Sounds entering the external acoustic meatus are eventually converted to nerve impulses via a chain of events includes the following, except

(a)  

Gustatory cells are

(a)  

Alkaloids excite gustatory hairs mostly at the (has two answers)

(a)  

Cranial nerves that are part of the gustatory pathway include

(a)  

Which cranial nerve controls contraction of the circular smooth muscle of the iris?

(a)  

The cornea is nourished by

(a)  

When the eye focuses for far vision

(a)  

Which of the following are paired Incorrectly?

(a)  

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones

(a)  

The portion of the bony labyrinth responsible for static equilibrium is the

(a)  

Sensorineural deafness occurs when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells of the:

(a)  

Equilibrium receptors are located in the

(a)  

Which one of the following is NOT part of the inner ear?

(a)  

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the

(a)  

▪ Large, complex sensory organs

▪ Localized clusters of receptors

(a)  

▪ Meet at the medial and lateral commissure (canthus)

(a)  

produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye

(a)  

are located between the eyelashes

(a)  

▪ Membrane that lines the eyelids and eyeball

▪ Connects with the transparent cornea

▪ Secretes mucus to lubricate the eye and keep it moist

(a)  

produces lacrimal fluid (tears); situated on lateral end of each eye

(a)  

Tears drain across the eye into the

(a)  

Tears drain across the eye into the lacrimal canaliculi, then the (a)  

Tears drain across the eye into the lacrimal canaliculi, then the lacrimal sac, and into the (a)   , which empties into the nasal cavity

▪ Cleanse, protect, moisten, lubricate the eye

(a)  

▪ Six muscles attach to the outer surface of the eye ▪ Produce gross eye movements

(a)  

Moves eye laterally

(a)  

Moves eye medially

(a)  

Elevates eye and turns it medially

(a)  

Depresses eye and turns it medially

(a)  

Elevates eye and turns it laterally

(a)  

Depresses eye and turns it laterally

(a)  

Three layers, or tunics, form the wall of the eyeball

what is the outer layer called?

(a)  

Three layers, or tunics, form the wall of the eyeball

what is the middle layer called?

(a)  

Three layers, or tunics, form the wall of the eyeball

what is the inside layer called?

(a)  

are fluids that fill the interior of the eyeball

(a)  

divides the eye into two chambers

(a)  

▪ White connective tissue layer

▪ Seen anteriorly as the “white of the eye”

(a)  

▪ Transparent, central anterior portion

▪ Allows for light to pass through

▪ Repairs itself easily

▪ The only human tissue that can be transplanted without fear of rejection

(a)  

is a blood-rich nutritive layer that contains a pigment (prevents light from scattering)

is modified anteriorly into two smooth muscle structures

(a)  

regulates amount of light entering eye

▪ Pigmented layer that gives eye color

(a)  

contains the rods and cones

(a)  

(blind spot) is where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball

(a)  

▪ Most are found toward the edges of the retina

▪ Allow vision in dim light and peripheral vision

▪ All perception is in gray tones

(a)  

▪ Allow for detailed color vision

▪ Densest in the center of the retina

(a)  

lateral to blind spot

▪ Area of the retina with only cones

▪ Visual acuity (sharpest vision) is here

(a)  

▪ Anterior to the lens

▪ Contains aqueous humor, a clear, watery fluid

(a)  

▪ Posterior to the lens

▪ Contains vitreous humor, a gel-like substance

(a)  

a clear, watery fluid in the eye. It is one of the fluids that contributes to the maintenance of the eye's shape and helps in nourishing and protecting various structures within the eye.

(a)  

is a gel-like, transparent substance that fills the large space between the lens and the retina in the posterior segment of the eye

(a)  

▪ Watery fluid found between lens and cornea

▪ Similar to blood plasma

▪ Helps maintain intraocular pressure

▪ Provides nutrients for the lens and cornea

▪ Reabsorbed into venous blood through the scleral venous sinus, or canal of Schlemm

(a)  

▪ Gel-like substance posterior to the lens

▪ Prevents the eye from collapsing

▪ Helps maintain intraocular pressure

(a)  

Instrument used to illuminate the interior of the eyeball and fundus (posterior wall)

(a)  

t/f?

Light is bent, or refracted, by the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor

(a)  

Bundle of axons that exit the back of the eye carrying impulses from the retina

(a)  

▪ Location where the optic nerves cross

▪ Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain

(a)  

▪ Contain fibers from the lateral side of the eye on the same side and the medial side of the opposite eye ▪ Synapse with neurons in the thalamus

(a)  

▪ Axons from the thalamus run to the occipital lobe

▪ Synapse with cortical cells, and vision interpretation (seeing) occurs

(a)  

reflexive movement of the eyes medially when we focus on a close object

(a)  

bright light causes pupils to constrict

(a)  

viewing close objects causes pupils to constrict

(a)  

(auditory canal)

▪ Narrow chamber in the temporal bone

▪ Lined with skin and ceruminous (earwax) glands

▪ Ends at the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

(a)  

▪ Air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity within the temporal bone

▪ Involved only in the sense of hearing

▪ Located between tympanic membrane and oval window and round window

(a)  

is involved only in collecting sound waves

(a)  

(auditory tube)

▪ Links middle ear cavity with the throat

▪ Equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity so the eardrum can vibrate

(a)  

Transmit vibrations from tympanic membrane to the fluids of the inner ear

(a)  

t/f?

Vibrations travel from the hammer → anvil → stirrup → oval window of inner ear

(a)  

Includes sense organs for hearing and balance

(a)  

the bony structures within the inner ear, which house and protect the delicate sensory organs responsible for hearing and balance.

• - is filled with perilymph

Equilibrium receptors of the inner ear are called the

(a)  

refers to the maintenance of balance and stability when the head and body are stationary, with no linear or angular acceleration.

(a)  

receptors in the vestibule.

▪ Report on the position of the head

▪ Help us keep our head erect

▪ Send information via the vestibular nerve (division of cranial nerve VIII) to the cerebellum of the brain

(a)  

▪ Responds to angular or rotational movements of the head

▪ Located in the ampulla of each semicircular canal

(a)  

The bony labyrinth is filled with a plasmalike fluid called

(a)  

a system of membrane sacs that more or less follows the shape of the bony labyrinth.

(a)  

The membranous labyrinth itself contains a thicker fluid called

(a)  

The equilibrium receptors of the inner ear, collectively called the

(a)  

▪ Located within the cochlear duct

▪ Receptors = hair cells on the basilar membrane

▪ Gel-like tectorial membrane is capable of bending hair cells

▪ Cochlear nerve attached to hair cells transmits nerve impulses to auditory cortex on temporal lobe

(a)  

▪ Stimulated by chemicals in solution

▪ Taste has five types of receptors

▪ Smell can differentiate a wider range of chemicals

(a)  

are in roof of nasal cavity. must be dissolved in mucus for detection by chemoreceptors called (a)  

Olfactory receptor cells (neurons) with long cilia known as (a)   detect chemicals

Smells are interpreted in the (a)  

The tongue is covered with projections called (a)   that contain taste buds

are the taste receptors. Possess gustatory hairs (long microvilli)

(a)  

which if the eye contains rod s and retinas

(a)  

the oily secretions that lubricate the eye are produced by the (a)   ?

the greatest visual acuity is found at the (a)   ?

tarsal glands associated the edges of the eyelids are considered modified (a)   ?

the pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes is the (a)   ?

the gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the (a)  

eyes suddenly exposed to bright light experience (a)  

the 3 set of color receptors within the retina that are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light

(a)  

equilibrium receptors are located in the (a)  

which of the following nerves serve the anterior tongue

(a)  

the online special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is

(a)  

hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the

(a)  

soundwaves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum also know as the (a)