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WorksheetsAPES Semester Exam Review 1-4
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 1hrs 28mins
Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)
organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere
community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population
organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem
population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism
The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _____ type of relationship.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Symbiotic
Mutualism
Which best describes the concept of net primary production?
total amount of energy available from the Sun
total amount of cellular respiration conducted within an ecosystem
energy captured minus energy lost
total amount of energy available from the producer
The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents
the flow of energy from organism B to A
the movement of organisms
the directionality of the sun
the flow of energy from organism A to B
What is the process that moves nitrogen from the atmosphere to the organic compound within the cycle?
denitrification
decomposition
nitrogen fixation
photosynthesis
plants lose water to the atmosphere through stomata.
evaporation
condensation
runoff
transpiration
The symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved.
Competition
Mutualism
Predation
Parasitism
Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins?
nitrogen fixation
nitrification
denitrification
ammonification
assimilation
The sun provides the energy for almost all life on Earth. Approximately how much of the sun's energy captured by producers would move up to the next trophic level?
10%
90%
50%
25%
The largest reservoir for nitrogen
ocean
sedimentary rock
atmosphere
soil
Largest reservoir for phosphorus
rock
soil
atmosphere
ocean
Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?
Regulating services are disrupted by flash flooding from a hurricane, which decreases available food resources.
Cultural services are disrupted by a tornado that causes the loss of acres of forest, which reduces the amount of harvestable timber.
Supporting services are disrupted by an earthquake that causes habitat destruction, which displaces plants and animals.
Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.
A 163 square-kilometer (km2) small island is found 2,000km from the mainland. A second, larger, 230,000km island is found 1,000km from the mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following statements is most likely true about the small island when compared with the large island?
The small island has more available resources than the large island.
The rate of immigration is lower for the small island than for the large island.
The small island has niches that are more like the mainland than the large island.
The rate of species extinction is lower on the small island than on the large island.
Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity RICHNESS?
Community 1
Community 2
They are the same
Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity EVENNESS?
Community 1
Community 2
They are the same
Tourism in Yellowstone National Park would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
Obtaining coal from the earth would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
A population's zone of intolerance is...
the range where organisms survive, grow, and reproduce
the range where organisms survive, but experience lack of growth and decreased activity
the range where organisms will die
The Chatham Island robin is a small endangered bird found in scrub forests off the coast of New Zealand. The robin is preyed upon by introduced species such as cats and rats. In 1980, the population decreased to only 5
individuals and every individual today is a descendant of a single female. Which of the following is best illustrated in the decline of the Chatham Island robins?
Carrying capacity
Population bottleneck
Population overshoot
Type I survivorship
What is the difference between primary and secondary succcession?
Primary succession already has soil
Lichen and moss come in for secondary succession
Secondary succession already has soil
Climax community is achieved quickly in primary succession
Which below is TRUE?
Generalist species occupy very narrow niches
Specialist species have a limited diet
Generalist species can't make use of a variety of environmental resources
Specialist species have a broad range of tolerance
What is the definition of biodiversity?
The variety of different species in an area
The number of individuals of a particular species in an area
The variety of different species and the number of individuals within each species
The variety of different species and the number of individuals within each species in an area
Introduced species can become invasive if they;
Produce only a few young after a long period of gestation.
Inhabit only niches that have recently become available after the local extinction of another species.
Can live in many niches, easily adapting to many variables and eating a wide variety of food.
Have a low genetic variability, enabling them to live in a wide variety of habitats.
Increase biodiversity because they attract more species to the areas in which they settle.
What type of organism helps define an entire ecosystem? Without this organism, the ecosystem would be forced to radically change.
endemic species
invasive species
keystone species
native species
Which of the following defines an indicator species?
A species that is at a high risk for extinction
A species whose presence, absence, or abundance reflects a specfic environmental condition
A species not native to a specific area that can harm the ecosystem
A species that is vital to the ecosystem and without this organism, the ecosystem would drastically change.
The area that includes the highest point of the curve of the graph is called
The zone of tolerance
Geographic isolation
Population bottleneck
Founder Effect
Species richness
Which type of survivorship curve represents an r-selected species?
Type I survivorship curve
Type II survivorship curve
Type III survivorship curve
Which type of survivorship curve represents an k-selected species?
Type I survivorship curve
Type II survivorship curve
Type III survivorship curve
Which type of survivorship curve represents animals that have constant mortality?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Which type of survivorship curve represents organisms that produce many offspring that mainly die early in life
Type I
Type II
Type III
When a population goes over the carrying capacity this is known as
oscillation
overshoot
dieback
exponential
Populations whose age structure diagrams are narrower at the bottom than at the top have
high death rates
the same proportion of individuals in each age group
a declining population
a high growth rate
all of the above
During what two stages of demographic transition does most of a country's population increase occur?
Stages 1 and 2.
Stages 2 and 3.
Stages 4 and 5.
Stages 1 and 4.
Stages 1 and 5.
Which correctly describes the term demographic transition?
The transition from low birth rates and death rates to high birth rates and death rates as a country develops.
The transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates as a country develops.
The transition from high birth rates to low death rates as a country develops.
The transition from low birth rates to high death rates as a country develops.
linearly
logistically
1.6 million
1.9 million
1.4 million
1 million
These organisms occupy stable environments, are larger in size and have longer life expectancies. They produce, during their life spans, fewer offspring, but place a greater investment in each.
K-strategist
r-strategist
m-strategist
s-strategist
Which of the following statements about total fertility rate is correct
TFR is equal to the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
TFR is the average number of children each woman must have to replace the current population.
TFR is generally higher in developed countries than in developing countries
TFR is equal to the growth rate of a country
TFR is the average number of children each woman will give birth to during her childbearing years.
The Coriolis effect is responsible for
the mixing of two Hadley cells
the falling effect of warm air
the cooling effect of air as it rises and expands
the deflection of atmospheric currents
The type of plate boundary where two plates come together is a .....
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Plate Boundary
A divergent boundary occurs when plates ....
Pull apart
Come together
Slide past each other
subducting
A, B, C, O
A, B, O, C
A, O, B, C
O, A, B, C
What is the correct sequence of layers of the earth's atmosphere from earth's surface to space?
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.
mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, troposphere.
troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere.
stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.
In which layer of the atmosphere do all the pressure, wind, and precipitation changes occur?
Outer space
stratosphere
troposphere
mesosphere
In which layer of the atmosphere does ozone help block UV radiation from striking the Earth?
troposphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
thermosphere
Sea surface temperature changes great than 0.5oC for greater than 5 months across the central tropical Pacific Ocean are known as
the arctic effect
the get stream
a typhoon
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
