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Physical Geology Quiz

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere?

a)

global warming

b)

solar system

c)

plate tectonics

d)

continental drift

2.

What are the three main types of rocks?

a)

Red, blue, green

b)

Solid, liquid, gas

c)

North, south, east

d)

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

3.

What are the primary differences between shield and composite volcanoes?

a)

Temperature, pressure, and density

b)

Age, height, and width

c)

Color, size, and location

d)

Shape, eruption type, and lava composition

4.

What are the three main types of plate boundaries?

a)

Convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries

b)

Tectonic, seismic, and fault boundaries

c)

Volcanic, earthquake, and rift boundaries

d)

Oceanic, continental, and subduction boundaries

5.

What are the four main processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

a)

Volcanism, subduction, melting, and crystallization

b)

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff

c)

Weathering, erosion, deposition, and lithification

d)

Freezing, thawing, expansion, and contraction

6.

What is the process of lithification in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

a)

Evaporation and crystallization of minerals

b)

Erosion and weathering of rocks

c)

Compaction and cementation of sediments

d)

Melting and solidification of magma

7.

What are the main factors that influence the formation of different rock types?

a)

Type of music, favorite food, and preferred mode of transportation

b)

Number of trees, amount of rainfall, and distance from the equator

c)

Color of the sky, type of soil, and wind speed

d)

Type of parent rock, temperature, pressure, and presence of fluids

8.

What are the main differences between P-waves and S-waves in an earthquake?

a)

Color and shape

b)

Temperature and pressure

c)

Taste and smell

d)

Speed, motion, and ability to travel through different mediums

9.

What are the main components of magma and how do they affect the type of volcanic eruption?

a)

Liquid (melt), solid (crystals), and gas (volatiles)

b)

Rocks, water, and air

c)

Ice, fire, and smoke

d)

Sand, gravel, and steam

10.

What are the main characteristics of igneous rocks and how are they formed?

a)

Igneous rocks are formed by the compression of existing rocks

b)

Igneous rocks are formed by erosion and sedimentation

c)

Igneous rocks are formed through the solidification and cooling of magma or lava. They are characterized by their crystalline structure and can be classified as intrusive or extrusive based on their formation process.

d)

Igneous rocks are characterized by their organic composition

11.

What are the main characteristics of metamorphic rocks and how are they formed?

a)

Metamorphic rocks are formed from organic matter decomposition and relithification

b)

Metamorphic rocks are formed from sedimentary rocks through erosion and recementation of the sediments

c)

Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks that are subjected to high heat, pressure, and chemical processes. They often have a banded or foliated texture and can contain minerals that are not found in the original rock.

d)

Metamorphic rocks are formed from volcanic eruptions that dissolve the surrounding material before relithifying

12.

What are the main characteristics of sedimentary rocks and how are they formed?

a)

Formed by the cooling and solidification of molten rock

b)

Accumulation and compression of sediments.

c)

Volcanic origin and high temperature formation

d)

Smooth and polished surface with no visible layers

13.

What are the main differences between clastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary rocks?

a)

Formation processes and composition

b)

Age and location

c)

Temperature and pressure

d)

Color and texture

14.

What are the main differences between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

a)

Shape and size

b)

Formation process and texture

c)

Color and weight

d)

Age and hardness

15.
What is the top layer of the Earth's surface called? 
a)
Mantle
b)
Innercore
c)
Outercore
d)
Crust
16.

Tectonic plates are made of which layer of the Earth?

a)

Lower Mantle

b)

Asthenosphere

c)

Lithosphere

d)

Core

17.

 Circular movements through the mantle that cause tectonic plates to move.

a)

Continental drift

b)

Convection current

c)

Mantel currents driven by the reduction of plate material

d)

Lithospheric currents

18.
Convergent Plate Movement can create
a)
Rifts
b)
Mountains
c)
Ocean Ridges
d)
Radiation
19.

Mid-ocean ridges are associated with

a)

Divergent Boundaries

b)

Convergent Boundaries

c)

Normal Boundaries

d)

Transform Boundaries

20.

When pressure builds between two tectonic plates in a transform boundary, it can suddenly release causing a (an) ______.

a)
Earthquake
b)
Volcano
c)
Convection Current
d)
Gravitational Pull
21.

What is the contour interval on this map?

(a)  

22.

What letter represents the highest point on this map?

(a)  

23.

What do the V-shaped contour lines represent?

a)

earth quake fault

b)

river valley

c)

hiking trail

d)

lava flow

24.

What letter represents a steep slope?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

25.
This happens as more layers of sediment are deposited over old layers.
a)
Deposition
b)
Inorganic
c)
Extrusive
d)
Compaction
26.
Molten material near or at the surface of the earth.
a)
Lava
b)
Erosion
c)
Cementation
d)
Intrusive
27.
Naturally formed inorganic solid with a definite chemical structure.
a)

Coarse Grain Igneous

b)

Talus

c)
Mineral
d)

Coal

28.
Movement of sediment from one location to another.
a)
Erosion
b)

weathering

c)

mass wasting

d)
Composition
29.
The process by which sediments are glued together.
a)
Cementation
b)
Compaction
c)
Foliated
d)

Conglomerate

30.
Molten material inside the earth.
a)
Lava
b)
Instusive
c)
Magma
d)
Igneous
31.
When the mineral grains in a rock are large enough to see without a magnifying glass.
a)

phaneritic

b)

aphanitic

c)

porphoritic

d)
Foliated
32.
The remains of rocks after weathering occurs.
a)
Compaction
b)

Detrital

c)
Sediment
d)

Talus

33.
Rock formation resulting from volcanic activity.
a)

Extrusive rocks

b)

intrusive rocks

c)

magnetic rocks

d)

crystaline rocks

34.
Rocks where the individual grains are too small to see.
a)

phaneritic

b)

aphanititc

c)

pegmatic

d)

glassy

35.
The various ingredients from which a substance is made up.
a)
Composition
b)
Cementation
c)

crystallization

d)

Compaction

36.
Rocks formed from heat, pressure, and or chemical change.
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Metamorphic
d)
Foliated
37.
The process by which sediments are laid down.
a)

Topography

b)
Weathering
c)

Degradation

d)
Deposition
38.
The breakdown of rock materials by physical or chemical (water, wind, ice, and heat) processes.
a)

weathering

b)

compaction

c)

diagnosis

d)

cementation

39.
Rock formation that is a result of cooled and solidified magma beneath the earth's surface.
a)
Extrusive
b)

Lava

c)
Intrusive
d)

Opalescent

40.
Texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are in plains or bands.
a)

Compounded

b)

Nonfoliated

c)

Banded

d)
Foliated
41.
Rocks that form from cooled, solidified molten material.
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
d)
Inorganic
42.

Which state of matter is the earth's inner core?

a)

plasma

b)

liquid

c)

solid

d)

gas

43.

Which earth layer is made up of the upper mantle and the crust?

a)

core

b)

lower mantle

c)

asthenosphere

d)

lithosphere

44.

Which scientist is credited with the Theory of Plate Tectonics (modern version of the Theory of Continental Drift)?

a)

Alfred Wegener

b)

Charles Darwin

c)

Robert Hooke

d)

Charles Lyell

45.

What is geology?

a)

the study of rocks

b)

the study of history

c)

the study of maps

d)

the study of earth

46.

What was an evidence for plate tectonics that was claimed by the author of the theory? Select all that apply.

a)

plate direction

b)

paleomagnitisium

c)

fossils on the coasts

d)

Mountain ranges

47.

Old-earth (or deep-time) geologists believe the earth to be ______________ years old.

a)

millions of

b)

several thousand

c)

billions of

d)

hundreds of

48.

This layer of the earth is the thickest part

a)

crust

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

inner core

49.

This layer of the earth is the thinnest part

a)

crust

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

inner core

50.

When we study the earth to learn about the past, we are studying

a)

historical geology

b)

operational geology

c)

paleontology

d)

archaeology

51.

The most recent unicontinent was called_______

a)

Panthalassa

b)

Terraganda

c)

Pangaea

d)

Gondwanda

52.

The waves of energy that travel through the earth's layers are

a)

scenic waves

b)

tidal waves

c)

cosmic waves

d)

seismic waves

53.

What percentage of Earth's volume is found in the crust?

a)

22%

b)

1%

c)

84%

d)

15%

54.

Which of the following is NOT a theory of how the earth came to be?

a)

Creation

b)

Nebular Hypothesis

c)

Big Bang Theory

d)

Dust Combination Theory

55.

The lithosphere includes the

a)

Crust only

b)

Mantle only

c)

Crust and part of the mantle

d)

None of the above

56.

Which of these is a characteristic of the earth that allows it to support life? Select all that apply

a)

The right amount of gravity

b)

The right tilt and rotation

c)

Plenty of liquid water

d)

An atmosphere that protects it

57.

What are the factors affecting runoff? Select all that apply

a)

slope

b)

porosity

c)

amount of rainfall

d)

vegetative cover

e)

amount of sunlight

58.

Chemical weathering of rock is common in ____________________ climates.

a)

warm, humid

b)

cold, humid

c)

warm, dry

d)

cold, dry

59.

The driving force behind erosion is...

a)

gravity

b)

climate

c)

infiltration

d)

chemical weathering

60.

The number one agent of erosion in our region is....

a)

animals

b)

surface water

c)

wind

d)

glacial action

61.

At a meander in a river, velocity is greatest...

a)

before the bend

b)

after the bend

c)

on the inside of the bend

d)

on the outside of the bend

62.

Which particles settle out first in a stream bed?

a)

heavy particles

b)

light particles

c)

soluble particles

d)

river bottom

63.

What are the four types of drainage patterns?

a)

dendritic (random)

b)

rectangular

c)

radial

d)

trellis (block)

e)

watershed

64.

When a rock is broken into smaller pieces it will....

a)

weather slower

b)

weather quicker

c)

won't weather at all

d)

become mud particles

65.

Fossils are found in which type of rock?

a)

sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

minerals

66.

These rocks are formed by the cooling of magma...

a)

sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

sediments

67.

The most abundant elements in Earth's crust are...

a)

silicon (S) and oxygen (O)

b)

hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)

c)

carbon (C) and oxygen (O)

d)

magnesium (Mg) and carbon (C)

68.

Unsorted materials have greater porosity?

a)

True

b)

False

69.
Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur...
a)

Around the Atlantic rim

b)

along Convergent plate boundaries

c)

Divergent Plate boundaries

d)

At transform plate boundaries

70.

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

a)

deposit

b)

mineral

c)

weathering

d)

erosion

71.

Use the following diagram to answer the question below:


What is the soil texture of the following soil sample?

Clay 10%, Sand 20%, Silt 70%

a)

Silt loam

b)

Clay

c)

Loam

d)

Sandy Clay

72.

Heat energy is most closely associated with the creation of which types of rocks?

a)

Igneous and Sedimentary

b)

Sedimentary and Metamorphic

c)

Igneous and Metamorphic

d)

Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic

73.

Humus which is the remains of decayed plant and animal matter is essential for the formation of which substance?

a)

Minerals

b)

Sediments

c)

Soils

d)

Surface Bedrocks

74.

How can water be an agent for physical weathering?

a)

By absorbing gases from the atmosphere and ground to chemically react with minerals

b)

By seeping into the soil and dissolving minerals in rocks

c)

By absorbing sulfur dioxide and creating acid precipitation

d)

By seeping into the cracks of rocks and freezing

75.

Which of the following conditions will most likely result in the fastest rate of chemical weathering?

a)

Hot temperature, Damp Conditions

b)

Hot temperatures, Dry Conditions

c)

Low temperatures, Damp Conditions

d)

Low temperatures, Dry Conditions

76.

How is physical weathering different from chemical weathering?

a)

Physical weathering changes the composition of the rock while chemical does not

b)

Physical weathering only acts on sedimentary rocks while chemical weathering only acts on igneous rocks

c)

Physical weathering only occurs in warm climates while chemical weathering only occurs in cool climates

d)

Chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock while physical does not

77.

Soil is the result of which of the following processes?

a)

Erosion by glaciers

b)

Weathering and biological activity

c)

Erosion by running water

d)

Deposition and human activity

78.

What is a hydrosphere?

a)

The total amount of water on a planet

b)

The movement of water through the hydrosphere

c)

The frozen part of the hydrosphere

d)

The study of water

79.

What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?

a)

90%

b)

70%

c)

50%

d)

30%

80.

Which is the oldest layer of rock?

a)

A

b)

M

c)

H

d)

L

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