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Genetics and DNA Review Quiz

Total questions: 58

Worksheet time: 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the basic unit of heredity?

a)

Gene

b)

Protein

c)

Cell

d)

Chromosome

2.

Who is known as the father of genetics?

a)

Isaac Newton

b)

Gregor Mendel

c)

Albert Einstein

d)

Charles Darwin

3.

What is the structure of DNA?

a)

Triple helix

b)

Single strand

c)

Double helix

d)

Square shape

4.

What are the building blocks of DNA?

a)

Proteins

b)

Lipids

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Nucleotides

5.

What is the function of chromosomes in the cell?

a)

Storing water in the cell

b)

Regulating cell division

c)

Producing energy for the cell

d)

Carrying genetic information

6.

How many chromosomes are in a human cell?

a)

46 chromosomes

b)

10 chromosomes

c)

50 chromosomes

d)

23 chromosomes

7.

What is a gene?

a)

A type of cell found in the human body

b)

A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring

c)

A type of carbohydrate found in plants

d)

A sequence of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins

8.

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

a)

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the physical characteristics.

b)

Genotype is only relevant for plants, while phenotype is only relevant for animals

c)

Genotype and phenotype are the same thing

d)

Genotype is the physical characteristics, while phenotype is the genetic makeup

9.

What is a Punnett square used for in genetics?

a)

To calculate the average lifespan of an organism

b)

To determine the dominant traits of an individual

c)

To analyze the environmental factors affecting gene expression

d)

To predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a genetic cross.

10.

What is a dominant trait?

a)

A genetic trait that is expressed when an individual has one copy of the dominant allele.

b)

A genetic trait that is only expressed in females

c)

A genetic trait that skips a generation

d)

A genetic trait that is only expressed in males

11.

What is a recessive trait?

a)

A genetic trait that is only passed down from the mother.

b)

A genetic trait that is always expressed, regardless of the presence of other alleles.

c)

A genetic trait that is expressed only when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele.

d)

A genetic trait that is expressed only when an individual has one copy of the dominant allele.

12.

What is the genotype of a person with two dominant alleles?

a)

Incomplete dominant

b)

Heterozygous dominant

c)

Homozygous recessive

d)

Homozygous dominant

13.

What is the phenotype of a person with one dominant and one recessive allele?

a)

No phenotype

b)

Recessive phenotype

c)

Double dominant phenotype

d)

Dominant phenotype

14.

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

a)

A nucleotide is composed of three phosphate groups and a sugar

b)

A nucleotide is composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

c)

A nucleotide is composed of a protein, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

d)

A nucleotide is composed of a lipid, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

15.

What is the role of DNA in the cell?

a)

Providing structure to the cell

b)

Producing energy for the cell

c)

Storing and transmitting genetic information

d)

Regulating the cell's water balance

16.

What is the function of a gene?

a)

It is a unit of heredity and codes for a specific protein

b)

It is responsible for the color of the cell

c)

It is responsible for the size of the cell

d)

It is responsible for the shape of the cell

17.

What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive trait?

a)

A dominant trait is always expressed, while a recessive trait is only expressed when two copies of the allele are present

b)

A dominant trait is only expressed in males, while a recessive trait is only expressed in females

c)

A dominant trait is only expressed in plants, while a recessive trait is only expressed in animals

d)

A dominant trait is only expressed when two copies of the allele are present, while a recessive trait is always expressed

18.

What is the process by which DNA is copied?

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Transcription

d)

Mutation

19.

What is a genetic mutation?

a)

A change in the sequence of DNA

b)

A change in the number of chromosomes

c)

A change in the shape of the cell

d)

A change in the size of the cell

20.

What is the process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

Inheritance

d)

Mutation

21.

What is the difference between a gene and an allele?

a)

A gene is a segment of DNA, while an allele is a variant form of a gene

b)

A gene is a variant form of an allele, while an allele is a segment of DNA

c)

A gene and an allele are the same thing

d)

There is no difference between a gene and an allele

22.

What is the process of creating an identical copy of an organism or cell?

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Cloning

d)

Mutation

23.

What is the term for a change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

Mutation

d)

Inheritance

24.

What is the process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells?

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Mutation

d)

Mitosis

25.

What is the term for the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics?

a)

Ecology

b)

Genetics

c)

Evolution

d)

Cell biology

26.
DNA stands for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
b)
Don't Know At All
27.
Which is an example of a inherited trait
a)
eye color
b)
style of clothes
c)
hair style
d)
riding a bike
28.
DNA is inside your cells. What part of the cell is the DNA inside of?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cytoplasm
c)
nucleus
29.
Homozygous means both alleles are?
a)
Same
b)
Different
30.
Which gene is heterozygous?
a)
TT
b)
Tt
c)
rr
d)
YY
31.
RR
a)
homozygous dominant
b)
homozygous recessive
c)
heterozygous
d)
phenotype
32.
Tt
a)
homozygous dominant
b)
homozygous recessive
c)
heterozygous
d)
phenotypes
33.
tt
a)
homozygous dominant
b)
homozygous recessive
c)
heterozygous
d)
phenotype
34.
What is a recessive allele?
a)
A trait that is always shown (capital letter)
b)
A trait that can be hidden (lower case letter)
c)
Alleles that are the same
d)
Alleles that are different
35.
What is a dominant allele?
a)
A trait that is always shown (capital letter)
b)
A trait that can be hidden (lower case letter)
c)
Alleles that are the same
d)
Alleles that are different
36.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
Blue eyes
37.
The physical characteristics that result from genes
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
c)
heterozygous
d)
homozygous
38.
The dominant trait as seen in this punnett square is
a)
yellow pea seeds
b)
green pea seeds
c)
there is no dominant seed
d)
Jolly green giant
39.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
40.

A ___ is a device used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of a particular cross.

a)

Punnett Square

b)

Dichotomous Key

41.

The ____ trait is expressed even if present with a contrasting recessive allele.

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

c)

neutral

42.

_____ is the genetic makeup of an organism.

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

43.

An organism is ____ if they have two different alleles for a trait.

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

44.

An organism is ____ if they have identical alleles for a trait.

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

45.

Who is the father of genetics?

a)

Mendel

b)

Hooke

c)

Linneaus

d)

Darwin

46.

What is another name for homozygous?

a)

pure

b)

hybrid

47.

What is another term for heterozygous?

a)

pure

b)

hybrid

48.

What is a phenotype?

a)

a population of organisms who share similar DNA

b)

the arrangement of genes responsible for determining traits

c)

an observable expression of a trait in an organism

d)

a trait that is passed from the father to male offspring

49.

What is a genotype?

a)

an identical gene that is passed through generations

b)

the traits of an organism that can be observed

c)

the type of species-specific traits that are found in populations of organisms

d)

the genes within DNA that are responsible for a trait in an organism

50.

A researcher found out that some related individuals can roll the lateral edges of their tongues while other related individuals are unable to do so. What could be said about the ability to roll tongues?

a)

It a behavioral trait

b)

It is an inherited trait.

c)

It is a physiological trait.

d)

It is an environmental trait.

51.

Which of the following defines heredity?

a)

the study of how behaviors are passed on from parent to offspring

b)

the manipulated changing of a trait in an organism

c)

the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next

d)

the ability of organisms to adapt to their environment

52.

Which statement best describes the relationship between inherited traits and genes?

a)

An individual's inherited traits are determined by genes, which are located inside a person's chromosomes.

b)

An individual's inherited traits are based on a person's environment, and the traits change over time.

c)

Inherited traits are determined by a person's health and nutrition.

d)

Inherited traits are determined only by a person's maternal parent.

53.

What is a probable reason that a trait skips a generation?

a)

The trait is recessive.

b)

The trait is dominant.

c)

The trait has been amplified.

d)

The trait is extinct.

54.

Albino rabbits are rabbits that don't have any pigmentation in their fur or eyes. Their eyes appear pink and their fur appears pure white. The gene for albinism is a recessive gene. If an albino rabbit (bb) breeds with a brown rabbit (Bb), what is the percent chance that they will produce an albino rabbit?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

55.

In squirrels, the gene for gray fur (G) is dominant over the gene for black fur (g). If 50% of a large litter of squirrels are gray, what was the most likely parental cross?

a)

GO × GO

b)

Gg × gg

c)

gg × gg

d)

GG × Gg

56.

A pea plant has seeds that are green (G), the dominant color for this trait. If this plant always produces offspring with green peas, what is the probable genotype of the pea plant?

a)

Gg

b)

gg

c)

GG

d)

YY

57.

What percent of the offspring in this Punnett Square are heterozygous?

a)

100%

b)

75%

c)

50%

d)

25%

58.

The diagram above is of a Punnett Square for the cross between two guinea pigs. The mother is homozygous recessive for soft fur. The father is homozygous dominant for rough fur. What percent of the offspring will have soft fur?

a)

75%

b)

50%

c)

25%

d)

0%