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WorksheetsWinter Break Assignment!!!!
Total questions: 95
Worksheet time: 48mins
Before conducting an experiment, two students gathered information about the effect of greenhouse gases on global warming. Student A found information in a newspaper article. Student B found information in several peer-reviewed scientific journals and on three websitesAfter gathering the information, the students presented the information to their class. The class gave the students suggestions about how to continue with their experiment. How does this step benefit the investigation?
Feedback from the class will help them design a better experiment.
Feedback creates confusion, and will complicate the investigation.
The students' investigation will be unaffected because the class is not carrying out the
experiment.
The investigation will be unchanged because students can use information only from
published sources to design the experiment.
A student performed an experiment to see if water temperature affects the level of activity in aquatic snails. The student set up four tanks with five snails in each tank. All four of the setups were identical in every way, except for the temperature of the water. In order to make the conclusions more valid, the student could
alter the pH of the water
change the size of the tank
carry out the experiment for a shorter period of
time
use a larger number of snails
Which activity would be an appropriate first step when designing an experiment?
reporting a conclusion based on multiple experimental trials
researching the problem, using information from a variety of sources
creating a data table to organize experimental observations
repeating the experiment with a different hypothesis
A biologist formulates a hypothesis, performs experiments to test his hypothesis, makes careful observations, and keeps accurate records of his findings. In order to complete this process, the biologist should
adjust the data to support the hypothesis
eliminate data that do not support the
hypothesis
write a research paper explaining his theories
before performing his experiments, in order to
gain funding sources
evaluate the findings and, if necessary, alter
the hypothesis based on his findings, and test the new hypothesis
A company that manufactures a popular multivitamin wanted to determine whether their multivitamin had any side effects. For its initial study, the company chose 2000 individuals to take one of their multivitamin tablets per day for one year. Scientists from the company surveyed the participants to determine whether they had experienced any side effects. The greatest problem with this procedure is that
only one brand of vitamin was tested
the study lasted only one year
the sample size was not large enough
no control group was used
Which statement about the use of independent variables in controlled experiments is correct?
A different independent variable must be used each time an experiment is repeated.
The independent variables must involve time.
Only one independent variable is used for
each experiment.
The independent variables state the problem
being tested.
Which compound is inorganic?
glucose (C6Hl2O6)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
ethane (C2H6)
stearic acid (Cl8H36O2)
Which elements are present in all organic
compounds?
hydrogen and oxygen
nitrogen and oxygen
nitrogen and carbon
hydrogen and carbon
Which compound is a polysaccharide?
glucose
maltase
ribose
starch
Which organic compound is correctly matched
with the subunit that composes it?
maltose–amino acid
starch–glucose
protein–fatty acid
lipid–sucrose
Which statement best describes point A and point
B on the graph?
The concentration of sugars is greater at
point A than it is at point B
The concentration of sugars is greater at
point B than it is at point A.
The starch concentration is the same at point
A as it is at point B.
The starch concentration is greater at point B
than it is at point A.
The way a protein molecule is folded determines the shape of the molecule, which determines the
function of that protein
structure of ATP containing that protein
type of simple sugars in that protein
amino acids in that protein
The shape of a protein is originally determined by the
size of the protein molecule
location of the protein within the cell
arrangement of amino acids in the protein
function the protein must carry out
What is the shape of a protein molecule
influenced by?
whether it is organic or inorganic
changes in temperature or pH
the number of genes found in the nucleus
the number of chromosomes in the cell
Plants such as the Venus flytrap produce chemical compounds that break down insects into substances that are usable by the plant. The chemical compounds that break down the insects are most likely
fats
minerals
biological catalysts
complex carbohydrates
Which statement best describes enzymes?
They slow down the rate of breathing.
They are the building blocks of polymers.
They speed up the conduction of impulses
along a nerve cell.
They influence the rate of chemical reactions.
The diagram below illustrates the movement of glucose across a cell membrane.
Which two processes are most directly represented in this diagram?
ATP synthesis and the diffusion of water
molecule transport and energy use
homeostasis and ATP synthesis
homeostasis and the diffusion of water
The diagram below represents a cell and some molecules in its environment.
Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to be brought into the cell?
1
2
3
4
A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when
it is a large organic food molecule such as protein or starch
it is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuole
the concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than inside
the pH of the substance is greater than the pH of the cell
The diagram below shows the same type of molecules in area A and area B. With the passage of time, some
molecules move from area A to area B.
This movement is the result of which process?
transpiration
respiration
active transport
diffusion
Which dissolved substance do aquatic animals remove from their external environment for use in cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide
ATP molecules
oxygen molecules
nitrogen gas
Which life process carried out by a green plant is represented in the diagram below?
respiration
photosynthesis
digestion
replication
The energy used to obtain, transfer, and transport materials within an organism comes directly from
ATP
DNA
sunlight
starch
During the process of photosynthesis, energy from the Sun is converted into
chemical energy in the bonds of inorganic molecules
chemical energy in the bonds of organic molecules
enzymes used to produce inorganic molecules
enzymes used to produce organic molecules
The diagram below represents levels of organization in living things.Which term would best represent X?
human
tissue
stomach
organelle
In which cell structure is energy extracted from nutrients?
chloroplast
ribosome
mitochondrion
vacuole
An ameba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digests the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process the digested food. From this, we can best infer that
all single-celled organisms have lysosomes to digest food
amebas are capable of digesting any type of food molecule
single-celled organisms are as complex as multicellular organisms
structures in amebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms
Which cell structure is represented by B?
vacuole
ribosome
cytoplasm
chloroplast
One primary function of the cell membrane is
regulating the flow of simple sugars into or out of the cell
synthesizing substances by breaking down cell organelles
storing carbohydrates, water, and starches for future use
digesting carbohydrates, fats, and protein
Which cell structures are correctly paired with their functions?
The mitochondria produce enzymes, and ribosomes transport them.
The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleus stores genetic information.
The cell membrane make enzymes, and cytoplasm transports them.
The vacuole stores genetic information, and chloroplasts make proteins.
The function of which cell part is most similar to that of the human excretory system?
A
B
C
D
Before starch can enter a cell, it must be
absorbed by simple sugars
diffused into simple sugars
digested to form simple sugars
actively transported by simple sugars
The diagram below represents a portion of the human body.
The principal function of structure X is to
produce salivary enzymes
secrete sex hormones
absorb water
digest bile
Which process is illustrated in the diagrams below?
circulation
absorption
peristalsis
ingestion
What is the role of teeth in digestion?
They break down food chemically, aiding the movement of the food through the esophagus.
They break down food chemically, mixing saliva with the food for easier digestion.
They break down food mechanically, increasing the surface area of the food for enzyme action.
They break down food mechanically, stimulating enzyme synthesis in the food.
An infection in the body might result in a sudden
decrese in the activity of antigens produced by the mitochondria
decrese in the amount of DNA present in the nuclei of cells
increase in the activity of white blood cells
increase in the number of red blood cells
A process that occurs in the human body is represented in the diagram below. Which statement is most closely associated with the diagram?
Small molecules are obtained from large molecules during digestion.
Certain molecules are replicated by means of a template.
Receptor molecules play an important role in communication between cells.
Energy from nutrients is utilized for waste disposal.
After a hormone enters the bloodstream, it is transported throughout the body, but the hormone affects only certain cells. Only certain cells are affected because the membranes of these cells have what specific
structures?
receptors
tissues
antibodies
carbohydrates
A similarity between the nervous system and the endocrine system in humans is that they both
are composed of neurons
are composed of glands
maintain homeostasis
secrete chemicals across synapses
Cells of the immune system are able to respond to the presence of invading
organisms because they recognize the
antigens present on the invaders
antibodies present in invading pathogens
DNA pattern in the nuclei of viruses
antibiotics released from microbes
Which activity is not a response of human white blood cells to pathogens?
engulfing and destroying bacteria
producing antibodies
identifying invaders for destruction
removing carbon dioxide
Which type of pathogenic microbe causes AIDS?
a bacterium
a virus
a multicellular fungus
a single-celled algae
A vaccine for the viral disease known as chicken pox would contain
a large amount of live virus
several different antibiotics
a dead or weakened form of the pathogen
a small number of white blood cells
Drugs to reduce the risk of rejection are given to organ transplant patients because the donated organ contains
foreign antigens
foreign antibodies
DNA molecules
pathogenic microbe
Which disorder could develop in the human body when the immune system attacks
a usually harmless environmental substance?
AIDS
cancer
an allergy
an infection
Which statement does not identify a characteristic of antibodies?
They are produced by the body in response to the presence of foreign
substances.
They may be produced in response to an antigen.
They are nonspecific, acting against any foreign substance in the body.
They may be produced by white blood cells.
Which phrases best identify characteristics of asexual reproduction?
one parent, union of gametes, offspring similar to but not genetically identical to the parent
one parent, no union of gametes, offspring genetically identical to parents
two parents, union of gametes, offspring similar to but not genetically identical to parents
two parents, no union of gametes, offspring genetically identical to parents
One function of the male reproductive system in mammals is to
produce insulin necessary for sexual reproduction
transport eggs necessary for fertilization
allow for delivery of gametes needed for reproduction
provide protection for the developing zygote
The inability of sperm cells to move normally could prevent the production of offspring by interfering with
meiosis
mitosis
fertilization
differentiation
A reproductive system is represented in the diagram below. If an injury occurred to the structure labeled A, the most likely result would be a problem with
delivery of sperm
production of gametes
production of hormones
excretion of urine
The reproductive system of the human male produces gametes and
transfers gametes to the female for internal fertilization
produces enzymes that prevent fertilization
releases hormones involved in external fertilization
provides an area for fertilization
The reproductive cycle in females is regulated primarily by
estrogen and testosterone
estrogen and progesterone
progesterone and insulin
progesterone and testosterone
In which structure would both mitosis and differentiation of an embryo occur?
G
B
E
D
Essential materials needed for development are transported to a human fetus through the
reproductive hormones
egg cell
placenta
ovaries
What is the human female reproductive system adapted for?
production of zygotes in ovaries
external fertilization of gametes
production of milk for a developing embryo
transport of oxygen through a placenta to a fetus
The reproductive cycle of a human is usually regulated by
sex cells
hormones
natural selection
immune responses
In humans, a sperm cell and an egg cell normally fuse in the upper portion of the
cervix
vagina
oviduct
ovary
The diagram below shows an alteration that occurred during the replication process of a portion of a gene. The numbers identify the locations of specific bases in the sequence
This alterations is most likely the result of
a substitution at base 2
a deletion of base 4
an insertion of base 3
a deletion of base 2
Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below.
The region labeled A is made up of a section of
a protein that becomes an enzyme
DNA that may direct protein synthesis
a carbohydrate made from amino acids
glucose that may be copied to make DNA
Changing one base in a gene could have the most direct effect on the
function of the membrane of a cell
sequence of building blocks of a protein found
in a cell
number of mitochondria in a cell
type of carbohydrates synthesized by a cell
The diagram below represents a portion DNA molecule.
The letters represent different types of
sugar molecules
molecular bases
enzymes
proteins
Part of a molecule found in cells is represented below.
Which process is most directly affected by the arrangement of components 1 through 4?
diffusion through cell membranes
fertilization of a sex cell
sequencing of amino acids in cells
increasing the number of cells in an organism
What is the relationship between these three structures?
DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.
Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
Which statement best describes the main function of this type of molecule?
It is a structural part of the cell wall.
It stores energy for metabolic processes.
It determines what traits may be inherited.
It transports materials across the cell
membrane.
Researchers have found that formaldehyde and asbestos can alter DNA base sequences. Based on this research, the use of these chemicals has been greatly reduced because they
may act as fertilizers, increasing the growth of algae in ponds
have been replaced by more toxic compounds
are capable of causing mutations in humans
interfere with the production of antibiotics by
white blood cells
Which statement is correct regarding the cells and DNA?
All the cells have identical DNA.
The DNA of the fertilized egg differs from the DNA of all the other cells.
The DNA of the fertilized egg differs from some, but not all, of the other cells.
Only the fertilized egg contains DNA.
Which statement is true regarding an alteration or change in DNA?
It is always known as a mutation.
It is always advantageous to an individual.
It is always passed on to offspring.
It is always detected by the process of
chromatography.
A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in a messenger-RNA molecule is known as a
codon
gene
polypeptide
nucleotide
Which base is normally used in the synthesis of RNA but not in the synthesis of DNA?
adenine
uracil
cytosine
guanine
In a cell, the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA occurs in the
cell membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
nucleolus
In a cell, protein synthesis is the primary function of
ribosomes
mitochondria
chloroplasts
vacuoles
What is the sequence of subunits in a protein most directly dependent on?
the region in the cell where enzymes are produced
DNA in the chromosomes in a cell
the type of cell in which starch is found
kinds of materials in the cell membrane
Over the past few thousand years, humans have helped to bring about changes in many plant and animal species in order to make them more useful. Examples include strong workhorses, hunting dogs, large-eared corn, and beautiful flower varieties. These changes were primarily brought about by humans, using the process of
mitosis
selective breeding
cloning
natural selection
For those individuals who have an allergic reaction to cats, a company in Los Angeles promises relief. They offer a new line of cats genetically modified to eliminate or reduce their allergy-causing properties. The development of this new line of cats most likely involved
using natural selection to produce a new variety of cat
altering the reproductive rate of cats
changing the behavior of cats
manipulating the DNA of cats
Selective breeding is a technique that is used to
give all organisms a chance to reproduce
produce offspring with certain desirable traits
produce organisms from extinct species
keep farm crops free of all mutations
The arrows in the diagram below indicate the development of four different varieties of vegetable plants from wild mustard.
Each of these varieties was most likely produced as a result of
asexual reproduction in the wild for many years
changes in light availability
competition between plants
selective breeding over many generations
To produce large tomatoes that are resistant to cracking and splitting, some seed companies use the pollen from one variety of tomato plant to fertilize a different variety of tomato plant. This process is an example of
selective breeding
DNA sequencing
direct harvesting
cloning
Artificial selection is illustrated by
random mating taking place in a population
the appearance of a new species on an isolated island
a gardener producing a new hybrid by cross-pollinating plants
wind assisting the pollination of grass in a field
Which phrase best describes a possible result of this process?
the production of gametes having both human and bacterial DNA
the production of a human hormone by the bacterial cell
the introduction of a pathogen into a human cell
the separation of DNA fingerprints in the bacterial cell
Scientists have found a gene in the DNA of a certain plant that could be the key to increasing the amount of lycopene, a cancer-fighting substance, in tomatoes.
The ability to produce increased amounts of lycopene will be passed on to new tomato cells as a direct result of
recycling
mitosis
enzyme action
gene expression
Scientists have found a gene in the DNA of a certain plant that could be the key to increasing the amount of lycopene, a cancer-fighting substance, in tomatoes.
The process of inserting this gene into the DNA of a tomato plant is known as
selective breeding
genetic engineering
cloning
replication
A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below.
Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragments at the lower end are
larger, and move slower
larger, and move faster
smaller, and move faster
smaller, and move slower
If a gene is inserted into the DNA of a bacterial cell, every cell produced by that cell will have
DNA that is different from that of the other cells produced
a 50% chance of having a copy of the inserted gene
a copy of the inserted gene
a new type of DNA base
The DNA of a human cell can be cut and rearranged by using
a scalpel
electrophoresis
hormones
enzymes
Electrophoresis is a method of
separating DNA fragments
changing the genetic code of an organism
indicating the presence of starch
separating colored compounds on a strip of paper
The flounder is a species of fish that can live in very cold water. The fish produces an "antifreeze" protein that prevents ice crystals from forming in its blood. The DNA for this protein has been identified. An enzyme is used to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA that is then spliced into the DNA of a strawberry plant. As a result, the plant can now produce a protein that makes it more resistant to the damaging effects of frost. This process is known as
sorting of genes
genetic engineering
recombination of chromosomes
mutation by deletion of genetic material
A product of genetic engineering technology is represented below.
Which substance was needed to join the insulin gene to the bacterial DNA as shown?
a specific carbohydrate
a specific enzyme
hormones
antibodies
The production of certain human hormones by genetically engineered bacteria results from
inserting a specific group of amino acids into the bacteria
combining a portion of human DNA with bacterial DNA and inserting this into bacteria
crossing two different species of bacteria combining a portion of human DNA with bacterial DNA and inserting this into bacteria
deleting a specific amino acid from human DNA and inserting it into bacterial DNA
Which statement best describes the result of some of the processes involved in genetic engineering?
They alter the arrangement of hereditary material.
They provide energy for mitosis and meiosis.
They are necessary for normal gamete formation.
They reduce variation in organisms that reproduce asexually.
What prevents scientists from cloning humans despite the fact that other mammals such as sheep have been cloned?
the technology to clone humans has not been explored
human reproduction is very different from that of other mammals
there are many ethical problems involved in cloning humans
cloning humans would take too long
The diversity of organisms present on Earth is the result of
ecosystem stability
homeostasis
natural selection
direct harvesting
In order for a species to evolve, it must be able to
consume a large quantity of food
reproduce successfully
maintain a constant body temperature
be domesticated
Which statement concerning production of offspring is correct?
Production of offspring is necessary for a species to survive, but it is not necessary for an individual to survive.
An organism can reproduce without performing any of the other life processes.
Production of offspring is necessary for an individual organism to survive, while the other life processes
are important for a species to survive.
Reproduction is a process that requires gametes in all species.
Which statement is most closely related to the modern theory of evolution?
Characteristics that are acquired during life are passed to offspring by sexual reproduction.
Evolution is the result of mutations and recombination, only.
Organisms best adapted to a changed environment are more likely to reproduce and pass their genes to
offspring.
Asexual reproduction increases the survival of species.
Farmers on a few of the Galapagos Islands have orchards of oranges, apples, grapes, and pears. Which species of finch would consume these foods?
woodpecker finch
small ground finch
sharp-beaked ground finch
vegetarian tree finch
