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ESS Semester 1 Final Practice Test

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which is an example of an intrusion?

a)

Layer E

b)

Layer B

c)

Layer C

d)

Layer D

2.

Lines of latitude and longitude are measured in

a)

Only north and south

b)

Degrees of a circle

c)

Only east and west

d)

Degrees of a compass

3.

Latitude lines on a globe run from

a)

north to south

b)

east to west

c)

north to east

d)

south to west

4.

When measuring lines of latitude, always begin with the ______________, which represents 0 degrees

a)

Prime meridian

b)

Equator

c)

Longitude

d)

North pole

5.

On a globe, the Prime Meridian is the

a)

Horizontal, center line

b)

Vertical, center line

c)

180 degree line

d)

15 degree line

6.

Earth's four main systems are independent of one another.

a)

True

b)

False

7.

This type of weathering occurs when rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces of rock.

a)

Mechanical weathering

b)

Chemical weathering

c)

Erosion weathering

d)

Deposition

8.

This type of weathering occurs when rocks weaken then break down due to chemical changes in the composition of the rock.

a)

Mechanical weathering

b)

Chemical weathering

c)

Erosion weathering

d)

Deposition

9.

How might a weathered mountain appear different than an unweathered mountain?

a)

Weathered mountain would be taller

b)

Weathered mountain would be rounder and less jagged

c)

Weathered mountain would be more jagged and less rounded

d)

Weathered mountain would have no trees

10.

How is mechanical weathering different from chemical weathering?

a)

Chemical weathering happens over a much shorter time frame than mechanical weathering.

b)

Chemical weathering changes the chemical composition of rocks; mechanical weathering does not.

c)

Chemical weathering occurs only in tropical climates; mechanical weathering occurs only in cool climates.

d)

Chemical weathering occurs only in the mountains; mechanical weathering occurs only on flat land.

11.

The formation of stalactites and stalagmites in a cave as water mixed with carbon dioxide creates carbonic acid, which dissolves away the limestone, is an example of:

a)

Mechanical Weathering

b)

Chemical Weathering

12.

The natural chemical or physical processes that break down rock on Earth's surface.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Jackhammering

13.

The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered rock and soil from one place to another.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Jackhammering

14.

The time it takes for half of a radioactive isotopes to decay into stable isotopes is called the

a)

Absolute age

b)

Relative age

c)

Half life

d)

Varve

15.

If a wall is 300,000,000 cm tall and each varve is 5 cm thick, how long did the wall take to form?

a)

300,000,000 years

b)

60,000,000 years

c)

1,500,000,000 years

d)

None of the above

16.

Varves form _________________ in ___________________

a)

randomly, oceans

b)

each year, streams

c)

each year, glacial lakes

d)

randomly, mountains

17.

How old do Paleontologists believe the Earth is?

a)

4.6 billion years

b)

3.2 billion years

c)

4.6 million years

d)

3.2 million years

18.

By saying: "I am older than my sister," is an example of which type of dating used in Geology

a)

relative age

b)

absolute age

c)

uniformitarianism

d)

half lives

19.

How many half lives have passed if 25% parent isotope remains?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

20.

How did oxygen develop in Earth’s atmosphere?

a)

cyanobacteria

b)

outgassing

c)

evaporation

d)

meteors brought it

21.

Which era covers most of (90%) geologic time?

a)

Mesozoic era

b)

Precambrian era

c)

Cenozoic era

d)

Paleozoic era

22.

Jellyfish are one of the oldest species on Earth. In what time period did they first appear?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Triassic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Last 1000 years

23.

If 12.5% parent isotope remains, how much daughter isotope should be present?

a)

25%

b)

12.5%

c)

87.5%

d)

Not enough information

24.

What is typically seen after a mass extinction event?

a)

new species thriving

b)

ice age

c)

same dominant species

d)

none of the above

25.

Which of the following is not a method of determining absolute age?

a)

cyanobacteria

b)

varves

c)

rate of deposition

d)

ice cores

26.

What type of event causes oceans to transgress (higher water level)

a)

glacier melting

b)

flood

c)

cooling climate

d)

glacier formation

27.

What type of life was seen at the end of the precambrian?

a)

only prokaryotes

b)

simple marine life

c)

dinosaurs

d)

no life existed yet

28.

Which is not a theory for the start of life?

a)

meteors

b)

deep ocean vents

c)

volcanic eruption

d)

none of the above

29.

The study of Earth’s history using fossils is called?

a)

biology

b)

meteorology

c)

anthropology

d)

paleontology

30.

How did the Earth form?

a)

cyanobacteria

b)

supernova

c)

giant impact

d)

particles sticking together

31.

The oldest layer of an anticline fold is located

a)

on an incline

b)

in the center of the fold

c)

within a syncline

d)

on the bottom of the fold

32.

Which of the following is the youngest?

a)

Layer A

b)

Layer C

c)

Layer E

d)

Layer D

33.

Which of the following is the oldest?

a)

Layer E

b)

Layer B

c)

Layer C

d)

Layer A

34.
What do contour lines that are farther apart represent?
a)
waterfall
b)
steep area
c)
gentle slope
d)
river
35.
a)
The map show the lines of longitude.
b)
The map shows the lines of latitude.
36.
a)
The map shows lines of longitude.
b)
The map shows lines of latitude.
37.
Diamond has a hardness of ___ on Mohs Hardness Scale.
a)
1
b)
5
c)
8
d)
10
38.
The process when rocks break into smaller pieces due to exposure to natural elements is called
a)
erosion
b)
weathering
c)
sediments
39.
Which era of geologic time do we currently live in?
a)
Cenozoic
b)
Mesozoic
c)
Paleozoic
d)
Archaen
40.
Identify the Era:
where dinosaurs thrived
a)
Precambrian
b)
Paleozoic
c)
Mesozoic
d)
Cenozoic
41.
The Cenozoic Era is often called "the Age of the ____"
a)
Dinosaurs
b)
Mammals
c)
Amphibians
d)
Reptiles
42.

What Epoch of the Geological Time scale are we currently in?

a)

Holocene

b)

Paleocene

c)

Hadean

d)

Jurassic

43.

Which of the following is the name of the ancient supercontinent formed 280 Million Years ago.

a)

Pangea

b)

Gondwanda

c)

Laurasia

d)

Neverland

44.

What is the SI unit of mass?

a)

Kilogram

b)

Kilometer

c)

Newton

d)

Grams per cubic centimeter

45.

To locate an exact place on earth, one must look at:

a)

the intersecting lines of latitude and longitude

b)

the lines of latitude only

c)

the lines of longitude only

d)

a neighboring area to describe location

46.

Weeds growing into the cracks in a sidewalk and the sidewalk begins to crumble is an example of:

a)

Mechanical Weathering

b)

Chemical Weathering

47.

Potholes forming in the road after a cold winter is an example of:

a)

Mechanical Weathering

b)

Chemical Weathering

48.

A metal statue slowly turning green after years of being outside is an example of:

a)

Mechanical Weathering

b)

Chemical Weathering

49.

Which of the following has the geologic time divisions listed from largest to smallest in length?

a)

Epoch, period, era, eon

b)

era, period, epoch, eon

c)

eon, era, period, epoch

d)

eon, epoch, period, era

50.

At the end of which geologic period did the dinosaurs go extinct?

a)

Triassic

b)

Jurassic

c)

Cretaceous

d)

Cenozoic

51.

What is the currently accepted theory for the cause of the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event?

a)

Volcanic Super-eruption

b)

Meteor Strike

c)

Climate Change

d)

Declining Health

52.

Phil wants to improve the look of his yard and decides to determine the best watering schedule for his yard. He divides his backyard into 8 sections and waters each for a different amount of time and measures the growth in cm. 


Which of the following would be a hypothesis for this experiment?

a)

If sections of my yard receive different amounts of water, the section with the most water will grow the tallest because plants require water for photosynthesis.

b)

If sections of my yard receive different amounts of fertilizer, the section with the least fertilizer will grow the tallest because plants require nutrients like nitrogen for protein synthesis.

c)

I will water my plants different amounts and some will grow taller.

d)

None of the above.

53.

Phil wants to improve the look of his yard and decides to determine the best watering schedule for his yard. He divides his backyard into 8 sections and waters each for a different amount of time and measures the growth in cm. 


What are the independent and dependent variables?

a)

Independent: amount of water, dependent: growth

b)

Independent: growth, dependent: amount of water

c)

Independent: sunlight, dependent: growth

d)

Independent: 8 sections, dependent: amount of water

54.

Phil wants to improve the look of his yard and decides to determine the best watering schedule for his yard. He divides his backyard into 8 sections and waters each for a different amount of time and measures the growth in cm. 


Which of the following variables would not impact his results?

a)

Amount of sunlight

b)

Fertilizer application

c)

Soil Type

d)

Day of week measurements were taken

55.

Phil wants to improve the look of his yard and decides to determine the best watering schedule for his yard. He divides his backyard into 8 sections and waters each for a different amount of time and measures the growth in cm. 


Why should Phil include a minimum of 3 trials or plots for each watering time?

a)

You get better results using smaller sections

b)

It helps to average out error

c)

It allows him to test more variables at once

d)

Phil doesn't need to use multiple trials or plots

56.

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

a)

Geosphere: Volcano

b)

Atmosphere: Oxygen

c)

Biosphere: Fossils

d)

Hydrosphere: aquifer

57.

Maria was observing swallowtail butterflies in the wild in Martindale. Which one of these is an observation that she could have made?

a)

The swallowtail belongs to the class Insecta.

b)

There are 550 species of swallow-tail butterflies.

c)

The swallowtail is closely related to the Monarch butterfly anatomically.

d)

The swallowtail likes to fly more than its other activities

58.

Two plants found in the dry region of Montana exhibit different abilities to survive. Species A has very slow stem growth and few leaves but is abundant. Species B has rapid stem growth and many leaves but is very rare. Which hypothesis is most likely supported by this information?

a)

Reduced root growth may give Species A an advantage over Species B.

b)

Leaf size may give Species B a disadvantage compared to Species A.

c)

Reduced stem growth gives Species A an advantage over Species B.

d)

Reduced stem growth gives Species B an advantage over Species A.

59.

Which mouthwash brand is most effective against bacteria: Listerine, Plax, Colgate, or Scope?

Experiment: Four different circles of various sizes from a paper towel are soaked in different 

mouthwashes. The circles are placed in a Petri dish with bacteria from the mouth . The dish is 

incubated for 24 hrs and then the paper towel circles are put under microscope to count bacteria  left.


What could be done to improve the experiment?

a)

Use different kinds of bacteria.

b)

Use the same size circle for each mouthwash.

c)

Use the same type of mouthwash on each circle.

d)

Use a smaller Petri dish.

60.

Who would study how ocean temperature impacts weather patterns?

a)

Geologists

b)

Astronomers

c)

Meteorologists

d)

None of the above

61.

Which of the following would an astronomer not study?

a)

Atmosphere of a distant planet

b)

The life cycle of stars

c)

Potential microscopic life in ice on a planet

d)

Changes in Earth’s atmosphere due to human activity

62.

A mineral CANNOT be

a)

solid

b)

formed from once-living material

c)

naturally occurring

d)

light in color

63.

If a mineral breaks along flat or even surfaces, it has

a)

luster

b)

cleavage

c)

fracture

d)

streak

64.

What does the mineral property of luster measure or describe?

a)

Describes how easy it is to scratch the surface of a mineral

b)

Describes how well a mineral reflects light

c)

Measures the density of the mineral

d)

The color of the mineral in powdered form

65.

What is the least reliable property for identification?

a)

streak

b)

density

c)

hardness

d)

color

66.

Which of the following is not a mineral?

a)

diamond

b)

copper

c)

coal

d)

quartz

67.

Which of the following is a mineral?

a)

gold

b)

oil

c)

water

d)

brass

68.

All minerals have cleavage

a)

true

b)

false

69.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?

a)

Naturally occurring

b)

solid

c)

organic

d)

crystal structure

70.

Which of the following would scratch the others?

a)

Corundum

b)

quartz

c)

Gypsum

d)

apatite

71.

Which of the following is the softest?

a)

quartz

b)

calcite

c)

orthoclase

d)

topaz

72.

This mineral is a very soft, pearly green mineral that gives a white streak and a hardness of 1.

a)

quartz

b)

magnetite

c)

mica

d)

talc

73.

This mineral has a hardness of 6 and is magnetic.

a)

quartz

b)

magnetite

c)

mica

d)

talc

74.

This is a green mineral that cleaves into thin sheets.

a)

quartz

b)

magnetite

c)

mica

d)

talc

75.

Which statement about rocks and minerals is true?

a)

Minerals are usually mixtures of rocks

b)

Rocks are usually mixtures of minerals

c)

Rocks are inorganic, and minerals are organic

d)

Minerals are rocks that have been petrified

76.

Which of the following best describes how scientists classify different rocks?

a)

by their shape

b)

by how they are formed

c)

by where they are found

d)

all of the above

e)

none of the above

77.

What type of rocks are formed from the sediment over a really long time?

a)

metamorphic rocks

b)

igneous rocks

c)

sedimentary rocks

d)

meteorites

78.

What type of rock is the result of a volcanic eruption?

a)

metamorphic rocks

b)

igneous rocks

c)

sedimentary rocks

d)

meteorites

79.

An igneous rock that undergoes changes due to heat and pressure would form what kind of rock?

a)

metamorphic

b)

remain igneous

c)

sedimentary

d)

none of the above

80.

What determines the composition of sedimentary rocks?

a)

Magma composition

b)

Rock fragment composition

c)

Composition of original rock

d)

None of the above

81.

What type of rock would be described as being foliated?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

none of the above

82.

What conditions would create a sedimentary rock with large round rock fragments making it up?

a)

Sediment traveled a long distance, fast moving river

b)

Sediment traveled a short distance, slow moving river

c)

Sediment traveled long distance, slow moving river

d)

Sediment traveled short distance, fast moving river

83.

What type of rock would be described as coarse grained and mafic?

a)

sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

none of the above

84.

What type of rock is most likely to contain fossils?

a)

sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

all of the above are equally as likely

85.

What process creates sedimentary rocks?

a)

Melting and cooling

b)

Weathering, erosion, and cementation

c)

Heat and pressure

d)

None of the above

86.

Which of the following correctly describes what happens to the texture of an igneous rock a the magma cools:

a)

Quick cooling equals large crystals

b)

Slow cooling creates large crystals

c)

Cooling rate does not impact crystal size

d)

All crystals are the same size

87.

Which of the following areas would be negatively impacted by a forest fire?

a)

biosphere

b)

geosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

bio & geo

e)

bio &atmo

88.

What type of plate boundary is responsible for the Himalaya Mountains?

a)

Continental- Oceanic convergent

b)

Continental-Continental convergent

c)

transform

d)

divergent

89.

What type of boundary would you find tension stress?

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

d)

convergent and divergent

e)

divergent and transform

90.

What type of plate boundary will create a Volcanic Island arc?

a)

Continental- Oceanic convergent

b)

Continental-Continental convergent

c)

transform

d)

divergent

91.

Which of the following can provide evidence for the location of a plate boundary?

a)

volcanoes

b)

earthquakes

c)

tsunamis

d)

all of the above

92.

The theory of plate tectonics helps explain the location of volcanoes and earthquakes. Which of these also describes the current theory of plate tectonics?

a)

it combines elements of continental drift and seafloor spreading.

b)

it suggests that the lithosphere is divided into pieces, called plates.

c)

denser ocean crust sinks below less-dense continental crust along subduction zones.

d)

all of the above.

93.

According to the diagram, which of the following is a divergent boundary?

a)

The boundary between Nazca and South American plates

b)

The boundary between the Pacific and Philippine plate

c)

The boundary between the North American and African Plates

d)

None of the above

94.

According to the diagram, what type of boundary is between the Pacific plate and North American Plate?

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

strike slip

d)

divergent and convergent

e)

convergent and strike slip

95.

Waves bend as the density of the substance it is passing through changes. Which of the following is false?

a)

The bending of seismic waves reveals the state of matter of each layer

b)

Bending of seismic waves explains shadow zones

c)

Seismic waves only bend when traveling through a liquid

d)

none of the above

96.

What does point A represent?

a)

epicenter

b)

focus

c)

fault

d)

none of the above

97.

What does point C represent?

a)

epicenter

b)

focus

c)

fault

d)

none of the above

98.

Which of the following lists layers in order from outermost to innermost?

a)

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

b)

Crust, mantle, inner core, outer core

c)

Mantle, inner core, outer core, crust

d)

Crust, outer core, mantle, inner core

99.

Convection of what layer leads to movement of tectonic plates?

a)

inner core

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

crust

100.

What did Wegener suggest happened to the climate in places like present-day Greenland and Antarctica millions of years ago?

a)

They were once much warmer and supported tropical plants

b)

They were always cold and icy

c)

They experienced the same climate as today

d)

They had constant volcanic activity

101.

What was Wegner’s theory?

a)

continental drift

b)

uniformitarianism

c)

reaction series for mineral formation

d)

none of the above

102.

What was one major criticism of Wegener's theory of continental drift when it was first proposed?

a)

He could not explain how or why the continents moved

b)

His theory did not account for the existence of mountains

c)

He mistakenly believed the continents were sinking into the ocean

d)

He argued the continents floated on water, which was incorrect

103.

What kind of fossil evidence did Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift?

a)

Fossils of ocean creatures found in mountain ranges

b)

Fossils of dinosaurs found in only one continent

c)

Fossils of plants and animals found on continents that are now widely separated

d)

Fossils of modern animals found on multiple continents

104.

Which is properly paired regarding creation or destruction of rock?

a)

Convergent: rock created

b)

Divergent: rock destroyed

c)

Divergent rock created

d)

Transform: rock destroyed

105.

What is the main difference between an active and a dormant volcano?

a)

An active volcano has erupted within the last 10,000 years, while a dormant volcano has not erupted for thousands of years but still may.

b)

An active volcano erupts continuously, while a dormant volcano never erupts.

c)

An active volcano only erupts once, while a dormant volcano erupts regularly.

d)

A dormant volcano is not located near a tectonic plate boundary, but an active volcano is.

106.

Which type of volcano is known for its steep, cone-shaped structure and explosive eruptions?

a)

shield volcano

b)

cinder cone volcano

c)

composite (stratovolcano)

d)

fissure volcano

107.

Which type of volcano is typically large, with gentle slopes, and erupts mainly non-explosively?

a)

shield volcano

b)

cinder cone volcano

c)

composite (stratovolcano)

d)

fissure volcano

108.

What larger impacts can volcanic eruptions have?

a)

climate change

b)

famine and crop damage

c)

death of those nearby

d)

all of the above

109.

Which types of plate boundaries will you find volcanoes?

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

transform

d)

divergent and convergent

e)

convergent and transform

110.

What is a positive impact of Volcanic eruptions?

a)

Improve water quality

b)

Creating a cooler climate

c)

Improves soil quality

d)

Improved air quality

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