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Physiology Final Quiz

Total questions: 103

Worksheet time: 26hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Select all FALSE Statements:

a)

Ventricle filling happens at a constant rate

b)

The Venous System is the collection and return portion of the circulatory system, characterrized by low pressure and high flexibility in vessel walls

c)

The ventricles upon contraction move all blood into the circulatory system and this is called Stroke Volume

d)

One way Stroke volume is regulated is through Venous Return, in a direct relationship. The more blood returning, the greater the contraction.

e)

This formatting for a question is miserable and makes lose the joy of living.

2.
Select all options that are characteristics of myocardio muscle cells:
a)
High Capilary Density
b)
Shortens When Polarized
c)
Optimal Resting Length is Midrange
d)
Spiral Arrangement
e)
Fatigue Proof
3.
Select all blood vessels that contain oxyginated blood:
a)
Pulmonary Artery
b)
Pulmonary Vein
c)
Superior Vena Cava
d)
Inferior Vena Cava
e)
Aorta
4.
Select all options that have the heart structure paired correctly with their associated valve
a)
Right Atrium to Right Ventricle through tricuspid valve
b)
Left atrium to left ventricle through mitral valve
c)
Left Ventrical to aorta through aortic valve
d)
Left atrium to left ventrical through tricuspid valve
e)
Right Atrium to Right Ventricle through Mitral Valve
5.
Select all mechanisms that assist in venous return:
a)
One-way valves
b)
Respiratory Pump
c)
Skeletal muscle pump
d)
Gravity
e)
Verry low pressure
6.

At what pressure reading (mm Hg) does the valve to the RIGHT ventricle get pushed open?

a)

8

b)

80

c)

6

d)

60

e)

The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell

7.

At what pressure reading (mm Hg) does the valve to the LEFT ventricle get pushed open?

a)

8

b)

80

c)

6

d)

60

e)

The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell

8.

Select all TRUE statements:

a)

The pressure to move blood out of the left ventricle is much higher than the right because it has to push the blood further.

b)

The Atria completely contract in one phase to move all blood into the ventricles

c)

Unlike skeletal muscle cells, myocardial cells depolarize together.

d)

The Atria fill in three phases: 70%, then a small amount, and finally the remaining 20-30% from venous return kick

e)

The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell

9.

Select all TRUE statements:

a)

One downside to the valves in the venous system is they mildly hinder blood flow going the correct direction.

b)

The heart has its own vasculature, called the coronary system

c)

The coronary arteries emerge from the ascending aorta

d)

The valves to the coronary system are designed such that they open at the beginning of the cardiac cycle, before pressure is high enough to damage the coronary arteries.

e)

The right coronary artery only sends blood to the right atrium and ventricle, while the left coronary artery solely sends blood to the left atrium and ventricle.

10.
Select the correct pairing of the node with it's BPM
a)
SA Node 70-80
b)
AV Node 40-70
c)
Purkinje Fibers 15-40
d)
AV Node 40-60
e)
SA Node 70-90
11.

Select all TRUE Statements:

a)

30% of the blood remains in the Atrium after initial contraction. The next phase to push this blood to the ventricle is called "Atrial Kick"

b)

The Aorta stores some blood to create resistance in systemic circulation. This is called afterload.

c)

We feel pulse points in superficial veins because of their elastic nature.

d)

Metabolites created during PA are all markers that signal precappilary sphinctors to close

e)

Blood from the head and neck is returned to the heart through the inferior vena cava

12.
Select all characteristics of capillarries:
a)
Hold 25% of the blood in the body
b)
greatest densitiy in skeletal muscle cells, specifically Type I
c)
Bloodflow controlled by precapillary sphinctors
d)
Walls contain only a single layer of endothelial cells
e)
Major area of gas exchange
13.
Select all TRUE Statements:
a)
The Heart is autorrhythmic and unreegulated beats at about 100 beats per minute
b)
The AV Node is located in the Right Atrium
c)
Tachycardia is a resting heartrate below 60 bpm
d)
Left Atrium contraction is controlled primarily by an impulse spread from the AV Node and its branches
e)
The AV Node is the primary pacemaker
14.

True or False: The SA Node spontatneously depolarizes, and that depoloraization spreads to the AV Node after a delay of 0.1 seconds, and is then transmitted to the AV Bundle, into the AV Bundle Branches, and finally the Purkinje fibers

a)

true

b)

false

15.

Select all FALSE statements:

a)

HR will only be increased in a response to physical activity

b)

As SNS activity increases we see vasodialation.

c)

Professor Amiss' first hit rap single will be called "I Got Excitation in the NMJ"

d)

Epi/Norepi is released by the SNS to increase heartrate AND stroke volume

e)

ACH is released by in the ParaSNS to slow the heartrate

16.
Select all characteristics of the vagus nerve
a)
Part of the ParaSNS
b)
Stimulation will result in bradycardia
c)
Originates in the medulla
d)
Withdrawal of stimulation will result in an increased HR
e)
What happens in the Vagus stays in the Vagus
17.
Selecct all TRUE statements regarding ParaSNS and SNS and it's impact on heart rate
a)
Withdrawal of ParaSNS will result in INCREASED Heartrate
b)
Withdrawal of SNS stimulation will result in DECREASED Heartrate
c)
Increased SNS activity will result in DECREASED heart rate
d)
Increased ParaSNS activity will result in DECREASED Heart rate
e)
Increased SNS Activity will result in INCREASED heart rate
18.
Select all TRUE Statements:
a)
The ventrolateral medulla is the cardiovascular center of the brain
b)
Baroreceptors in the atria and ventricles function as a negative feedback controller for heartrate
c)
The most significant variable in determining Total Peripheral Resistnace is radius of vessels
d)
The equation for blood pressure is Stroke volume x Total Peripheral resistance
e)
The two factors that contribute to reduced bloodflow to nonactive tissues are increased ParaSNS system outflow and local chemicals that stimulate vasoconstriction
19.

Select all FALSE Statements:

a)

The venous system does not react to vasodilation due to it's rigid walls

b)

Blood vessels dilating leads to increased vascular resistance which increases blood pressure which increases blood flow

c)

One of the reasons older persons cannot perform physical activity as well is they produce less Nitric Oxide

d)

Nitric Oxide plays its greatest role as a vasodilator at HIGH intensity physical activity

e)

When physical activity occurs, capillaries in active cells open to increase blood flow, increasing surface area for diffusion.

20.
Which statement is false?
a)
The right atria is filling constantly from venous return.
b)
Heart muscle fibers are most optimal at rest
c)
Only 30% of blood flow from the atria to the ventricles is active
d)
Heart muscle fibers are electrically connected
21.
Which of the following is false?
a)
Function residual capacity includes tidal volume, residual volume, and expiatory reserve volume.
b)
The SA node has a 0.1 second delay to give time for the ventricles to fill.
c)
If someone has a positive inflection in V1 and a negative inflection in V5, this means they have LVH.
d)
Alveolar cell type I creates surfactant to prevent the alveoli from collapsing.
22.
About _________ of blood passes from the atria to the ventricles in what is known as "atrial kick"
a)
5-10 %
b)
20-30 %
c)
40-50 %
d)
60-70 %
23.
Roughly 70% of blood flow from the atria to ventricles is active aka the "atrial kick."
a)
true
b)
false
24.
Stroke Volume is equal to the difference between End-Diastolic Volume and End-Systolic Volume.
a)
true
b)
false
25.
Precapillary sphincters regulate blood flow into capillaries.
a)
true
b)
false
26.
Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle (in coronary circulation) via the:
a)
left coronary artery
b)
right coronary artery
c)
anterior cardiac veins (right)
d)
coronary sinus
27.
SNS fibers release epi/norepi in the heart to:
a)
increase HR
b)
increase myocardial contractility
c)
decrease HR
d)
increase stroke volume
28.
The cardiovascular center of the brain is also known as the dorsolateral medulla and exerts the greatest control over HR during exercise.
a)
true
b)
false
29.
In active muscle, vasodilation occurs from neural factors that act directly on smooth muscle bands of arterioles and precapillary sphincters such as increased ParaSNS activity.
a)
true
b)
false
30.
Nitrous oxide is released by smooth muscle cells in arterioles for vasodilation in response to vascular stress or stretching.
a)
true
b)
false
31.
Type II cells decrease surface tension and prevents collapse of alveoli during exhalation.
a)
true
b)
false
32.
The anatomical dead space of lungs consists of:
a)
Trachea
b)
Bronchus
c)
Bronchi
d)
Bronchioles
e)
Respiratory Bronchioles
33.

Vital capacity is the sum of these volumes:

a)

IRV

b)

ERV

c)

TV

d)

RV

34.
Air flow velocity of dynamic ventilation depends on:
a)
resistance of air passages
b)
lung compliance
c)
midichlorians
35.
Minute Ventilation is a product of:
a)
Tidal Volume
b)
Respiration Rate
36.
Alveolar Ventilation is a product of respiration rate and the difference between:
a)
Tidal Volume
b)
Anatomical Dead Space Volume
37.
Hydrogen ion production during exercise is majorly contributed by:
a)
CO2 and carbonic acid production
b)
lactic acid production
c)
ATP breakdown
38.
Hydrogen ions compete with Calcium ions for binding sites on troponin.
a)
true
b)
false
39.
A bicarbonate value of 25 is considered:
a)
acidc
b)
normal
c)
basic
40.
A PCO2 value of 40 is considered:
a)
acidc
b)
normal
c)
basic
41.
The optimal length-tension relationship for cardiac muscle is when the fibers are at rest?
a)
true
b)
false
42.
Which of the following is a buffer system contained within the blood?
a)
plasma proteins
b)
insulin
c)
hemoglobin
d)
white blood cells
e)
bicarbonate
43.
What ensures consistency in arterial blood gases throughout the breathing cycle?
a)
anatomical dead space
b)
proper cardiac rhythms
c)
good minute ventilation
d)
mixing of fresh and "non-fresh" air
e)
respiratory buffer system
44.
Which of the following does not increase capillary blood flow?
a)
Increase in temperature
b)
Increase in CO2 concentration
c)
Increase in pH
d)
Increase in nitric oxide
45.
Which statement below about nitric oxide and auto-regulation of blood flow is false.
a)
Nitric oxide is a liquid that acts as a signaling molecule
b)
Nitric oxide dilates blood vessels and therefore decrease vascular resistance.
c)
Less nitric oxide is produced by the vascular endothelium cells in older people and people with coronary heart disease.
d)
Nitric oxide is produced in endothelial cells and released in response to vascular stress.
46.
Which is the correct mechanics of breathing for inspiration?
a)
Diaphragm moves up, ribs rise
b)
Diaphragm moves up, ribs lower
c)
Diaphragm moves down, ribs rise
d)
Diaphragm moves down, ribs lowe
47.

Obstructive lung diseases can cause scarring of the alveoli and some lung tissue which prevents the lungs from expanding to the same degree and volume as normal

a)

true

b)

false

48.

Which statement is FALSE?

a)

A decrease in thoracic cavity volume causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure

b)

Inspiration at rest, inspiration during exercise, and expiration during exercise are all active processes

c)

The conducting Zone does not participate in gas exchange and is also where the the anatomical dead space is

d)

Alveoli type ll cells make up the walls of the alveoli

e)

30% of the blood flow from the atria to the ventricles is due to an active process

49.
The greatest capillary density can be found where in the body?
a)
Cardiac Muscles
b)
Skeletal Muscles
c)
The Intestines
d)
The Brain
e)
The Epithelium
50.
Extrinsic control can override intrinsic control.
a)
true
b)
false
51.
If pH is 7.61, CO2 is 28, and HCO3 is 18, which of the following is the correct diagnosis?
a)
Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis
b)
Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
c)
Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
d)
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
52.
Select all FALSE statements:
a)
Nitric Oxidie is a vasoconstrictor.
b)
The P wave represents ventricle depolarization
c)
Atrial repolarization occurs in the QRS complex
d)
All QRS complexes have a Q, and R, and an S wave
e)
EKG activity above the isoelectric line is a positive inflection
53.
Select all TRUE Statements:
a)
On a standardized EKG strip, one large printed block is equal to 0.2 seconds
b)
A wave of depolorization going toward a lead will result in a positive inflection on the EKG
c)
Using the 300 method, the dark lines indicate these values: 300,150,100, 75,60,50
d)
The 300 method can be used to determine someone's irregular heartrate<br />
e)
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy is always a sign of an unhealthy heart
54.
Select all FALSE Statements:
a)
When using the 300 method, the small boxes between 75 and 60 each represent 3 beats per minute
b)
The top of the lead vector graph is positive
c)
Negative Lead I coordinates to 180
d)
Positive AVF coordinates to +90
55.
During gas exchange:
a)
CO2 moves down the pressure gradient from capillary to alveoli
b)
O2 moves down the pressure gradient from capillaries to alveoli
c)
O2 moves down pressure gradient from alveoli to capillaries
d)
CO2 moves down the pressure gradient from alveoli to capillaries
e)
Once moved into the capillaries, O2 moves into pulmonary/systemic circulation
56.
The 'work of inspiration’ can be divided into the following fractions:
a)
Airway resistance work
b)
Compliance work
c)
Respiratory pump work
d)
Tissue resistance work
e)
Transpulmonary pressure work
57.

Fill in the blank: The driving force for alveolar ventilation is the difference between the<br /> (a)   and alveolar pressures.

58.
Select the options related to restrictive lung disease:
a)
Decreased total lung capacity
b)
Increased total lung capacity
c)
Increased vital capacity
d)
Difficulty with full lung expansion
e)
Difficulty with expiration
59.
Select the true statement(s):
a)
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli
b)
Significant adaptations to the pulmonary system may be achieved via training
c)
Half of resting tidal volume sits in anatomical dead space
d)
The FEV1/FEC ratio is an indicator of static lung volumes
e)
Pleural pressure is always less than alveolar pressure
60.
The leads in the frontal plane include:
a)
Bipolar limb leads (I, II, III) only
b)
Bipolar limb leads I-III AND precordial leads V1-V6
c)
Augmented voltage leads (aVL, aVF, aVR)
d)
Precordial leads (V1-V6) only
e)
Bipolar limb leads (I, II, III) AND augmented voltage leads (aVL, aVF, aVR)
61.
Select the leads that are used in determining axis deviation:
a)
Lead I
b)
Lead III
c)
Lead II
d)
Lead aVL
e)
Lead aVF
62.
Select all TRUE Statements
a)
In a health individual, the Q wave is a negative inflection
b)
The order of precordial lead placement is V1, V2, V4, V3, V6, V5
c)
A positive lead I and a negative lead AVF is indicitive of Right Axis Deviation
d)
A healthy vector of depolarization is -45
e)
Leads V1-V6 are "precordial" leads in the frontal plane
63.
True or False: Ideal lead readings in a healthy individual for lead I and lead AVF will both be positive<br />
a)
true
b)
false
64.
Lead 1 has a reading of 17 mmHg and Lead AVF has a reading of 22 mmHg. Does this patient have LVH?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Not enough information
65.
Lead V1 has a reading of 20 mmHg and lead V5 has a reading of 15 mmHg. Does this patient have LVH?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Not enough information
66.
Lead V1 has a reading of 8 mmHg and lead V6 has a reading of 20 mmHg. Does this patient have LVH?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Not enough information
67.
Lead V1 has a reading of 9 mmHg and V5 has a reading of 18 mmHg. Does this patient have LVH?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Not enough information
68.
Select all TRUE Statements
a)
Cell Respiration is the process of cells consuming O2 to generate ATP
b)
The anatomical dead space increases with age
c)
The conducting zone is where O2 gas exchange takes place<br />
d)
Gas exchange happens in the alveoli via active transport
e)
Pulmonary Ventilation is the gas exchange of oxygen to get rid of CO2
69.
Select all TRUE Statements
a)
Diaphragm movement is responsible for 70% of lung expansion
b)
The raising and lowering of the ribs is responsible for 30% of lung expansion
c)
75% of air inhaled at rest is due to actions of the diaphragm
d)
During forced exhalation, external intercostals contract to pull the ribs downward
e)
Active and passive inspiration and expiration require ATP
70.
Select all FALSE statements
a)
The visceral plura lines the chest walls
b)
Residual volume is not included in Vital capacity
c)
During inspiration, atmosphiric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
d)
Pleural pressure is always negative
e)
The lymphatic system is responsible for the pressure that holds the lungs open.<br />
71.
Select all TRUE Statements
a)
Functional Residual Capacity is Expiratory reserve volume and Residual volume combined
b)
Inspiratory Reserve is air inhaled beyond regular tidal volume. Those two added together is Inspiratory Capacity
c)
Dynamic lung volumes are measurements, such as Forced Vital Capacity, which are a funciton of time, usually measured over one second
d)
Pulmonary Airflow Capacity is FEV/FVC
e)
Obstructive Lung Disease is characterized by difficulty expanding the lungs fully
72.
Select all TRUE Statements
a)
By definition, FVC > FEV
b)
Someone with restrictive lung disease will have an FEV that is almost equal to FVC
73.

The normal Ventilation rate is (a)   breaths/minute<br />

74.
Select all TRUE Statements
a)
If Tidal volume is 500 ml, approximately 150 ml of that is "fresh air"
b)
Quick, shallow breathing causes a decrease in total minute ventilation, which leads to not enough oxygen.
c)
Aerobic training leads to pulmonary system structure adaptations, which leads to a higher performance in those aerobic activities.
d)
The equation for alveolar ventilation is Breathing Rate (Tidal Volume - Anatomical Deadspace Air Volume)
75.
A Blood PH of 7.20 is
a)
Acidic
b)
Normal
c)
Basic
76.
A Blood PH of 7.37 is
a)
Acidic
b)
Normal
c)
Basic
77.
A Blood PH of 7.48 is
a)
Acidic
b)
Normal
c)
Basic
78.
Select all TRUE Statements
a)
A person suffering from long term starvation is likely to have acidosis
b)
Severe vomiting can cause Alkalosis
c)
High H+ ion concentration will interfere with Ca+ binding and thus hinder muscle contraction
d)
Someone with a kidney disorder is more likely to have acidosis
e)
A person with diabetes is more likely to have alkalosis
79.
Select all TRUE Statements
a)
A common pH buffer in the body is bicarbonate
b)
Proteins can function as cellular pH buffers
c)
Kidneys are responsible for rapid response to raising blood pH during exercise
d)
Plasma proteins are a powerrful source of buffering pH during exercise
e)
A strong acid and its conjugate base is an ideal buffer
80.
A PaCO2 variable of 47 is
a)
Acidic
b)
Normal
c)
Basic
81.
A PaCO2 variable of 36 is
a)
Acidic
b)
Normal
c)
Basic
82.
A PaCO2 variable of 33 is
a)
Acidic
b)
Normal
c)
Basic
83.
A HCO3- variable of 20 is
a)
Acidic
b)
Normal
c)
Basic
84.
A HCO3- variable of 24 is
a)
Acidic
b)
Normal
c)
Basic
85.
A HCO3- variable of 28 is
a)
Acidic
b)
Normal
c)
Basic
86.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.8 PaCO2 24 HCO3- 21

(a)  

87.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.18 PaCO2 35 HCO3- 12

(a)  

88.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.45 PaCO2 48 HCO3- 28

(a)  

89.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.42 PaCO2 40 HCO3- 23

(a)  

90.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.40 PaCO2 48 HCO3- 28

(a)  

91.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.30 PaCO2 48 HCO3- 15

(a)  

92.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.6 PaCO2 30 HCO3- 30

(a)  

93.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.63 PaCO2 24 HCO3- 18

(a)  

94.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.33 PaCO2 22 HCO3- 21

(a)  

95.

Diagnose a patient who has the following levels: pH 7.15 PaCO2 46 HCO3- 34

(a)  

96.
Which pairing is correct?
a)
Parasympathetic; endings concentrate in SA, AV nodes and atria/ventricle muscles
b)
Sympathetic; endings concentrate in SA, AV nodes and atria/ventricle muscles
c)
Parasympathetic; endings concentrate in atria, SA, AV nodes
d)
Sympathetic; endings concentrate in atria, SA, AV nodes
97.
Respiratory compensation is:
a)
increase of blood bicarbonate
b)
exhalation of CO2
c)
overall process of respiratory assistance in buffering lactic acid
d)
more oxygen in hemoglobin
98.
The diaphragm is the primary inspiratory muscle at rest.
a)
true
b)
false
99.
Lung expansion is primarily accomplished by movement of the diaphragm.
a)
true
b)
false
100.
What are true characteristics of the respiratory pump?
a)
helps buffer acid-base balance
b)
inspiration helps move venous blood from the abdomen to the vena cava
c)
blood flows back from intrathoracic veins to intraabdominal veins during expiration
d)
intraabdominal veins refill during expiration
101.
Pleural pressure drops during inhalation due to increase in thoracic cavity volume.
a)
true
b)
false
102.
More fresh air reaches the alveoli through shallow, rapid breathing.
a)
true
b)
false
103.
For measuring LVH, which pairing of leads and wave complexes is true?
a)
Lead I, R wave
b)
Lead V1, S wave
c)
Lead V5, R wave
d)
Lead V1, R wave

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