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Unit 1 Psych Test Review (Foundations & Research))

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is psychology? 
a)
The study of behavior. 
b)
The study of mental processes.
c)
The study of the mind.
d)
All of the above. 
2.

Peer Review of a piece of new psychological research should be conducted by

a)

A specially appointed government minister

b)

Another researcher working in a different field of psychology

c)

Another researcher working in the same field of psychology

d)

The head of department in the university where the research was conducted

3.
What is psychology? 
a)
The study of behavior. 
b)
The study of mental processes.
c)
The study of the mind.
d)
All of the above. 
4.
Psychologists study human _______________________ by observing and measuring how people act. 
a)
behavior
b)
natural
c)
bilogy
d)
none of the above
5.

a statement that attempts to explain why something is the way it is and happens the way it does

a)

construct

b)

hypothesis

c)

law

d)

theory

6.

Cognitive activities are mental processes, such as dreams, perceptions, thoughts, and memories

a)

True

b)

False

7.

Psychology is closely related to what other field of study?

a)

English

b)

Philosophy

c)

Botany

d)

Oncology

8.

Sigmund Freud is associated with what approach to therapy and treating patients?

a)

Psychoanalysis

b)

Behavior Therapy

c)

Electric Shock Therapy

d)

None of the Above

9.

Psychologists / Researchers must use the scientific method when they are conducting research.

a)

True

b)

False

10.

The national collection of researchers and professionals who educate others about psychology and review research is known as the _________.

a)

American Psychological Association

b)

Therapist Collective

c)

World Psychology Conference

d)

Psychedelics

11.
Explored the concept that the brain and the body were separate but communicated with each other. 
a)
Wundt
b)
Descartes
c)
Artistotle
d)
Bruner 
12.
Which view of behavior is Freud the founder of? 
a)
Behaviorism
b)
Psychoanalytic 
c)
Cognitive 
d)
Humanism 
13.
Who is associated with introspection?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
William James
c)
Wilhelm Wundt 
d)
Jean Piaget
14.
Developed the first research laboratory for systematic study of Psychology.
a)
Aristotle
b)
Freud
c)
Descartes
d)
Wundt
15.
Which perspective would be most likely to state behavior is motivated by self-actualization and the promise of human potential?
a)
Evolutionary
b)
Humanistic
c)
Biochemical 
d)
Sociocultural
16.

An early approach to scientific psychology called ________ emphasized the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness.

a)

psychoanalysis

b)

functionalism

c)

introspection

d)

structuralism

17.

Who is credited with coming up with structuralism?

a)

Sir Francis Bacon

b)

Edward Titchener

c)

William James

d)

G. Stanley Hall

18.

Who is credited with creating functionalism?

a)

Sir Francis Bacon

b)

Edward Titchener

c)

William James

d)

G. Stanley Hall

19.

Who is credited with bringing psychology to the U.S. and creating the American Psychological Association?

a)

Wilhelm Wundt

b)

Edward Titchener

c)

William James

d)

G. Stanley Hall

20.

Which early psychological perspective believes that the mind can be broken up into separate parts?

a)

introspection

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

empricism

21.

What is the name of the technique where people would examine their own thoughts/behaviors?

a)

introspection

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

empricism

22.
Who studied unconscious and conscious behavior?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
B.F. Skinner
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
John B. Watson
23.
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Abraham Maslow
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
B.F. Skinner
24.

Which of the following has to do with your actions being because of you genetics?

a)

Nature

b)

Nurture

25.

Which of the following has to do with your actions being because of your environment?

a)

Nature

b)

Nurture

26.
The “nuture” argument suggests that people socialize and behave in certain ways because of 
a)
the way they are born
b)
the way they are raised
c)
the alignment of the stars
d)
the cultural expectations of the society
27.
The “nature” argument suggests that people socialize and behave in certain ways because of 
a)
the way they are born
b)
the way they are raised
c)
the alignment of the stars
d)
the cultural expectations of the society
28.

Behaviorist. Operant Conditioning. Behavior is determined by the consequence that follows it

a)

Carl Rogers

b)

Francis Cecil Sumner

c)

BF Skinner

d)

John Watson

e)

Jean Piaget

29.

Which animal Pavlov used for his experiments?

a)

A Rat

b)

A Cat

c)

A Dog

d)

A Parrot

30.

Which stimulus does Pavlov used for the experiment?

a)

The sound of a bell before eating time

b)

A punishment after a wrong act

c)

Awards after good acts

d)

A song before eating time

31.

What method Pavlov created?

a)

Cause and effect

b)

Natural conditioning

c)

Extraordinal conditioning

d)

Classical conditioning

32.

In social learning theory, people model behaviours they see. What behaviour was modelled in the Bobo study by Bandura?

a)

Cuddling the bobo doll

b)

Talking to the bobo doll

c)

Acting aggressively towards the bobo doll

d)

Leaving the bobo doll alone

33.

assumes that humans learn behavior through observational learning—in other words, people can learn by watching models and imitating their behavior.

a)

self-efficacy

b)

consistency

c)

vicarious reinforcement

d)

Social Cognitive Learning Theory

34.

People evolve through 8 socioemotional stages

a)

Konrad Lorenz

b)

Erik Erikson

c)

Lawrence Kohlberg

d)

Carol Gilligan

35.

Studied theory of attachment in infant monkeys (contact comfort matters most!)

a)

Howard Gardner

b)

Solomon Asch

c)

Lev Vygotsky

d)

Harry Harlow

36.

Studied operant conditioning techniques

a)

Edward Tolman

b)

B.F. Skinner

c)

James Lange

d)

Ivan Pavlov

37.

Theory of 3 stages of moral development

a)

Jean Piaget

b)

Lawrence Kohlberg

c)

Erik Erikson

d)

Abraham Maslow

38.

Founded first psychology lab in the United States

a)

Wilhelm Wundt

b)

William James

c)

Plato

d)

Hubel & Wisel

39.

19th century advocate for the mentally ill - attempted to improve conditions in asylums

a)

Alfred Adler

b)

Dorothea Dix

c)

Sigmund Freud

d)

Titchener

40.

Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory says that we all have 3 levels of consciousness: the conscious, subconscious, and ___________.

a)

anticonscious

b)

deconscious

c)

unconscious

d)

preconscious

41.

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs begins with the PHYSIOLOGICAL NEED for ________.

a)

air, food, water, and shelter

b)

the need for love and belonging

c)

self-actualization

d)

self-esteem

42.

According to B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning, we can INCREASE behavior in others through __________.

a)

rewards

b)

punishments

c)

stimulus

d)

nagging

43.

Which Psychologist noticed his dogs salivated (drooled) when he rang a bell, even if food was not present?

a)

Abraham Maslow

b)

B.F. Skinner

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Dr. Dre

44.

Jean Piaget's theory of human development explains that humans develop in ______ stages.

a)

cognitive

b)

unpredictable

c)

behavioral

d)

physical

45.

Most psychologists would agree that development is:

a)

entirely due to nature

b)

Entirely due to nurture

c)

The interaction of both nature and nurture

d)

Wait...huh??

46.

Charlie’s nose looks just like his grandfather’s nose. This is an example of

a)

nurture.

b)

heredity.

c)

environment.

d)

learned behavior.

47.

A culture's ___________ are its understood rules for accepted and expected behavior.

a)

dances

b)

norms

c)

past

d)

eating habits

48.

Peer Review of a piece of new psychological research should be conducted by

a)

A specially appointed government minister

b)

Another researcher working in a different field of psychology

c)

Another researcher working in the same field of psychology

d)

The head of department in the university where the research was conducted

49.
The population in a research study is...
a)
the whole group of research interest.
b)
the smaller group that has been chosen from the group of research interest.
c)
exactly the same as the sample.
d)
always smaller than the sample.
50.

In an experiment, the _________________ variable is tested by the researcher to observe its effect(s) on the _________________ variable.

a)

A.independent; dependent

b)

B.first; second

c)

C.dependent; independent

d)

D.research; results

51.
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
52.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it creates an immense amount of data to be gathered quickly and inexpensively.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
53.

Identify the type of relationship between weight and price.

a)

The price is never 0 on the graph

b)

As weight increases, price increases

c)

There is a negative linear correlation between weight and price

d)

The price gets high at the end of the graph

54.

What kind of relationship?

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Relationship

55.

What kind of relationship?

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Relationship

56.

What kind of relationship?

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Relationship

57.

In an experiment studying the impact of meditation on stress, the control group should

a)

A.not meditate at all.

b)

B.meditate as often as the experimental group.

c)

C.be able to choose whether to meditate or not.

d)

D.meditate more often than the experimental group.

58.

The main purpose of ethical guidelines for research in Psychology is to

a)

A.minimise the problems that participants cause for researchers.

b)

B.guarantee that the experimentation runs without problems.

c)

C.ensure that any results published will not be challenged.

d)

D.protect the welfare and rights of the participants.

59.

Which kind of study can establish a cause-effect relationship between variables, assuming that the research is appropriate and well conceived?

a)

survey

b)

case study

c)

correlational study

d)

experiment

60.
Independent variable is to dependent variable as _________ is to ____________.
a)
hypothesis | conclusion
b)
effect | cause
c)
cause | effect.
d)
conclusion | hypothesis
61.
In a study of the effect of a driver training program on driving skill, a possible operationalisation of the dependent variable would be...
a)
driving quality
b)
number of accidents
c)
hours spent training
d)
amount of traffic
62.

The variable manipulated by the researcher is the

a)

Dependent Variable

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Confounding Variable

d)

Correlational variable

63.

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution is known as the

a)

Range

b)

Mean

c)

Median

d)

Mode

64.

This is an example of a

a)

Positive skew

b)

Negative skew

c)

Positive Correlation

d)

Negative Correlation

65.

The ethical guideline for research in which participants must agree to be a part of the study is known as

a)

Informed consent

b)

Confidentiality

c)

Free from harm

d)

Debriefing

66.

In an experiment, the variable that changes in response to independent variable is known as

a)

Independent variable

b)

Dependent variable

c)

Changing variable

d)

Control variable

67.

The middle score in a distribution, half scores are above it and half are below it, is known as what?

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Mean

c)

Mode

d)

Median

68.

In an experiment, the group with independent variable is known as what?

a)

Single blind Group

b)

Control Group

c)

Experimental Group

d)

The effect

69.

The names of the participants in a research experiment must be kept secret is an ethical guideline known as

a)

Debriefing

b)

Free from harm

c)

Informed Consent

d)

Confidentiality

70.

Average of a distribution, obtained by adding scores and dividing by number of scores is known as the

a)

Mode

b)

Median

c)

Mean

d)

Range

71.

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research experiment is known as

a)

replication

b)

operational definition

c)

hypothesis

d)

standardization

72.

A disadvantage of this descriptive method is that only 50% of the people asked to participate, actually do.

a)

Naturalistic observation

b)

Survey

c)

Case study

d)

Correlation

73.

The measure of how much scores vary around the mean is known as the

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Scatter plot

c)

Median

d)

Range

74.

The group in an experiment that does not have the independent variable is known as what?

a)

Double blind group

b)

Outlier

c)

Experimental group

d)

Control group

75.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
76.
What is a double blind procedure?
a)
Participants don't know which group they're in
b)
Researchers don't know which group the participants are in
c)
Neither participants nor researcher knows who is in which group
d)
Both researcher and participants know who is in each group
77.

Which of the following methods best limits the influence of unknown variables in an experiment?

a)

Random assignment

b)

Debriefing

c)

Stratified Sampling

d)

Subject matching

e)

Correlational study

78.

All of the following are American Psychological Association (APA) ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:

a)

Research may not involve deception

b)

Participiation must be voluntary

c)

Participants must be informed of potential risks

d)

Participants must be offered alternative activities if research participation is a course requirement

e)

Particpants' right to privacy must be protected

79.

Participants are told the green liquid is a new energy drink that offers a nearly instant energy boost. They are asked to lift 25 lbs as many times as possible. Then, after rest, they drink the drink and try again. Most do much better after drinking, even though it's really just water.

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Case Study

c)

Extraneous Variable

d)

The Placebo Effect

80.

Which category of research focuses on turning data into numbers for analysis?

a)

Qualitative Research

b)

Quantitative Research

c)

Mixed Methods