creates open-ended learning situations for building
real-world skills

puts sharp focus on very particular content,
often ignoring the development of the real-world skills necessary to use the content

It
assumes that language is like a set of building blocks that can be layered down for
a foundation and then built into meaningful structures. Such a syllabus obviously
matches grammar-based pedagogy

it seeks to (1) identify needs and
then (2) satisfy them with the appropriate language usage

linear syllabus is similar to product syllabus

cyclical syllabus focuses on organizing the program topic by topic disconnected to each other

such syllabi focus on form and accuracy

it raises motivation because it is communicative, and (3) it covers
"all kinds of language functions"

moves away from
straight grammar teaching and focuses on real-world word/phrase usage,
frequency, and their unique generative powers.

it refers to the
concurrent study of language and subject matter,

this types of content based syllabus is presented through a series of topics that vary from lesson to lesson or from short
unit to short unit

In this type of content based syllabus students interact more
and for longer periods of time with a single content area

(a) a content course taught by a content specialist (e.g., a psychology class, an
introduction to business law class) and (b) a language-support class, taught by a
language teacher

classes can be taught by content specialists rather than language
specialists