WorksheetsResearch methods learning check
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 45mins
In an independent measures design:
A repeated measures design:
One group takes part in both conditions of the IV
Each group member is matched for similarity with a member of another group
An experiment that is conducted more than once
Two groups each take part in one condition of the IV
Strength of independent measures / groups design
There may be participant variables
No participant variables
There may be practice or order effects
No practice or order effects
Which of the following is a design?
independent measures
field experiment
random
counterbalancing
Which experimental design involves one group of participants taking part in both conditions of the experiment?
Repeated Measures
Lab study
Independent measures
Which experimental design involves two groups of participants, each group performing one condition of the experiment?
Independent groups
Repeated measures
Matched pairs
What is a weakness of Independent measures?
order effects
participant variables/ individual differences
demand characteristics
Define the term ‘natural experiment’.
An experiment where the IV is manipulated in a real life environment
An experiment where the IV is not manipulated in a real life environment
An experiment where the IV is changed in a controlled environment
The detailed study of one individual or a small group of people
Define the term ‘case study’.
An experiment where the IV is manipulated in a real life environment
An experiment where the IV is not manipulated in a real life environment
An experiment where the IV is changed in a controlled environment
The detailed study of one individual or a small group of people
Which of these is an example of an aim?
Boys will be more aggressive than girls
To investigate whether colour of paper influences memory
There will be no correlation between age and mathematical ability
Define the term ‘correlation’.
An experiment where the IV is manipulated in a real life environment
An experiment where the IV is not manipulated in a real life environment
Where co-variables are investigated to see if there is a relationship between them
The detailed study of one individual or a small group of people
Which type of correlation? The more hours you practice skateboarding the better you are at drawing.
Positive
Negative
Zero
Which type of correlation? The more you are absent from school, the lower your final grades will be.
Positive
Negative
Zero
Define the term ‘co-variables’.
An experiment where the IV is manipulated in a real life environment
An experiment where the IV is not manipulated in a real life environment
The variables investigated in a correlation
The detailed study of one individual or a small group of people
Qualitative or quantitative data? The time it takes to complete a puzzle in seconds.
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative or quantitative data? A description of how someone feels about remote learning.
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative or quantitative data? How happy someone feels on a scale of 1-10.
Qualitative
Quantitative
Which of these is a weakness of field experiments?
Less demand characteristics
Behaviour is more likely to be realistic (ecological validity)
Difficult to replicate
Good control over extraneous variables.
Which of these is a strength of field experiments?
Less control over extraneous variables
Behaviour is more likely to be realistic (ecological validity)
Easy to replicate (reliable)
Ethical issues can arise
Which of these is a strength of case studies?
Lack generalisability
Hard to replicate
Allow us to investigate things that it would be unethical to create ourselves
High control over extraneous variables
Which of these is a weakness of case studies?
Lack generalisability
Easy to replicate
Allow us to investigate things that it would be unethical to create ourselves
Collects rich, detailed data
Which of these is a weakness of correlations?
Cheap and less time consuming
Can make use of existing data
Allow us to investigate things that it would be unethical to create ourselves
Hard to establish cause and effect between variables (e.g. we don't know for sure they are linked)
Which of these is a strength of correlations?
Cheap and less time consuming
Can be considered unethical
High level of control over extraneous variables
Hard to establish cause and effect between variables (e.g. we don't know for sure they are linked)
Primary data is...
information a person has collected themselves
information that is the most important
information that is the most reliable
information that is the most up to date
Second Hand research gathered by others is known as what?
Second hand data
secondary data
supplementary data
significant data
Quantitative data refers to what?
opinion based
open questions
statistics and numbers
descriptive
What are 2 examples of qualitative data?
statistical
open questions
unstructured interview
closed questions
The term 'longitudinal study' means...
Studying different cultural groups
Studying norms and values globally
Studying a group over a long period of time
Studying a group's social interactions over 2 weeks
Something that is not morally correct is known as...
Biased
Prejudiced
Unethical
Discrimination
The explanations of research aims being given and agreed to by the participant is known as what?
Terms and Conditions
Agreed consent
Contractual obligation
Informed Consent
The question of whether the research has uncovered the truth about social life and is accurate in it's findings is known as what?
Reliability
Certainty
Validity
Accuracy
What does it mean if the research is 'reliable'?
It can be repeated in a different time and place and still produce similar results.
It can be applied to all poeple.
No one should be harmed during research study.
Findings reflect social characteristics of target population.
A small-scale study carried out as a trial of the main study is known as
Pilot study
Pre study
Longitudinal study
Primary study
Valid data is which of the following
Data that gives an accurate picture of what has been studied
Data that is collected by the researcher for their own study
Data collected in a way that could be repeated by another researcher
Data that proves the researcher's hypothesis
What is the BPS?
a book of all mental and physical diseases
guidelines for how to do psychological research
a code of conduct all professional psychologists in the UK must follow
a list of ethical considerations
The group of people a researcher wishes to study is the
sample
target population
target group
participants
How do researchers deal with privacy and confidentiality?
they should all be asked to sign a form so they know what to expect
they should all receive a debrief so they know what they've taken part in
they should all remain anonymous in any published data
What is a sample in research?
the whole target population
a piece of food you get to try
an educated guess
only part of the target population
What is bias?
a predisposition to a certain point of view despite what the facts suggest
believing the facts, despite one's opinion
listening to opinions of politicians
believing in childhood myths
___________ __________ is the group of people to which the findings of the study are expected to be generalized.
Sample
Random sampling
Target population
Matching variables
What term refers to making a concept in research measurable?
(a)
If a research study is BLANK it will reflect the population as a whole.
(a)
the measure of a relationship between two variable sets of data
Variable
Sampling
Correlation
Control Group
any factor capable of change
Variable
Sampling
Correlation
Experimental group
Which one is not a type of experiment used in Psychology
Lab
Natural
Qualitative
Field
in Psychological research, Ethics are about ensuring
the protection of all participants
all ethnic groups are considered
experiments are well planned
the results are clear
Which is not an ethical issue in Psychology
Informed consent
Deception
Confidentiality
Fit for purpose
Which is best to use for Quantitative data collection
Open questions
Direct questions
Simple questions
Closed questions
when working with other researchers to collect data to be interpreted it is necessary to establish
Ecological validity
Inter-observer reliability
Strong relationships
Mutual respect
To establish reliability a study must show
Consistency
Durability
Accurate results
Useful conclusions
Which is not a measure that represents average
Mean
Median
Range
Mode
taking a tally of how many times students check their phone during class and presenting it in a table would be an example of
A histogram
a Frequency table
a Bar chart
a pie chart
if you take the lowest score away from the highest score this give you the
mean
median
mode
Range
there are two types of Hypothesis - the Alternative and the
Testable
Operationalised
Null
Optional
how the IV influences the DV in an experiment can also be referred to as the
Experimenter Bias
Standardised procedure
Cause and effect relationship
the effecting cause relationship
Participants volunteer - usually in response to an advertisement in the local community or over the Internet.
Snowball sampling
Random Sampling
Self-selected sampling
Stratified Sampling
You want to ask 100 students their opinions on school dinners so question the first 100 students to enter the dinner hall at lunch time. This is an example of...
Random sampling
Cluster sampling
Opportunity sampling
Self-selected sampling
Sampling method where every member of the sampling frame has an equal chance of being chosen.
Random
Systematic
Opportunity
Stratified / Quota
Quickest and most convenient sampling method.
Random
Opportunity
Self selected
What is a participant observation?
Observations made by someone who is not participating in the activity being observed.
An observational technique where the observations are ‘open’. i.e. The participant know/are aware that they are being observed.
The researcher uses various ‘systems’ to organise behaviour, such as sampling techniques or behavioural categories.
Observations made by someone who is also participating in the activity being observed. This may affect their objectivity.
What is a strength of an overt observation?
Reduces ethical issues
Increases validity
Less social desirability
Less demand characteristics
Where is a controlled observation usually conducted?
A laboratory setting
A field setting
A natural setting
The pub
What are behavioural categories?
They are used in covert and overt observations
They are used when designing unstructured observations to record operationalised behaviours.
These are used when designing a structured observation to record operationalised behaviours.
They are used when looking at results of observations
What is a naturalistic observation?
An observation carried out in an unaltered setting in which the observer does not interfere in any way but merely observes the behaviour in question.
Observations made by someone who is also participating in the activity being observed. This may affect their objectivity.
An observation conducted under controlled conditions, such as an observation room.
Every instance of behaviour is recorded in a much detail as possible. This is useful if the behaviour you are interested in do not occur very often.
