)

Core (inner + outer)

c)

Crust

d)

Asthenosphere

21.

What is an earthquake?

a)

A strong wind blowing over the ocean

b)

A volcanic eruption

c)

A violent storm with thunder and lightning

d)

A sudden movement of the Earth's crust

22.

What is the surface where two blocks of the Earth slip past each other called?

a)

Fault plane

b)

Epicenter

c)

Hypocenter

d)

Tectonic plate

23.

What are the smaller earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock called?

a)

Mainshocks

b)

Foreshocks

c)

Aftershocks

d)

Tremors

24.

What are the puzzle pieces that make up the Earth's surface called?

a)

Faults

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Tectonic plates

d)

Seismographs

25.

What causes earthquakes?

a)

Lightning and thunder

b)

Volcanic eruptions

c)

Seismic waves

d)

Friction between tectonic plates

26.

What happens when the force of moving blocks overcomes the friction of a fault?

a)

The Earth's crust expands

b)

Seismic waves are generated

c)

A volcanic eruption occurs

d)

Stored up energy is released

27.

How are earthquakes recorded?

a)

Using seismographs

b)

Through satellite images

c)

By analyzing weather patterns

d)

By measuring fault size

28.

What is the name of the recording made by a seismograph?

a)

Magnitude

b)

Hypocenter

c)

Epicenter

d)

Seismogram

29.

How do scientists measure the size of earthquakes?

a)

By using satellite images

b)

By studying animal behavior

c)

By analyzing seismic waves

d)

By measuring the fault size

30.

How can scientists tell where an earthquake happened?

a)

By measuring fault size

b)

By analyzing seismic waves

c)

By studying animal behavior

d)

By observing weather patterns

31.

What method is used to determine the location of an earthquake?

a)

Triangulation

b)

Satellite imaging

c)

Weather analysis

d)

Animal behavior observation

32.
Which type of wave arrives first during an earthquake?
a)

Primary (p-wave) waves

b)

Secondary (s-wave) waves

c)

Surface Waves

33.

Which Seismic Wave is pictured?

a)

P-Wave

b)

S-Wave

c)

Surface Wave

d)

Love Wave

34.

Which Seismic Wave is pictured?

a)

P-Wave

b)

S-Wave

c)

Surface Wave

35.

Which is the strength of an earthquake?

a)

Plate boundaries

b)

Magnitude

c)

Fault

d)

Seismic

36.

Main type of seismic waves that can only travel through the surface of the Earth.

a)

seismic waves

b)

surface waves

c)

secondary waves

d)

primary waves

37.

Which type of Seismic Wave is pictured?

a)

P-Wave

b)

S-Wave

c)

Surface Wave

38.

The point beneath the Earth's surface where the earthquake begins.

a)

epicenter

b)

fault

c)

focus

d)

magnitude

39.

Which is the location of an earthquake ON EARTH'S SURFACE?

a)

Landslide

b)

Seismic

c)

Epicenter

d)

Focus

40.

It can travel through only the mantle and the crust.

a)

Seismic waves

b)

Surface waves

c)

Primary waves

d)

Secondary waves

41.

Which of the following statement correctly identifies the focus and epicenter of an earthquake in the given illustration?

a)

Point A is the focus and Point B is the epicenter.

b)

Point A is the epicenter and Point C is the focus

c)

Point A is the epicenter and Point B is the focus.

d)

Point A is the focus and Point C is the epicenter.

42.

What type of wave can travel through all the layers of the Earth?

a)

p wave

b)

s wave

c)

surface wave

d)

none of the above

43.
The farther a seismic station is from an earthquake, a person will notice that  the time between P and S waves
a)
Increases
b)
Decreases
c)
Same
44.

Which city is closest to the epicenter?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

45.

How is the location of an earthquake epicenter determined?

a)

By measuring the depth of the earthquake's focus

b)

By using the data from at least three seismograph stations to triangulate the exact location.

c)

By analyzing the color of the seismic waves

d)

By counting the number of aftershocks

46.

Which seismogram represents a city that is far from the epicenter of an earthquake?

a)

New York, NY

b)

Nome, Alaska

c)

Guadalajara, Mexico

47.

How far is New York from the earthquake epicenter?

Hint: Distance from Epicenter (km) = 8.4 x Δt

a)

0 km

b)

42 km

c)

24 km

d)

56 km

48.

Around what time did the first P wave get detected?

a)

100 sec

b)

120 sec

c)

150 sec

d)

160 sec

49.

This model represents a

a)

P wave shadow zone

b)

S wave shadow zone

c)

Surface wave shadow zone

d)

Convection currents

50.

The distance between an epicenter and seismograph’s location can be calculated by using the

a)

arrival time of the first P-wave

b)

difference in arrival times between P- and S- waves

c)

amplitude of the p-wave

d)

energy released by an earthquake

51.

Only P-waves were recorded at seismic station C because P-waves travel

a)

only through Earth’s interior, and S-waves travel only on Earth’s surface

b)

fast enough to penetrate the core, and S-waves travel too slowly

c)

through iron and nickel, while S-waves cannot

d)

through liquids, while S-waves cannot

52.

Scientists think that convection currents that move the plates flow in which layer that is said to be viscoelastic?

a)
Continental crust
b)
Oceanic crust
c)
Asthenosphere
d)
Lithosphere
53.

Identify Layer 1.

a)
Lithosphere
b)
Asthenosphere
c)

Crust

d)
Outer Core
54.

Using the numbers on the right side of the diagram, Layer 2 represents the:

a)
Lithosphere
b)
Asthenosphere
c)

Mantle

d)
Outer Core
55.

Layer 5 represents the:

a)

inner core

b)
Asthenosphere
c)

Mantle

d)
Outer Core
56.

The 2 layers that are represented by #4 are called the:

a)

inner core

b)

Lithosphere

c)

Mantle

d)

Asthenosphere

57.

Layer 6 is the:

a)

Inner Core

b)

Outer Core

c)

Mantle

d)

Asthenosphere

58.

Layer 7 is the:

a)

Inner Core

b)

Outer Core

c)

Mantle

d)

Asthenosphere

59.

Which layer is the hottest, but is solid due to the immense pressure?

a)

Inner Crust

b)
Mantle
c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer Core

60.

When the earth was forming and everything was liquid, what caused the most dense materials to move toward the center?

a)

Gravity

b)

Ions

c)

Solar wind

d)

Angular Momentum

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