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Biology Semester 1 Exam

Total questions: 54

Worksheet time: 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the main source of energy in photosynthesis?

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

glucose

c)

light

d)

oxygen

2.

Which process has oxygen as a product and which has oxygen as a reactant?

a)

producers; consumers

b)

consumers; producers

c)

cellular respiration; photosynthesis

d)

photosynthesis; cellular respiration

3.

What complex biological molecule results from connected units of this building block?

a)

protein

b)

carbohydrate

c)

lipid

d)

nucleic acid

4.

Which biomolecule is used for long term energy storage?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

5.

What is the correct relationship between monomers and polymers?

a)

Monomers are macromolecules; polymers are micromolecules.

b)

Monomers are subunits of polymers.

c)

Monomers are long, connecting chains of polymers.

d)

Monomers are larger, more complex versions of polymers.

6.

What statement about enzymes is true?

a)

Enzymes remove energy barriers so that reactions occur at will.

b)

Reactants become products quicker without the use of enzymes, which are known energy drains.

c)

Enzymes are chemically changed by a reaction.

d)

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy

7.

One strand in a molecule of DNA contains the sequence below.


CGGATAGC


Which sequence is the complementary strand?

a)

ATTGCGTA

b)

UAACGCAU

c)

TAACGCAT

d)

GCCTATCG

8.

One strand in a molecule of DNA is represented by the sequence below.

AGTTACA

Which of the following does each letter represent?

a)

a sugar

b)

a nitrogenous base

c)

a protein

d)

a phosphate group

9.

In 1953, Watson and Crick were able to propose the double-helicase model with a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside of the molecule. Which of the following earlier discoveries was most instrumental to this important discovery?

a)

first photo of DNA by Rosalind Franklin in 1951

b)

the 1948 discovery by Linus Pauling that proteins take the shape of an alpha helix

c)

the identification of DNA as the agent of bacterial transformation by Oswald Avery

d)


the discovery by Hershey and Chase that only DNA from a virus need enter a bacterial cell to cause an infection

10.

Which of the following nucleotides is NOT found in DNA?

a)

thyamine

b)

cytosine

c)

uracil

d)

guanine

11.

A chromosomal mutation is best described as —

a)

mutations that involve changes in the number or structure of chromosomes in a cell or organism

b)

changes in the “reading sections” of a protein code frame that affect the subsequent amino acids

c)

an amino acid substitution that changes all of the subsequent protein codes on the chromosome

d)

a change in the genetic make-up of an organism that causes speciation to occur in a population

12.

The enzymes that catalyst that speed up chemical reactions by binding to specific substrates and helping either break them apart, or bind together. Enzymes are what type of biomolecule? 

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

13.

The concept map below shows the flow of energy and materials in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.


Which molecules are represented in the figure by the number 2?

a)

H2O and O2

b)

H2O and CO2

c)

sugars and O2

d)

sugars and CO2

14.

A mutation that results in a nucleotide being inserted into the DNA sequence is referred to as a--

a)

deletion

b)

substitution

c)

insertion

d)

inversion

15.

During which process does crossing over occur?

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

chiasma

d)

chromatid

16.

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number from ________ to ________.

a)

haploid; diploid

b)

triploid; diploid


c)

diploid; haploid

d)

diploid; triploid

17.

In humans, the form of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is halved to produce gametes is known as —

a)

mitosis

b)

centrioles

c)

meiosis

d)

cytokinesis

18.

In Camellia flowers, petal color is inherited codominantly with the possible colors being red, white, and red and white spots. What would be the chance of getting a spotted flower if you cross a red flower with a white flower?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

75%

d)

100%

19.

In Snapdragons, petal color is inherited through incomplete dominance with the possible colors being red, white, and pink. What would be the chance of getting a pink flower if you cross a red flower and white flower? 

a)

0%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

20.


The Punnett square above shows a cross between two plants. Both plants were heterozygous for dark green leaves (G) and carry the recessive trait for light green leaves (g). In this cross, 50% of the offspring will be —

a)

homozygous and have dark green leaves

b)

homozygous and have light green leaves

c)

heterozygous and have dark green leaves

d)

heterozygous and have light green leaves

21.

The Punnett square above shows a cross between an animal that is heterozygous for the dominant trait of having horns and an animal that is homozygous recessive and has no horns. What percentage of the offspring from this cross will have horns?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

22.

The Punnett square above shows a cross between a homozygous dominant trait and a heterozygous trait. The percentage of homozygous dominant offspring produced in this cross would be —

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

23.

In cocker spaniels the allele for a black coat color (B) is dominant over the allele for a brown coat color (b).

If a homozygous recessive cocker spaniel is crossed with a heterozygous black cocker spaniel, which of the following genotypic ratios can be expected?

a)

0 BB

2 Bb

2 bb

b)

1 BB

2 Bb

1 bb

c)

2 BB

0 Bb

2 bb

d)

2 BB

1 Bb

0 bb

24.

Chickens can have different types of feathers. Frizzled feathers curl toward a chicken’s head. Assume that feather type is determined by a single gene and that the allele for frizzled feathers is dominant over the allele for straight feathers. In a cross between two homozygous dominant chickens, what percentage of the offspring can be expected to have frizzled feathers?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

25.

Which one of the cells shown is prokaryotic?

a)

The cell that contains the nucleus

b)

The cell that contains the ribosomes

c)

The cell that does not contain the nucleus

d)

The cell that contains cytoplasm

26.

Which one of the cells shown is eukaryotic?

a)

The cell that contains the nucleus

b)

The cell that contains the ribosomes

c)

The cell that does not contain the nucleus

d)

The cell that contains cytoplasm

27.

What is the function of the cell wall in a plant cell?

a)

contain waste products of the cell

b)

contain waste products of the cell

c)

control the functions of the cell

d)

provide structural support and protection

28.

Viruses use host cells to –

a)

create fermentation products

b)

facilitate respiration

c)

reproduce

d)

create antibodies

29.

This is a model of the cell cycle. What is the name of the phase represented by the yellow arrow?

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

interphase

30.

This is a model of the cell cycle. What does the S stand for?

a)

Synthesis Phase

b)

Separation Phase

c)

Support Phase

d)

Stop Phase

31.

The above cellular process occurs in which stage of the cell cycle?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

M

32.

Mitosis is the final stage of cellular division where the nucleus divides. Before entering this stage, the DNA exists in strands called chromatin. In order to divide, the chromatin must condense down into chromosomes. This condensing of chromatin into chromosomes occurs in which stage of Mitosis?

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

33.

Mitosis is the final stage of cellular division where the nucleus divides. In order to divide correctly, spindle fibers maneuver the chromosomes to where they line up in the center of the cell. Which stage of mitosis does this occur in?

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

34.

Mitosis is the final stage of cellular division where the nucleus divides. In order to ensure that the correct number of chromosomes end up in each new nucleus, spindle fibers that are connected at the middle of the chromosomes shorten and pull the chromatids to the sides of the cell. Which stage of mitosis does this occur in?

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

35.

Mitosis is the final stage of cellular division where the nucleus divides. After the spindle fibers have pulled the chromosomes to the sides of the cell the cell creates new nuclear membranes around each set of chromosomes. Which stage of mitosis does this occur in?

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

36.

Which of the following describes the process of cellular differentiation. 

a)

cellular differentiation is where new, genetically different cells are created called gametes. 

b)

Cellular differentiation occurs during the daytime, where plants create their own food.

c)

Cellular differentiation is where cells become differentiated, creating cells that are specialized in certain jobs. 

d)

Cellular differentiation ceases to occur before adulthood.

37.

How does mRNA help in the process of transcription and translation. 

a)

mRNA creates the amino acid chain that will eventually code for the specific protein that makes up a specific organ.

b)

mRNA takes the DNA code to the ribosome so that the specific protein can be made.

c)

mRNA is stored in the nucleus and carries the genetic code to make all of the specific structures of the body

d)

mRNA packages the proteins and takes them out of the cell

38.

The disorder that may occur when the cell cycle is disrupted and can result in the uncontrollable division of cells within the body is called –

a)

AIDS

b)

multiple sclerosis

c)

cystic fibrosis

d)

cancer

39.

There are no membrane-bound organelles inside _______, means that there will not be any _________ found inside of them.

a)

eukaryotes; nucleus

b)

eukaryotes; ribosomes

c)

prokaryotes; nucleus

d)

prokaryotes; ribosomes

40.

Two flowering plants are cross-pollinated. One plant has red flowers (Bb) and the other plant has white flowers (bb). Red is the dominant phenotype for flower color, and white is the recessive phenotype.

What is the percentage chance of these two flowering plants producing seeds that will grow plants with white flowers?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

41.

In pea plants, round and yellow are dominant traits, and wrinkled and green are recessive traits. Select the rectangle(s) that have a homozygous recessive genotype for all traits.

What is the genotype for wrinkled and green.

a)

RR YY

b)

rr yy

c)

Rr Yy

d)

Rr yy

42.

______________ is a type of inheritance in which two alleles of the same gene yield different traits in an individual.

a)

Codominance

b)

Sex-linked inheritance

c)

Incomplete dominance

d)

Law of Segregation

43.

______________ refers to the inheritance of traits that are located on genes on the sex chromosomes.

a)

Codominance

b)

Sex-linked inheritance

c)

Incomplete dominance

d)

Law of Segregation

44.

______________ is a form of gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene are partially expressed.

a)

Codominance

b)

Sex-linked inheritance

c)

Incomplete dominance

d)

Law of Segregation

45.

______________explains that the pair of alleles separate from each other during gamete formation.

a)

Codominance

b)

Sex-linked inheritance

c)

Incomplete dominance

d)

Law of Segregation

46.

Different versions of a gene are called __________

a)

alleles

b)

dominant

c)

codominance

d)

recessive

47.

Genes that are ______________ show their effects even if the individual has only one copy.

a)

alleles

b)

dominant

c)

codominance

d)

recessive

48.

If both versions of a gene are dominant, this is called ________________.

a)

alleles

b)

dominant

c)

codominance

d)

recessive

49.

Alleles that only show their phenotype if both copies are present are termed _____________.

a)

alleles

b)

dominant

c)

codominant

d)

recessive

50.

In Camellia flowers, petal color is inherited codominantly with the possible colors being red, white, and red and white spots. What would be the chance of getting a red and white spotted flower if you cross a spotted flower with a white flower?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

75%

d)

50%

51.

A scientist is reviewing the following features about a cell under a microscope.


Is this cell a eukaryote or a prokaryote?

a)

This is a prokaryote because it has ribosomes that synthesize proteins.

b)

This is a eukaryote because it has a nucleus.

c)

This is a prokaryote because it has a cell wall.

d)

This is a eukaryote because only eukaryotes have cell walls.

52.

What is the function of the cell wall in a plant cell?

a)

contain waste products of the cell

b)

generate the cell's supply of energy

c)

control the functions of the cell

d)

provide structural support and protection

53.

Which diagram demonstrates how crossing-over contributes to genetic variety during meiosis?

a)

b)

c)

d)

54.

Sexual reproduction in animals depends on the production of gametes. Which of these processes produces gametes in animals?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Fertilization

c)

Meiosis

d)

Binary fission