These are isomers that have the same

molecular formula, but different carbon skeleton.

These are isomers that have the

same molecular formula, but different position of the

substituents / functional group

Ex. 1

pentanol vs. 2 pentanol vs. 3 pentanol

1

heptene vs. 2 heptene vs. 3 heptene

These are isomers that have the

same molecular formula, but the arrangement of

molecules lead to a different functional group

Ex. 1 hexene vs. cyclohexane

1 Methoxybutane vs. pentanol

Isomers that have the same molecular formula and

connectivity of the atoms (constitution), but differ in the

three dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.

An atom with three or more different attachments,

interchanging of two of these attachments leads to another

stereoisomer.

is an atom,

typically carbon, with four different groups bonded to it.

•

All chiral centers are

stereocenters , however, not all stereocenters

are chiral centers.

Achiral molecules

have plane of symmetry.

Which of the following are chiral?

Light waves vibrating in all planes perpendicular to its

direction of propagation.

Light waves vibrating only in parallel planes.

Showing that a compound is capable rotating the

plane of plane polarized light.

Counterclockwise rotation of the plane

of plane polarized light. Indicated by (-)

Clockwise rotation of the plane of

plane polarized light. Indicated by (+)

(Cahn Ingold Prelog rules) is used to

determine configuration of the chiral center.

The higher the atomic number, the lower the priority. (The R,S system)

Stereoisomers that have 2 or more chiral

centers that are not mirror images of each other

Molecules that have a plane of

symmetry within itself

Meso compounds have multiple stereocenters that is superimposable on its mirror image