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Astrophysics

Total questions: 131

Worksheet time: 3hrs 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is the largest?

a)

Planet

b)

Galaxy

c)

Satellite

d)

Comet

e)

Star

2.

What is the reason a Main sequence star is so stable?

a)

The number of atoms remain the same

b)

The radiation pressure balances the pressure of weight

c)

Magnetic forces within it hold it together

d)

It has plenty of emotional support from it's friends

3.

What is a comet?

a)

Large rocky ball of ice that orbits the sun

b)

Cluster of billions of stars

c)

Lumps of rock or iron that orbit the sun

d)

Minor planets

4.

Which of the following are evidence for the big bang?

a)

Cosmic microwave background radiation

b)

Doppler effect

c)

Static electricity

d)

Isotropic

5.

According to Newton’s universal law of gravitation, the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the ____ between 2 objects.

a)

distance

b)

weight

c)

mass

d)

time

6.

According to Newton’s universal law of gravitation, the gravitational force is directly proportional to the ____ the objects.

a)

masses of

b)

distance between

c)

speed of

d)

time of

7.

The force of gravity ____ as the mass of an object increases.

a)

decreases

b)

increases

c)

remains constant

d)

disappears

8.

What will happen to the force of gravity between 2 objects if the mass of one of the objects is tripled?

a)

The force will increase 3X

b)

The force will decrease 3X

c)

The force will increase 9X

d)

The force will decrease 9X

9.

Which of the following planets has the greatest orbital speed?

a)

Mercury

b)

Earth

c)

Saturn

d)

Venus

10.

Evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory.

a)

background radiation

b)

dark matter

c)

escape velocity

d)

gravitational waves

11.

Any object that orbits another object.

a)

Earth

b)

elipse

c)

star

d)

satellite

12.

Which planet would have the greatest period?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Mars

c)

Neptune

d)

Saturn

13.

Which planet would have the greatest orbital velocity?

a)

Earth

b)

Uranus

c)

Neptune

d)

Pluto

14.

Which planet would have the greatest gravitational force?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Pluto

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

15.

Which planet would experience the greatest gravitational force from the Sun?

a)

Saturn

b)

Earth

c)

Mars

d)

Neptune

16.

The time required for the Earth to rotate once on its axis?

a)

day

b)

month

c)

week

d)

year

17.

The time required for the Earth to orbit once around the Sun.

a)

day

b)

week

c)

month

d)

year

18.

_____ should have enough gravitational force to pull in light.

a)

stars

b)

black holes

c)

red giants

d)

supernovae

19.
Which term describes a bright streak of light that results when a meteoroid burns up in the Earth's atmosphere?
a)
Asteroid
b)
Meteoroid
c)
Meteorite
d)
Meteor
20.
the star at the center of the Solar System that supplies heat and light to earth; its enormous gravity keep the Solar System in orbit.
a)
satellite
b)
sun
c)
craters
d)
moon
21.
A small icy space object orbiting the sun that makes a tail of gas and dust is?
a)
Meteor
b)
Comet
22.
The __________ has planets, moons, comets, and asteroids.
a)
solar system
b)
earth
c)
rotation
d)
United States
23.
A small rocky object orbiting the sun.
a)
Asteroid
b)
Comet
c)
Moon
d)
Meteor
24.
What holds the planets in their orbits around the sun?
a)
gravity
b)
speed
c)
string
d)
air currents
25.
A small, hot star near the end of its life is a star called a
a)
white dwarf
b)
red dwarf
c)
supergiant
d)
protostar
26.
As gravity pulls gas and dust into a sphere that becomes denser and hotter, and a sunlike star begins to form, it is called a(n)
a)
white dwarf
b)
red dwarf
c)
supergiant
d)
protostar
27.

a star in which the electrons and protons have become bound is called a

a)

supernova

b)

neutron star

c)

black hole

d)

pulsar

28.
The color of a star depends on its
a)
size
b)
temperature
c)
shape
d)
magnitude
29.
a massive and dense object from which not even light can escape
a)
black hole
b)
supernova
c)
pulsar
d)
red giant
30.
What color are the hottest stars?
a)
red
b)
yellow
c)
orange
d)
blue
31.
All stars begin their life in a
a)
Main Sequence
b)
Nebula
c)
Protostar
d)
Black Dwarf
32.
What are the final two stages of a medium mass star?
a)
white dwarf - black dwarf
b)
neutron star - black hole
c)
supernova - neutron star
d)
pulsar - neutron star
33.
Our sun is currently in what star stage?
a)
Protostar
b)
Nebula
c)
Main Sequence
d)
Red Giant
34.
Most stars are made of which elements?
a)
Hydrogen only
b)
Hydrogen and Lithium
c)
Hydrogen and Sodium
d)
Hydrogen and Helium
35.
A gigantic explosion that causes the death of a large star is called
a)
pulsar
b)
red giant 
c)
supernova
d)
black hole
36.
Which of the following list the correct order of the life cycle of massive stars?
a)
Nebula --> protostar --> main sequence --> red supergiant --> supernova --> blackhole
b)
Nebula --> protostar --> main sequence --> red giant --> planetary nebula --> white dwarf --> black dwarf
c)
Nebula --> protostar --> main sequence --> supernova --> red giant --> blackhole
d)
Nebula --> protostar --> blackhole --> red supergiant --> supernova --> main sequence
37.
What characteristics of stars are plotted on an HR Diagram?
a)
Temperature and brightness
b)
Temperature and color
c)
Brightness and age
38.
What are the 4 colors stars can be?
a)
Blue, white, Purple, Green
b)
Yellow, Red, Orange, Blue
c)
Yellow, Blue, Pink, Red
39.
What color stars have the coolest temperature?
a)
Yellow
b)
Red
c)
Blue
40.
What color star is most common in the universe?
a)
Red
b)
Yellow
c)
Blue
41.
Why are there more stars of some colors than others?
a)
Because some colors (like red) live longer lives, so we see more of them.
b)
Because some colors are easier for our eyes to see.
c)
Because some colors are hotter and they show up better.
42.
Large stars are usually:
a)
very hot and very bright
b)
not very hot and not very bright
43.
Small stars are usually:
a)
very hot and very bright
b)
not very hot and not very bright
44.
Stars have different life cycles based on their:
a)
Size (mass)
b)
Temperature
c)
Color
45.
After main sequence, what stage do low mass stars go through?
a)
Red Giant
b)
Red Supergiant
c)
Supernova
46.
After main sequence, what stage do high mass stars go through?
a)
Red Giant
b)
Red Supergiant
c)
Supernova
47.
What determines the color of a star? 
a)
It's size
b)
It's temperature
c)
It's composition
d)
They are all the same color 
48.
Larger stars (stars with more mass) have a longer life cycle. 
a)
True
b)
False
49.
At what stage in a stars life cycle are elements heavier than iron form? 
a)
Red Giant
b)
Supernova
c)
Black Hole
d)
Main Sequence
50.
A large cloud of gas and dust in outer space ejected by an aging star near the end of its life cycle.
What stage in the life cycle is this describing? 
a)
Main Sequence
b)
Planetary Nebula
c)
Black Hole
d)
Neutron Star
51.
What stage of the life cycle of a star is this? 
a)
Main Sequence
b)
Red Giant
c)
Black Hole
d)
Neutron star
52.
The HR Diagram shows a relationship of a star's surface temperature and its
a)
color
b)
size
c)
apparent magnitude
d)
absolute magnitude
53.
At 10,000 degrees Celsius, hydrogen begins to change into helium and energy is released in a process called
a)
supernova
b)
pulsar
c)
nuclear fusion
d)
nuclear fission
54.
Which of the following terms should be listed first chronologically? 
a)
Main-Sequence
b)
Protostar
c)
White Dwarf
d)
Red Giant
55.
Baby stars are born where?
a)
In nebulae
b)
In the vastness of space
c)
Inside larger stars
d)
None of these are correct
56.
Which star has the lowest luminosity?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
57.
Which star has the lowest temperature?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
58.
Which star is considered a Main Sequence Star?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
59.
Put the stars in order from hottest to coolest.
a)
Blue, Red, White, Yellow, Orange, 
b)
Red, White, Yellow, Orange, Blue
c)
Blue, White, Yellow, Red, Orange
d)
Blue, White, Yellow, Orange, Red
60.
In the diagram given, what happens as we move to the left?
a)
Stars Get Larger
b)
Stars get Colder
c)
Stars get hotter
61.
Which star is the coldest?
a)
Yellow Star
b)
Red Star
c)
Orange Star
d)
Blue Star
62.
As a whole, Giants are considered hotter than White Dwarfs.
a)
True
b)
False
63.
Look at the H-R diagram. Which star is
sort of cool, dim (not too much light), and red?
a)
Betelguse
b)
Sirius B
c)
Procyon B
d)
Barnard's star
64.
Which star has the lowest temperature?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
65.
Which spectral class does our star, the sun, belong to?
a)
M
b)
K
c)
G
d)
F
66.

A, D, and E are all on the main sequence. What are they fusing in their cores?

a)

H into He

b)

H and He into Li

c)

He into C

67.

What small, hot, faint objects are found at B?

a)

neutron stars

b)

black holes

c)

white dwarfs

d)

brown dwarfs

68.

What objects are found at C?

a)

Blue giants

b)

Red giants

c)

White dwarfs

d)

Main sequence stars

69.

The average distance between the Sun and the Earth is called

a)

Astronomical unit

b)

Parsec

c)

Light year

d)

Parallax distance

70.

Which of the following is the evidence of the expansion of universe?

a)

Blue shift

b)

Red shift

c)

Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR)

d)

Supernova

71.

What is responsible for the creation of universe?

a)

Dark matter

b)

Dark energy

c)

Supernova

d)

Formation of galaxies

72.

Which of the following equations represents Hubble's law?

a)

v = Hd

b)

v = H/d

c)

d = vH

d)

H = d/v

73.

What is the approximate position of giants in the shown HR diagram?

a)

D

b)

C

c)

A

d)

B

74.

Apparent brightness of a star is defined as

a)

energy emitted per unit surface area

b)

energy emitted per second per unit surface area

c)

power emitted per second per unit surface area

d)

energy emitted per second

75.

A group of stars in a recognizable pattern is called as

a)

Nebulae

b)

Stellar Cluster

c)

Constellation

d)

Galaxy

76.

The nuclear reaction that takes place in the core of the stars is

a)

Nuclear disposition

b)

Nuclear fission

c)

Nuclear fusion

d)

Nuclear composition

77.

Stellar equilibrium means

a)

Radiation pressure inside a star is greater than gravitational pull of the molecules

b)

Gravitational pull of molecules inside a star is greater than the radiation pressure

c)

Radiation pressure inside a star is equal to the gravitational pull of the molecules

78.

Our sun in the milky way galaxy belongs to the main sequence stars of HR Diagram

a)

True

b)

False

79.

According to Kepler's laws of planetary system, all the planets revolve around the Sun in circular orbits and Sun is at the center of the solar system.

a)

False

b)

True

80.

Geocentric theory is proposed by

a)

Kepler

b)

Copernicus

c)

Ptolemy

d)

Aristotle

81.

Mars has a smaller gravitational field strength at the surface than the Earth. This is because...

a)

The mass of Mars is smaller than Earth.

b)

Mars has a very thin atmosphere.

c)

Mars has no water on the surface.

d)

Mars orbits the Sun at a slower speed than Earth.

82.

Which of the following answers best describes the orbits of planets, moons and comets?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

83.

Which of the following gives the sizes of astronomical objects in order of increasing size?

a)

Solar system, universe, galaxy

b)

Universe, galaxy, solar system

c)

Solar system, galaxy, universe

d)

Galaxy, solar system, universe

84.

Approximately how many stars are in a typical galaxy?

a)

Hundreds of stars

b)

Thousands of stars

c)

Millions of stars

d)

Billions of stars

85.

What is the name of our own galaxy containing the Sun?

a)

The Andromeda galaxy

b)

The Milky Way galaxy

c)

The Orion galaxy

d)

The Hubble galaxy

86.

Which of these statements is correct?

a)

Planets orbit moons, planets orbit stars

b)

Moons orbit planets, stars orbit planets

c)

Moons orbit stars, stars orbit planets

d)

Moons orbit planets, planets orbit stars

87.

The formula above can be used to calculate the orbital velocity v of any object. It can be re-arranged to find the radius of the orbit.


Which of the following has been correctly re-arranged?

a)
b)
c)
d)
88.

The radius of the Earth's orbit is about 150 million kilometres. In standard form, and given in metres, this is...

a)

1.5 x 108 m

b)

1.5 x 1010 m

c)

1.5 x 1011 m

d)

1.5 x 1012 m

89.

The Earth orbits the Sun in 1 year, which is 3.2 x 107 seconds. The radius of the Earth's orbit is about 150 million kilometres. What is the orbital velocity of the Earth?

a)

4.6 x 103 m/s

b)

29 m/s

c)

4.6 m/s

d)

2.9 x 104 m/s

90.

Astronomers make detailed observations of individual stars. Which measurement will lead to finding the surface temperature of the star?

a)

The colour of the star.

b)

The brightness of the star.

c)

The observed size of the star.

d)

The motion of the star.

91.

Stars that are stable and producing energy from fusion for millions (or billions) of years are called...

a)

Red giant stars.

b)

Brown dwarf stars.

c)

Variable stars.

d)

Main sequence stars.

92.

What is a 'nebula'?

a)

A large cloud of dust and gas.

b)

A small dwarf star.

c)

A type of supernova.

d)

A type of galaxy.

93.

Large stars have a very different evolutionary ending to stars like our Sun. Which of these best describes the end stages of very large stars and extremely large stars?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

94.
What best describes the doppler effect?
a)
An apparent change in frequency of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer
b)
When sound changes pitch
c)
When light changes color
d)
An apparent change in the amplitude of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer.
95.
If a star is being observed from Earth and it's light has shifted towards the blue side of the electromagnetic spectrum it would be...
a)
Moving towards the Earth
b)
Moving away from the Earth
c)
This is a trick question that cannot be answered
d)
It isn't a star, it is a very large blueberry.
96.
If a star is being observed from Earth and it's light has shifted towards the red side of the electromagnetic spectrum it would be...
a)
Moving towards the Earth
b)
Moving away from the Earth
c)
This is a trick question that cannot be answered
d)
It isn't a star, it is a very large blueberry.
97.
The vast majority of galaxies in our universe are moving away from us.  We know this because we observe __________ in the galaxies absorption spectra.
a)
Redshift
b)
Blueshift
c)
Turbulance
d)
Superposition
98.
Use the image to identify the motion of the object relative to Earth.  Compare the absorption spectra of the star to what the star would look like if it were not moving at all relative to Earth.
a)
It is not moving
b)
It is moving away from Earth (Redshift)
c)
It is moving towards Earth (Blueshift)
d)
It is moving towards Earth (Redshift)
99.
Use the image to identify the motion of the object relative to Earth.  Compare the absorption spectra of the star to what the star would look like if it were not moving at all relative to Earth.
a)
It is not moving relative to Earth
b)
It is moving away from Earth (Redshift)
c)
It is moving towards Earth (Blueshift)
d)
It is moving towards Earth (Redshift)
100.
Use the image to identify the motion of the object relative to Earth.  Compare the absorption spectra of the star to what the star would look like if it were not moving at all relative to Earth.
a)
It is not moving relative to Earth
b)
It is moving away from Earth (Redshift)
c)
It is moving towards Earth (Blueshift)
d)
It is moving towards Earth (Redshift)
101.
An object that is moving VERY fast away from Earth would have ________ than an object that is moving very slow away from Earth.
a)
More Redshift
b)
More Blueshift
c)
Less Redshift
d)
Less Blueshift
102.
An object that is moving VERY fast towards the Earth would have ________ than an object that is moving very slow towards the Earth.
a)
More Redshift
b)
More Blueshift
c)
Less Redshift
d)
Less Blueshift
103.
Which discovery(ies) came from our understanding redshift/ blueshift?
a)
The universe is expanding
b)
Most galaxies are moving away from us
c)
Andromeda galaxy will collide with the Milky way in 3.75 billion years
d)
All of the above (and many more)
104.
When redshift occurs, the perceived frequency of the wave would...
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stay the same
d)
Make bird sounds
105.
When redshift occurs, the perceived WAVELENGTH of the wave would...
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stay the same
d)
Make squirrell sounds
106.
When blueshift occurs, the perceived frequency of the wave would...
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stay the same
d)
Make duck sounds
107.
When blueshift occurs, the perceived WAVELENGTH of the wave would...
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stay the same
d)
Make frog sounds
108.
Red stars are the _____________.
a)
hottest
b)
coolest
c)
biggest
d)
brightest
109.
Blue stars are the _____________.
a)
hottest
b)
coolest
c)
smallest
110.
Which star has the lowest temperature?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
111.

Which star shown below is brightest?

a)

a magnitude -1 star

b)

a magnitude 1 star

c)

a magnitude 2 star

d)

a magnitude 3 star

112.

What small, hot, faint objects are found at B?

a)

neutron stars

b)

black holes

c)

white dwarfs

d)

brown dwarfs

113.
The HR Diagram shows a relationship of a star's surface temperature and its
a)
color
b)
size
c)
apparent magnitude
d)
absolute magnitude
114.
Compared to the rest of the stars, our sun is considered...
a)
Extremely Large and Cold
b)
Small with a medium temperature
c)
Medium size with medium temperature
115.
In the diagram given, what happens as we move to the left?
a)
Stars Get Larger
b)
Stars get Colder
c)
Stars get hotter
116.

How much time does it take to go into a black hole?

a)

1 second

b)

infinite time

c)

20 years

d)

2 picoseconds

117.

What is the fourth layer of the atmosphere

a)

Troposphere

b)

Thermosphere

c)

Exosphere

d)

Vesosphere

118.

Which of the following is the largest?

a)

Parsec

b)

Lightyear

c)

Astronomical Unit

d)

1 billion Kilometers

119.

In this theory, astronomers think that once a limit is reached, the universe will collapse upon itself and shrink back down to pure energy.

a)

Milky Way

b)

Big Crunch

c)

Big Dipper

d)

Nothing

120.

(a)   has helped scientists move one step closer to PROVING that the Big Bang actually happened.

121.

Examples of nuclear fuels are...

a)

Uranium

b)

Neptunium

c)

Plutonium

d)

Mercury

122.

Experiment 16.1 shows us that the universe is expanding

a)

From the center out

b)

From the center to the right

c)

Away with no specific geometry

d)

in a spiral pattern

123.

Critical mass is

a)

The amount of isotope needed to stop a chain reaction

b)

The amount of isotope needed to start a chain reaction

c)

The amount of radioactive material needed to start chain reaction.

d)

The amount of isotope necessary to sustain a chain reaction.

124.

An H-R diagram is : (choose all that are true)

a)

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

b)

a diagram that compares the relationship between a star's temperature and it's magnitude.

c)

plots spectral letters and absolute magnitude on a graph

d)

Hertzmann-Ross Diagram

125.

A star’s brightness depends on its _________.

Its color depends on its ___________________.

Its life cycle depends on its __________.

a)

size, mass, color

b)

size, temperature, mass

c)

temperature, mass, size

126.

Which of the following answers best describes the orbits of planets, moons and comets?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

127.

Which of the following gives the sizes of astronomical objects in order of increasing size?

a)

Solar system, universe, galaxy

b)

Universe, galaxy, solar system

c)

Solar system, galaxy, universe

d)

Galaxy, solar system, universe

128.

Approximately how many stars are in a typical galaxy?

a)

Hundreds of stars

b)

Thousands of stars

c)

Millions of stars

d)

Billions of stars

129.

What is the name of our own galaxy containing the Sun?

a)

The Andromeda galaxy

b)

The Milky Way galaxy

c)

The Orion galaxy

d)

The Hubble galaxy

130.

Which of these statements is correct?

a)

Planets orbit moons, planets orbit stars

b)

Moons orbit planets, stars orbit planets

c)

Moons orbit stars, stars orbit planets

d)

Moons orbit planets, planets orbit stars

131.
What best describes the doppler effect?
a)
An apparent change in frequency of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer
b)
When sound changes pitch
c)
When light changes color
d)
An apparent change in the amplitude of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer.

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