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1st Semester Biology Review

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Eukaryotic Cell

a)

type of cell that has no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

b)

type of cell that has a nucleus to hold it's DNA as well as other membrane bound organelles

2.

What category of biomolecules does fats and oils belong to?

a)
Lipids
b)
Nucleic acids
c)
Proteins
d)
Carbohydrates
3.

What category of biomolecules makes up membranes in cells?

a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Proteins
c)
Nucleic acids
d)
Phospholipids
4.

What biomolecule includes food sources such as meat, beans, and cheese?

a)

protein

b)

lipids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

nucleic acids

5.

What type of biomolecule codes for the genetic traits of all organisms?

a)
Carbohydrate
b)

nucleic acids

c)
Protein
d)
Lipid
6.


What is an enzyme?

a)

a type of carbohydrate that speeds up chemical reaction in biological processes

b)

a type of protein that speeds up chemical reaction in biological processes

c)

a type of lipid that speeds up chemical reaction in biological processes

d)

a type of nucleic acid that speeds up chemical reaction in biological processes

7.

what does the body use carbohydrates for?

a)

used by mitochondria to make the molecule ATP which is cellular energy

b)

used by mitochondria to store energy in the form of fat

c)

used by chloroplasts to make the molecule ATP which is cellular energy

d)

used by chloroplasts for regulating body temperature

8.

What is "diffusion" when talking about cell transport?

a)
Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
b)
Movement of molecules through active transport
c)
Movement of molecules through osmosis
d)
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
9.

What is the main difference between passive and active transport?

a)
Energy requirement
b)
Speed of transport
c)
Type of molecules transported
d)
Direction of movement
10.

What types of cellular transport consumes ATP?

a)
Passive transport and exocytosis
b)
Active transport and endocytosis
c)
Simple diffusion and phagocytosis
d)
Facilitated diffusion and osmosis
11.

What specific aspect of DNA codes for genetic traits?

a)

the type of sugar it contains

b)

the phosphate groups

c)
Shape of the DNA
d)

the sequence of nucleotides

12.

What are viruses?

a)
Large multicellular organisms that cause diseases
b)
Non-living particles that can only survive outside of a host
c)
Harmless organisms that provide benefits to the host
d)
Infectious agents that can only replicate inside the cells of an organism
13.

How do viruses infect cells?

a)
By attaching to the cell membrane and injecting their genetic material into the host cell
b)
By releasing toxins into the bloodstream
c)
By physically engulfing the entire cell
d)
By communicating with the cell through electrical signals
14.

What cell cycle does somatic cells go through?

a)
Meiosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
d)
Mitosis
15.

What is the purpose of meiosis?

a)
To produce somatic cells
b)
To produce cells with no chromosomes
c)
To produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes
d)
To produce cells with double the number of chromosomes
16.

how many copies of each chromosome do humans have?

a)
2
b)
4
c)
3
d)
1
17.

How does cancer form?

a)
Cancer forms when cells in the body stop growing
b)
Cancer forms when cells in the body shrink in size
c)
Cancer forms when cells in the body become stronger
d)
Cancer forms when cells in the body begin to grow out of control
18.

When the mitosis cell cycle becomes unregulated, what can develop?

a)
Alzheimer's disease
b)
Cancer
c)
Asthma
d)
Diabetes
19.

Which of the following describes gene activation?

a)
The process by which a gene is duplicated
b)
The process by which a gene is switched off
c)
The process by which a gene is switched on
d)
The process by which a gene is mutated
20.

Which of the following describes cell differentiation?

a)
The process by which a cell becomes resistant to external stimuli.
b)
The process by which a cell divides into two identical cells.
c)
The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific function.
d)
The process by which a cell becomes unspecialized and loses its function.
21.

What is the building blocks of our nucleic acids?

a)

monosaccharides

b)

amino acids

c)
Lipids
d)
Nucleotides
22.

Which of the following describes the make-up of a nucleotide?

a)
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
b)
A sugar, a lipid, and a nitrogenous base
c)
A protein, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
d)
A carbohydrate, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
23.

Which of the following describes the role of a chloroplast?

a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Nucleic acid replication
c)
Protein synthesis
d)
Cell respiration
24.

Which of the following describes the role of a mitochondria?

a)
Stores genetic material for the cell
b)
Regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell
c)
Assists in the production of proteins for the cell
d)
Produces energy for the cell
25.

What organelle performs cellular respiration?

a)
Mitochondria
b)
Endoplasmic reticulum
c)
Nucleus
d)
Golgi apparatus
26.

What types of organisms contain a mitochondria in their cells?

a)
Prokaryotic organisms
b)
Eukaryotic organisms
c)
Plants
d)
Viruses
27.

What type of organisms contain chloroplasts in their cells?

a)
Viruses and algae
b)
Plants and some protists
c)
Bacteria and archaea
d)
Animals and fungi
28.

What part of meiosis ensures genetic diversity?

a)
Chromatin condensation and spindle formation
b)
DNA replication and cell division
c)
Crossing over and independent assortment
d)
Mitosis and cytokinesis
29.

What is the process of "crossing over" in meiosis?

a)
The process of creating identical copies of chromosomes
b)
The movement of chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
c)
The fusion of egg and sperm cells
d)
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
30.

What is non-disjunction in meiosis?

a)
The fusion of homologous chromosomes during cell division
b)
Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division
c)
The failure of DNA replication during meiosis
d)
The process of chromosomes separating properly during cell division
31.

What is a dominant gene?

a)
A gene that is only present in plants
b)
A gene that only affects males
c)
A gene that is expressed and masks the effect of the recessive gene
d)
A gene that has no effect on the phenotype
32.

What is a recessive gene?

a)
A gene that is only expressed when an individual has two copies of the gene, one from each parent.
b)
A gene that is always dominant in an individual
c)
A gene that is only expressed when an individual has one copy of the gene
d)
A gene that is not inherited from the parents
33.

What are homologous chromosomes?

a)
Pairs of chromosomes with the same genes in the same order
b)
Pairs of chromosomes with different genes in different order
c)
Chromosomes with different genes in the same order
d)
Single chromosomes with no pairs
34.

What substances does the process of cellular respiration consume?

a)
Oxygen and glucose
b)
Salt and sugar
c)
Nitrogen and hydrogen
d)
Carbon dioxide and water
35.

What substances does the process of cellular respiration release?

a)

ATP, Carbon dioxide, and water

b)
Hydrogen and helium
c)
Nitrogen and methane
d)
Oxygen and glucose
36.

What substances does the process of photosynthesis consume?

a)
Carbon dioxide and water
b)
Methane and sulfur dioxide
c)
Hydrogen and helium
d)
Oxygen and nitrogen
37.

What substances does the process of photosynthesis release?

a)
Carbon dioxide and water
b)
Nitrogen and hydrogen
c)
Methane and sulfur dioxide
d)
Oxygen and glucose
38.

What must be true for a person to show a recessive phenotype?

a)
Have a mutation in the dominant allele
b)
Inherit two copies of the recessive allele
c)
Inherit one copy of the dominant allele
d)
Inherit one copy of the recessive allele and one copy of the dominant allele
39.

What must be true if a person shows a dominant phenotype?

a)
They have two recessive alleles for that trait
b)
They have at least one dominant allele for that trait
c)
They have no alleles for that trait
d)
They have a mix of dominant and recessive alleles for that trait
40.

What is a sex linked gene?

a)
A gene located on a sex chromosome
b)
A gene located on a plant cell
c)
A gene located on a mitochondria
d)
A gene located on a ribosome
41.

Which of the following describes incomplete dominance?

a)
A genetic situation in which one allele results in multiple phenotypes
b)
A genetic situation in which one allele has no effect on another allele
c)
A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, and therefore results in a new phenotype that is a blend of the two alleles.
d)
A genetic situation in which one allele completely dominates another allele
42.

Which of the following describes codominance?

a)
One allele is completely dominant over the other
b)
Both alleles are never expressed
c)
Both alleles are expressed equally
d)
Codominance only occurs in plants
43.

What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

a)
Higher survival rate
b)
Less energy expenditure
c)
Genetic diversity and adaptation to changing environments
d)
Faster reproduction rate
44.

What is the advantage of genetic diversity?

a)
Adaptation and disease resistance
b)
Decreased ability to adapt to new environments
c)
Increased susceptibility to diseases
d)
Limited potential for survival in changing conditions
45.

What is a mutation?

a)
A change in the DNA sequence of a gene
b)

the making of mRNA

c)

A change in a protein

d)

an adaptation

46.

What are the outcomes of a DNA mutation?

a)

they only cause cancer

b)
No effect, beneficial effects, or harmful effects
c)

a change in the phenotype

d)

a change in genotype and they cause cancer

47.

How are mutations helpful?

a)
Mutations can lead to genetic diversity and adaptation in organisms.
b)
Mutations have no impact on genetic diversity
c)
Mutations cause extinction of species
d)
Mutations only result in negative traits

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