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WorksheetsAP Psych Unit 5 Cognition
Total questions: 191
Worksheet time: 2hrs 41mins
Elaborative memory
Phonemes and morphemes refer to
elements of telegraphic speech
basic elements of language
basic elements of concepts
memories stored in the LTM
Your sensory memory is the quickest and is split into two parts, what you hear and what you see. These are called...
Ego and Id
visual-spatial
echoic and iconic
audio and myopic
___________________ measured the sensory memory by flashing a grid of nine letters on a screen and seeing how many people could remember.
Benjamin Whorf
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Noam Chomsky
George Sperling
Which are three ways to remember things that would otherwise be forgotten in your STM?
chunking, mnemonics, and rehearsal
Sensory, STM, and LTM
Episodic, Semantic, and Procedural
Recognition, recall, and retrieval
Which are three main parts of the Long-Term Memory
chunking, mnemonics, and rehearsal
Sensory, STM, and LTM
Episodic, Semantic, and Procedural
Recognition, recall, and retrieval
Also known for his curve of forgetting, which Cornell notes is based off of, this researcher discovered the primacy and recency effect.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Noam Chomsky
George Sperling
Benjamin Whorf
On the following list, which would you remember based on the primacy and recency effect? 4,9,8,4,2,6,3,6,8,4,2,1,1,5,7
4,9,8 and 1,5,7
4, 9, 8, 4, 2
7, 5, 1, 1, 2, 4,
6, 3, 6, 8, 4, 2
Someone who cannot encode new memories has...
Anterograde amnesia
Long-term potentiation
Retroactive Interference
Proactive Interference
This theorist believed humans were born with a language acquisition device, meaning children are predisposed to learning language quickly.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Noam Chomsky
George Sperling
Benjamin Whorf
This theorist believed that the language we speak can change how we think. For instance, some languages have more words for "love" than English. Does this mean that they have a greater understanding of what love is?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Noam Chomsky
George Sperling
Benjamin Whorf
If I want to find sriracha sauce in the grocery store, I could go up and down every aisle until I found it. This would take longer, but guarantee I find it. This is called using
An algorithm
A heuristic
If I want to find sriracha sauce in the grocery store, I could check the most obvious places (Asian section, sauce section, etc...). This "rule of thumb" thinking is called using
An algorithm
A heuristic
When studying memory, we are often concerned with the process of getting information into the system. The process of getting information into short-term memory is called
retrieval
storage
encoding
sensation
perception
Suppose you want to remember all the states. You decide that you are going to make up a song to help you. When you do this, you are using what psychologists call a(n)
mnemonic
learning strategy
encoding strategy
retrieval strategy
context cue
Which of the following brain structures plays a key role in transferring information from short-term memory to long- term memory?
hypothalamus
thalamus
hippocampus
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
Which of the following exemplifies retroactive interference
After suffering a blow to the head, Jean cannot form new memories
Elle failed a Spanish test because she studied for her Italian test after studying Spanish
Lee cannot remember an important date on the history exam
Gene cannot remember his new locker combination but remembers last year’s
Jodie remembers the first few items on her school supply list, but can’t remember the rest of them
When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This patter underscores the importance of
chunking
serial position effect
semantic encoding
auditory encoding
automatic encoding
Which of the following is an example of source amnesia?
Iva can’t remember the details of a horrifying event because she has repressed them
Mary has entirely forgotten about an incident in grade school until her friend reminds her of the event
Michael can’t remember this year’s locker combination because he confuses it with last year’s combination
Stephen misremembers a dream as something that really happened
Anna, who has been trying to lose weight, is unable to remember several of the between-meal snacks she had yesterday
The tendency to overestimate the probability of events that get heavy media coverage reflects the operation of
framing effects
the representativeness heuristic
the availability heuristic
mental set
forming subgoals
In Elizabeth Loftus's 1978 study, subjects viewed a slide presentation of an accident. Later, some of the subjects were asked a question about a yield sign when the actual slides contained pictures of a stop sign. When these same subjects were later asked about what kind of sign was at the accident, there were very likely to be confused in this situation. This is an example of __________.
instant replay effect
hindsight bias effect
misinformation effect
levels of processing effect
constructive processing effect
Randall believes that aliens crashed in the western United States in the 1950s. When looking for information about this on the internet, he ignores any sites that are skeptical of his belief and only visits and talks with his friends about the sites that support his belief. What is this an example of?
creativity bias
confirmation bias
functional fixedness
convergent thinking
confirmation fixedness
The system of rules for combining words and phrases to make meaningful sentences is called________.
syntax
phonics
grammar
pragmatics
morphology
Memory encoding in which auditory stimuli is known as
acoustic
vocal
semantic
parallel
iconic
While Tara was in the deli section of the store, her husband called to remind her to pick up some apples for a new recipe. By the time that Tara had reached the produce section, she forgot what she was supposed to buy for her husband's recipe. It wasn't until she walked back to the deli section that she remembered she needed apples. This is an example of?
tip of the tongue phenomenon
rehearsal
semantic encoding
chunking
encoding specificity principle
Maintenance rehearsal is
synonymous with chunking
consciously repeating information over and over again
connecting information that needs to be remember with information previously stored
picturing an object, pattern, or image in your mind
also known as motivated forgetting
If information from the short term (working) memory is converted into long term memory, which of the following concepts has occurred?
repression
chunking
transduction
consolidation
depolarization
Regarding declarative memory which of the following is false?
declarative memory is stored in long term memory
declarative memory is made up of facts and personal information
declarative memories are recalled without conscious effort
declarative memories are known as explicit
declarative memories have two types: semantic and episodic
Which of the following psychologists is known for work revolving around the capabilities of human memory with respect to eyewitness testimony
Sperling
Loftus
Ebbinghaus
Skinner
Chomsky
Which theory of forgetting suggests that forgetting is due to the result of a failure to access stored memories?
interference theory
constructionist theory
three stage theory
decay theory
retrieval theory
Concepts defined by specific rules are known as
natural concepts
intuitive concepts
regular concepts
logical concepts
superordinate concepts
Wolfgang Kohler (think back to the Learning unit) studied which aspect of problem solving?
concept formation
algorithms
insight
decay
heuristics
__________ is to a step by step series of rules while ____________ is to a rule of thumb for solving problems/making judgments/decisions
heuristic / algorithm
algorithm / heuristic
mental set / functional fixedness
functional fixedness / mental set
algorithm / concept
Rules that govern proper use of words, phrases, and sentences to convey meaning are called
language
grammar
syntax
semantics
linguistics
The smallest units of meaning within a language are known as?
phonemes
morphemes
graphemes
syllables
letters
Children learning language typically start to use one word phrases around what age?
3 months
6 months
12 months
15 months
18 months
The "magic number seven (+/- 2)" is usually connected to a persons's
short term memory
long term memory
sensory memory
implicit memory
flashbulb memory
The concept of mood congruent memory deals with which aspect of memory
encoding
repression
storage
retrieval
relearning
The greater likelihood of recalling information from memory while in the same or similar environment in which the memory was originally encoded is an example of
retroactive interference
chunking
elaborative rehearsal
encoding specificity
procedural memory
The capacity of short term memory is
2 (+ or - 3)
5 (+ or - 1)
3 (+ or - 2)
9 (+ or - 2)
7 (+ or - 2)
A task that would lead to deep levels of memory would be
identifying the number of letters in a word
determining if two words rhyme
deciding if someone's name is a good fit for them
determining if a word fits into a sentence
identifying the number of syllables in a word
The three stages of the Atkinson- Shiffrin process of memory are
iconic, echoic, encoding
sensory, short term, long term
shallow, medium, and deep processing
semantic, episodic, procedural
cerebellum, temporal lobe, hippocampus
Which of the following examples best illustrate episodic memory?
telling someone how to tie shoe
answering correctly that the Battle of Hastings was in 1066
knowing that the word for black in French is noir
remembering that a clown was at your 5th birthday party
long-term memory for the time tables learned in second grade
Doug wrote a grocery list of ten items, leaves it at home. The list included in order: peas, corn, squash, onions, apples, pears, bananas, flour, milk, and eggs. If the law of primacy holds which of the following is Doug most likely to remember when he gets to the store?
peas, pears, eggs
banana, flour, peas
apples, pears, bananas
flour, milk, eggs
peas, corn, onions
Which of the following exemplifies retroactive interference?
after suffering a blow to the head, Jean cannot form new memories
Elle failed a Spanish test because she studied for her Italian test after studying Spanish
Lee cannot remember an important date on the history exam
Gene cannot remember his new locker combination but remembers last year's
Jodie remembers the first few items on her school supply list, but can't remember the rest of them
Ray hurt his head in a car accident and has been experiencing problems recalling past events. Ray’s doctors told his parents that Ray may be suffering from
anterograde amnesia
misinformation effect
incomplete schemas
retrieval failure
retrograde amnesia
Steve can only remember his old locker combination; he keeps forgetting he new combination. Steve is experiencing
blocking interference
retroactive interference
proactive interference
repression interference
suppression interference
What psychologist believed that the forgetting of information will occur rapidly at first and will then level off, with the remaining information being retained for a long period of time?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Donald Hebb
Karl Lashley
Sigmund Freud
Elizabeth Loftus
Which of the following describes long –term potentiation?
When attempting to retrieve information, it is easier to recognize than recall
Constructed memories have the potential to be either accurate or inaccurate
Memories are formed in the brain when a synapse changes to allow for more efficient transfer of information
Implicit memories are processed by the cerebellum instead of by the hippocampus
Information is transferred from working memory to long-term memory
The basketball players could remember the main points of their coach’s halftime talk, but not her exact words. This is because they encoded the information
semantically
acoustically
visually
shallowly
automatically
Which of the following illustrates the serial position effect?
The only name Kensie remembers from the people she met at the party is Spencer, because she thought he was particularly good looking
Kimia has trouble remembering information from the book’s first unit when she reviews it for semester finals
It’s easy for Brittney to remember that carbon’s atomic number is 6 because her birthday is on December 6
Kyle was not able to remember the names of all his new co-workers after one week on the job, but he could after two weeks
Al is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as he remembers the first or last words on the list
Hermann Ebbinghaus is considered a pioneer in memory research because he established the importance of
semantic encoding
mnemonic devices
rehearsal
iconic storage
long term potentiation
Chemistry teachers almost always present elements within the context of the periodic table. The periodic table is useful because it is a(n)
example of chunking
hierarchy
mnemonic device
example of iconic storage
massed rehearsal strategy
Chomsky proposed that children learn language swiftly
because they possess an innate language acquisition device
through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping
as the quality of their thought improves with age
because they need to in order to get their increasingly complex needs met
as they learn how to apply algorithms to language
The linguistic relativity hypothesis is the notion that
one's language determines the nature of one's thought
one's thought determines the nature of one's language
language and thought are separate and independent processes
language and thought interact, with each influencing the other
no correlation between language and thought exists
A hueristic is
a flash of insight
a guiding principle or "rule of thumb" used in problem solving or decision making
a methodical procedure for trying all possible solutions to a problem
a way of making a compensatory decision
a deficiency within the mirror neurons of the brain
In the context of psychometric testing, content validity is defined as
The extent to which the test actually measures what it is purported to measure
The degree to which there is a correlation between results on the test and future performance on another measure
The degree to which the test will yield similar results across administrations
The extent to which scores on two versions of the test are highly correlated
The degree to which scores on two sections of the same test are consistent with each other
On a normal score distribution, an IQ score of 85 would be located
approximately one standard deviation above the mean
approximately one standard deviation below the mean
approximately two standard deviations above the mean
approximately two standard deviations below the mean
in a variable position-it would depend on the age of the respondent
Test standardization is accomplished by
administering the test to a sample chosen to reflect the characteristics of the population in question
administering different parts of the test to different samples meant to reflect different populations
correlating the results on the test with the results on other tests that claim to measure the same dimension
correlating the consistency of scores given by different sets of graders
equilibrating the numbers of times each answer choice appears
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of intelligence in Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?
environmental
mathematical
spatial
musical
emotional
A standardized sample for developing a test
Should be representative of all the types of people for whom the test is designed
Is an early version of the test to determine questions that differentiate individuals
Is a set of norms that will determine what score should be considered passing
Should include people from all different age groups, ethnic groups, and genders
Must include a standard set of directions for administering the test that all students will receive
If Mrs. Delvecchio compared the scores of students on the odd-numbered questions on the test with their scores for the even-numbered questions, she would be attempting to determine if the test had
content validity
split-half validity
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
concurrent validity
Which of the following best describes Charles Spearman’s g of intelligence?
There are many factors that determine intelligence, but genetics is the most important one
The internal validity of an intelligence test is g
A general intelligence that underlies success on a wide variety of tasks is g.
Giftedness is determined by both innate ability to perform and experiences one has in life.
Giftedness is determined by both innate ability to perform and experiences one has in life.
According to Sternberg, which of the following types of intelligence in his triarchic theory are measured by standard IQ tests?
I. Analytic
II. Practical
III. Creative
I only
II only
III only
I and II only
I, II, III
Freddie is a 10 year old boy with a mental age of 12. According to the scoring of the Stanford-Binet test, Freddie's intelligence quotient is
12
83
95
120
140
The psychologist who developed the first modern intelligence test used to help the French government with the placement of special needs students was
Charles Spearman
Robert Sternberg
Howard Gardner
Lewis Terman
Alfred Binet
Adam is taking a final exam in his calculus class. All of the questions on the exam relate to material that was covered over the course of the year. Therefore, the test can be said to display high
criterion validity
standardization
reliability
content validity
test-retest reliability
Garrett scored a 28 the first time he took the college entrance exam. Six months later, he took it again and scored a 29. Be cause his scores were so close together the test would be considered
valid
normed
standardized
reliable
predictable
Which of the following best illustrates Spearman's concept of g?
Lisa does well in math, but poorly in chemistry
Fatima does not know the capital of her state but can compose music successfully
Quinn is an excellent baseball player who has received a scholarship to play in college
Sarah has maintained straight A's throughout high school
Kris is an excellent actor and singer
Bailee recently took the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and scored one standard deviation above the mean. Bailee would most likely have an IQ of
115
85
130
95
100
Mr. Thomas believes that students with high IQ’s are more likely to succeed in life than are those with low IQ’s. Which psychologist would most likely agree with Mr. Thomas?
Daniel Goleman
Lewis Terman
Robert Sternberg
Noam Chomsky
Leon Festinger
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of divergent thinking?
Hank is good at listening to other people and helping them with their problems
Gloria is an excellent softball player who receives a scholarship to play in college
Tony does extremely well in school, but has a difficult time making friends
Richard knows the lyrics of every song he has ever heard
Ali designs workplace accommodations for the physically impaired
Which of the following would score high on the emotional intelligence scale?
Jaelyn can complete crossword puzzles quickly
Claude is good at interpreting the emotions of others
Pauline is good at fixing mechanical machines
Marcus knows how to make spaghetti
Elle has invented a new device to help others learn to read
Who was the first psychologist to propose that intelligence is the result of nature?
Robert Sternberg
Howard Gardner
Charles Spearman
Sir Francis Galton
Lewis Terman
Howard Gardner found evidence of multiple intelligences in individuals who scored low on intelligence but had an area of exceptional ability-for example, to make complex calculations. These people have
the Flynn effect
savant syndrome
advanced mental age
Wechsler syndrome
intelligence heritability
The Flynn effect refers to
Superiority of certain racial and ethnic groups on intelligence tests
Fact that male performance on math tests is more extreme (that is, more very high and very low scores) than is female performance
Stereotype threat that might cause some Black students to under perform on standardized tests
Predictive ability of intelligence tests
Gradual improvement in intelligence test scores over the last several decades
Heritability of intelligence refers to
The extent to which a person’s intelligence is caused by genetics
The effect of adoption on the intelligence of adopted children
The amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics
The amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics
The correlation between intelligence test scores of individual twins
The most widely used modern intelligence test was developed by
Alfred Binet
Louis Terman
Robert Sternberg
David Wechsler
Howard Gardner
Students who do well on college entrance exams generally do well in college. This helps establish that these exams have
predictive validity
split-half reliability
content validity
test-retest reliability
standard validity
The purpose of Alfred Binet's early intelligence test was to
predict how children would do in school
identify differences among ethnic and racial groups
help French graduates find the occupation to which they were most likely to succeed
establish the scientific definition of intelligence
facilitate "genetic breeding" experiments
The intelligence quotient compares a child's
aptitude to his or her school performance
mental age to his or her chronological age
intelligence to his or her sibling's intelligence
intelligence to his or her parents' intelligence
math intelligence to his or her verbal intelligence
Which of the following is a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test?
correlational analysis
factor analysis
standard deviation
regression toward the mean
structural equation modeling
Women score lower on math tests if they are told the test reflects natural mathematical ability and when male test-takers are in the group. Which concept best explains this research finding?
reliability
heritability
factor analysis
mental age
stereotype threat
What higher-order knowledge includes information about factors that influence learning and memory and resources needed to complete tasks?
Declarative
Rote
Kinesthetic
Procedural
The weatherman in Idaho says there is a 20% chance it will rain & u get ur umbrella. The weatherman in Wyoming says it's and 80% chance of sun & u get ur sunglasses.
This exemplifies prototypes
This demonstrates your concept for weather
This is an example of mental set
This is a demonstration of framing
Which of the following terms best represents the ability to produce ideas which are both novel and valuable?
convergence
creativity
algorithm
representative heuristic
availability heuristic
Which type of creative thinking expands the number of possible problem solutions?
Divergent Thinking
Convergent Thinking
Intrinsic Motivation
Availability Heuristic
Representative Heuristic
Which type of problem solving technique is methodical, logical, and will always lead to a correct answer if there is one?
Heuristic
Insight
Algorithm
Convergent Thinking
Divergent Thinking
What is our tendency to think we know or can perform better or more accurately than we really can?
Confirmation Bias
Overconfidence
Intuition
Insight
Algorithm
Which theory says that if a child does not learn a language of any kind by the age of 7, they will never be able to master a language?
Insight
Intuition
Phoneme
Morpheme
Critical Periods
Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates
fixation.
the representativeness heuristic.
belief perseverance.
the availability heuristic.
the framing effect.
The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word “hit” in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of
syntax.
semantics.
morphemes.
prototypes.
linguistic determinism.
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events, such as 9/11, are called
Having a strong emotional experience to a memory
Massed Practice
forgetting curves
Learning the the United States stopped importing all oil and energy from Russia but not be able to identify where you learned this information is an example of
retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Source amnesia
constructed memory processing
Depending on the person, this memories capacity is 5-9 items and lasts about 5-20 seconds
Sensory memory
Long term memory
Implicit memory
Working memory
Match the following types of sensory memory
What you see
Iconic
What you hear
Echoic
What you feel
Haptic
This type of memory is unlimited and can last a lifetime
Sensory memory
Long term memory
Working memory
Full-time memory
Jamie is reading a book, thinking about plans for the night, and listening to music. Jamie reads 20 pages and then thinks "what did I just read?" This is an example of:
Shallow Processing
Deep processing
Hindsight processing
Iconic memory
You are more likely to be able to recall information if you do so in the same area that you learned information due to _____________
Mood dependent memory
Iconic dependent memory
State-dependent memory
Context-dependent memory
Deep processing is most closely related to the idea of:
the primacy effect
semantic encoding
the spacing effect
the recency effect
Given a list of names people usually remember the first part of the list and the last part of the list more and are more prone to forget the names in the middle due to:
Serial position effect
Long term potentiation
Forgetting curve
Retroactive interference
The 3 processes of memory are:
Sensory, Short-term, and Long-term
Your inability to remember what color eyes your friend has, despite looking at them a million times, is most likely due to:
encoding failure
retrieval failure
storage decay
source amnesia
As we retrieve memories, we often alter them based on past experience & expectations, which demonstrates:
implicit memories
priming
memory construction
the spacing effect
Match the following types of memory
Implicit or procedural memory
Events and experiences
Answering multiple choice questions is a/an (a) task, while writing an FRQ is a/an (b) task.
The use of ____ can aid our memory.
massed practice and long-term potentiation
repression and self-reference effect
shallow processing and hierarchies
chunking and mnemonic devices
Memory is
the conscious encoding of information
stored knowledge that has been semantically encoded
the persistence of learning through storage & retrieval of info
recalling and retrieving info stored in the cerebellum
What is being demonstrated when you believe that women are better caregivers than men, and you continue to see only good examples of females being better parents than men?
CONFIRMATION BIAS
REPRESENTATIVE HEURISTIC
ENCODING
FRAMING
When Daniel used his coat as a blanket he showed that he had a low _______. (Because he could see another other use for his coat.)
FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS
LONG TERM POTENTIATION
PARALLEL PROCESSING
AUTOMATIC PROCESSIN
Which process transfers information from sensory memory to short term memory?
attention
cognition
differentiation
perception
Shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list especially quickly and accurately. This is known as
iconic memory
the spacing eff
im
recency effect
Rephrasing text material in your own words is an effective way of facilitating
seman
auto
mood-congruent tm
implicit memory
Our short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly _____ bits of info.
3
7
12
14
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure_________; matching concepts to their definitions measures________.
recognition; relearning
recall; rec
recall
relearning; recall
Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned info is initially
slow and subsequently stays slow
rapid and subsequently slows down
rapid and subsequ
slow and subsequently speeds up
Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called
heuristics
semantics
prototypes
algorithms
The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is
proto
phenotype
morpheme
phoneme
Word meaning is to word order as ______ is to _______.
concept; proto
phoneme
morpheme; phoneme
semantics; syntax
At 17 months of age, Julie says the word "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the _______ stage of language development.
semantic
babbling
one-wrod
telegraphic speech
Which of the following best illustrates psychology's current understanding of the relationship between thinking and language?
language determines the way
all thinking must be language based
cognition and language are processed in the occipia
thinking affects language, which then affects our thoughts
Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to
derive IQ scores by comparing mental age with
evaluate how accurately test items predict a crite
extract test norms
identify clusters of closely related test items
provide a quantitative estimate of heritability
A person who demonstrates an exceptional specific mental skill while otherwise remaining very limited in intellectual capacity is said to show signs of
emotional intelligence
savant syndrome
neural plasticity
intrinsic motivation
intelligence quotient
Alfred Binet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at
testing the worth of various theoretical defini
operationally defini
predicting children's
selecting workers for successful job performance
establishing the learning potential of French military recruits
On individual intelligence tests, such as the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler scales, an IQ of 100 indicates that the test taker
correctly answered all items on the test
obtained the highest score in the standardis
took as long as the average test takers t
score above the level of the average A
scored at the average level for test takers of the same age
A 6 year old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency of an average 8-year-old was said to have an IQ of
7
8
100
125
133
Aptitude tests are specifically designed to
predict ability to learn a new skill
compare an individual's abilities with those of highly successful individuals
assess learned knowledge
assess the ability to produce novel or valuable ideas
measure educational achievement
About ______ percent of WAIS scores fall between 70 and 130.
10
30
60
70
95
If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of
standardi
predictive vali
reliability
content validity
heritability
To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as _______ memory.
o
working
flashbul
implicit
Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of
stor
proactive interference
encoding failure
source amnesia
Participants in one experiment were given entirely fabricated accounts of an occasion in which they had been in a shopping mall during their childhood. Many of these participants later falsely recollected vivid details of the experience as having actually occurred. This experiment best illustrated
the self-reference effect
mood
the misin
proactive interference
A normally functioning 65-year old who cannot solve abstract logic puzzles as quickly as he did when he was younger is experiencing
phenomenon that is uncommon for people h
normal stage of psycho-social development predicted by Erik Eri
decrease in his crystallized in
decrease in his fluid intelligence
difficulty with concrete operational thinking
Sasha has a mild intellectual disability. She has achieved the equivalent of a fifth-grade education and will soon begin vocational training so that she can earn a living wage. Sasha’s intelligence score is most likely between
5 and 19
20 and
35 and
50 and 69
70 and 130
The process of encoding refers to
The persistence of learning over time
The recall of information previously learned
Getting information into memory
A clear memory of an emotionally significant event
