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Judicial Branch (AP GOV) Review

Total questions: 98

Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

America's federal judiciary is established in...

a)

Article I

b)

Article II

c)

Article III

d)

Article IV

2.

Which branch of government has the authority to establish "inferior" federal courts?

a)

Executive branch

b)

Legislative branch

c)

Judicial branch

d)

State legislatures

3.

The court that has the authority to hear a case first has

a)

Appellate Jurisdiction

b)

Primary Jurisdiction

c)

Original Jurisdiction

d)

Secondary Jurisdiction

4.

Most of the cases SCOTUS hears come from

a)

Original Jurisdiction

b)

Appellate Jurisdiction

5.

The US Constitution directly creates only the (a)   Court.

6.

While the President has the power to appoint federal judges, who must approve them?

(a)  

7.

How is the Judicial Branch able to check the power of the other branches?

a)

By refusing to seat members of Congress

b)

By impeaching members of the other branches

c)

By using Judicial Review

d)

By Judicial Declaration

8.

The Supreme Court expresses its official opinion through the ________ _______

a)

Judicial Review

b)

Majority Opinion

c)

Concurring Opinion

d)

Dissenting Opinion

9.

Which type of judicial philosophy goes by what is directly written within the Constitution to help to decide the case?

a)

Judicial Restraint

b)

Judicial Activism

10.

The majority opinion, issued by the Supreme Court as the final decision of a case, becomes the standard or guide that will be followed in deciding similar cases in the future. this standard or guide is known as a

a)

Precedent

b)

Stare Decisis

c)

Brief

d)

Decision

11.

The judicial philosophy that advocates the courts' active role in policymaking is called

a)

strict constructionist

b)

loose constructionist

c)

judicial activism

d)

judicial restraint

12.

"It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases, must of necessity expound and interpret that rule. If two laws conflict with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each."

-Chief Justice John Marshall

Which of the following principles is most accurately reflected in the quote from John Marshall?

a)

Republicanism

b)

Judicial Review

c)

Constitutionalism

d)

Checks and Balances

13.

What is the document that must be filed in order for SCOTUS to hear an appeal?

a)

Writ of Breve

b)

Writ of Mandamus

c)

Writ of Habeus Corpus

d)

Writ of Certiorari

14.

What kind of opinion is written by a justice who disagrees with the majority opinion of the court?

a)

Majority Opinion

b)

Dissenting Opinion

c)

Concurring Opinion

d)

Minority Opinion

15.

When district Courts are encouraged to rule in the same manner as other districts courts, they are said to adhere to

a)

Persuasive Precedent

b)

Binding Precedent

c)

Stare Decisis

d)

Amicus Curiae

16.

A guiding principle in which justices rely on precedent; basically states that the ruling in the lower court is upheld.

a)

Dissenting Opinion

b)

Amicus brief

c)

Stare decisis

d)

Original Jurisdiction

17.

Literally meaning "friend of the court", these are submitted to the SCOTUS by non-parties in a case that have a stake in the case. Some justices read them. Some don't.

a)

Amicus Curiae

b)

Writ of habeus corpus

c)

Miranda rights

d)

Appellate jurisdiction

18.

After the President nominates a federal judge...

a)

They must be approved by a ⅔ majority in the senate

b)

They must be approved by a simple majority in the senate

c)

They must be approved by 60 senators

d)

They must be approve by a simple majority in the house

19.
What branch is having its power checked when...
the Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional?
a)
Legislative Branch
b)
Executive Branch
c)
Judicial Branch
d)
none
20.
What branch is having its power checked when...
Congress impeaches a judge?
a)
Legislative Branch
b)
Executive Branch
c)
Judicial Branch
d)
none
21.
What branch is having its power checked when...
Congress refuses to approve judicial appointments.
a)
Legislative Branch
b)
Executive Branch
c)
Judicial Branch
d)
Executive & Judicial Branch
22.
What branch is having its power checked when...
Congress proposes Constitutional Amendments?
a)
Legislative Branch
b)
Executive Branch
c)
Judicial Branch
d)
none
23.
What branch is having its power checked when...
the Supreme Court declares an presidential act unconstitutional?
a)
Legislative Branch
b)
Executive Branch
c)
Judicial Branch
d)
none
24.

How is the power of the judicial branch limited by the U.S. Constitution?

a)

It lacks the authority to approve new legislation.

b)

It lacks the authority to hand down punishments.

c)

It lacks the authority to evaluate the actions of government officials.

d)

It lacks the authority to make people appear in court without their consent.

25.

In The Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton states, “A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as a fundamental law. It therefore belongs to them to ascertain its meaning.” Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this statement?

a)

Baker v. Carr (1962)

b)

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

c)

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

d)

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

26.

Supreme Court justices were given life terms subject to good behavior by the Framers of the Constitution in order to ensure that...

a)

justices are free from direct political pressures

b)

justices are encouraged to make politically popular decisions

c)

cooperation between the judicial and legislative branches is assured

d)

justices remain accountable to the public

27.

What is "Jurisdiction"?

a)

The final decision in a court case.

b)

An order given by the president.

c)

The court's authority to hear a case.

d)

The way Donald Trump's wig fits over his head.

28.

How long is a term for a Supreme Court justice?

a)

2 years

b)

4 years

c)

6 years

d)

Life

29.

Who nominates a Supreme Court Judge?

a)

President

b)

Senate

c)

House of Representatives

d)

Vice President

30.

Who approves a Supreme Court judge?

a)

President

b)

Senate

c)

House of Representatives

d)

Speaker of the House

31.

What is the main job of the Judicial Branch?

a)

Make Laws

b)

Enforce Laws

c)

Interpret Laws

32.

What "check" does the Judicial Branch have over the other branches?

a)

Declare laws or acts unconstitutional

b)

Veto laws

c)

Appoint cabinet members

d)

Create a national budget

33.

Which case confirmed the court's power of Judicial Review?

a)

Marbury v. Madison

b)

McCulloch v. Maryland

c)

Baker v. Carr

d)

Gideon v. Wainwright

34.

The majority of cases reviewed by the Supreme Court are

a)

Appellate Jurisdiction

b)

Original Jurisdiction

c)

Lower court Jursidiction

d)

Criminal Jurisdiction

35.

How are cases chosen by the Supreme Court?

a)

The people vote in an election for cases

b)

The Supreme Court Justices must be unanimous in agreeing to hear a case

c)

The Supreme Court Justices need a majority opinion to hear a case

d)

The Supreme Court Justices need 4 Justices to agree to hear a case

36.

What would happen if Texas passed a law eliminating all jury trials and the law was challenged in the courts?

a)

The Supreme Court would rule it was unconstitutional.

b)

The federal government would pass a similar law.

c)

The court would be fine with it.

d)

The state courts would defend it.

37.

A "friend of the court" files a/an

a)

amicus curiae

b)

writ of certiorari

c)

friendly waiver

d)

lawsuit

38.

What is the difference between original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction?

a)
Original jurisdiction refers to a case being heard in a federal court; appellate jurisdiction refers to a case being heard in a State court.
b)
Original jurisdiction refers to criminal or civil cases; appellate jurisdiction refers to only to civil cases.
c)
Original jurisdiction refers to a case that could be heard in a federal or a State court; appellate jurisdiction refers to a case that must be heard in a federal court.
d)
Original jurisdiction refers to a court where a case is first heard; appellate jurisdiction refers to a case being heard after it was tried in a lower court.
39.
In the federal system, a district court has the power to
a)
retry a case that was first decided by a State court.
b)
exercise original jurisdiction over a federal case.
c)
apply appellate jurisdiction to a federal case.
d)
determine if a lower court made an unconstitutional ruling on a case.
40.
What is a possible avenue through which some cases have reached the Supreme Court?
a)
Congress asks the Court to review a proposed or recently passed law to see if it is constitutional.
b)
A State holds a convention in which the public votes to have a case sent to the Court for review.
c)
The Court decides to review one of its own earlier cases in order to change or modify its ruling.
d)
The Court issues a writ of certiorari instructing a lower court to send it a case to review.
41.
Fill in the blank on how a case gets to the Supreme Court:
1. Case is filed in a federal district court.
2. ???
3. Case is appealed to the US Supreme Court, which does one of the following:
a. Allows the lower court ruling to stand.
b. Sends the case back to the lower court for reconsideration.
c. Decides to try the case.
a)
Someone sues another person or group.
b)
The Supreme Court declares the law unconstitutional.
c)
The case is filed in a state court.
d)
The case is appealed to a federal court of appeals.
42.

Appellate Jurisdiction is when:

a)

a court is the first to hear a case

b)

a court has the authority to hear a case

c)

a court reviews the decision of a lower court

d)

power is shared between the Federal and State courts to hear a certain case

43.

Original Jurisdiction is when:

a)

a court is the first to hear a case

b)

a court has the authority to hear a case

c)

a court reviews the decision of a lower court

d)

power is shared between the Federal and State courts to hear a certain case

44.

District courts are

a)

the highest level in the federal court system

b)

the intermediate level in the federal court system

c)

the lowest level in the federal court system

d)

the state court system

45.

When the Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional

a)

the law gets passed

b)

the law must be voted on by the people

c)

the law must be rewritten

d)

the law becomes void

46.

What term means the authority of a court to be the first to hear a case?

a)

Limited Jurisdiction

b)

Appellate Jurisdiction

c)

Original Jurisdiction

d)

Primary Jurisdiction

47.

What is an appeal?

a)

Having your evidence presented at an Arraignment

b)

Being arrested and having your rights read to you

c)

Asking a higher court to review your case

d)

Asking a lower court to review your case

48.
What is the dissenting opinion of the Supreme Court?
a)
The winning opinion of a Supreme Court ruling.
b)
The opinion of the Supreme Court law clerks.
c)
The Supreme Court opinion that is buried underground.
d)
The losing opinion of a supreme court ruling.
49.
The Supreme Court can strike down an unconstitutional law. 
a)
True
b)
False
50.
Which accurately describes the order of the Federal Court System?
a)
U.S. District Court, U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Appellate Court
b)
U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Appellate Court, Claims Court
c)
U.S. District Court, U.S. Appellate Court, U.S. Supreme Court
d)
U.S. Veteran Appeals, U.S. Military Court
51.

Why did the Founding Fathers want federal judges to serve life terms?

a)

they wanted to ensure that judges couldn't be bribed

b)

they didn't want masses of uneducated people to influence the outcome of the judicial process

c)

they wanted an independent judiciary that was free from the influence of politics

d)

they wanted to make sure that there was long-lasting stability in the judiciary

52.

When the Supreme Court enacts social justice rulings this is viewed as __.

a)

judicial activism

b)

judicial restraint

c)

a mittimus judgment

d)

preemptory challenge

53.

Which of the following best explains the principle of stare decisis?

a)

It requires that at least four Supreme Court justices agree to hear a case.

b)

It encourages presidents to take judicial experience into account when nominating judges.

c)

It encourages judges to follow precedent when deciding cases.

d)

It reinforces the philosophy of judicial activism.

e)

It increases the number of cases judges are required to hear.

54.

A judicial philosophy in which supporters believe that judges should interpret and apply provisions in the Constitution and in stature law in light of ongoing changes in conditions and values.

a)

Judicial Activism

b)

Judicial Review

c)

Writ of Certiorari

d)

Certificate

55.

An opinion written by a justice who does not agree with the Court’s decisions, explaining the reasons why not.

a)

Brief

b)

Majority Opinion

c)

Concurring Opinion

d)

Dissenting Opinions

56.

An opinion which is basically in agreement with the decision that the Court has made, but which bases the opinion on different reasons.

a)

Brief

b)

Majority Opinion

c)

Concurring Opinion

d)

Dissenting Opinions

57.

The opinion on which the decision of the Court is based, which identifies the issues in the case and the reasons for the decision.

a)

Brief

b)

Majority Opinion

c)

Concurring Opinion

d)

Dissenting Opinions

58.

A judicial philosophy that refrains from departure from precedent and keeps a strict interpretation of Constitutional law.

a)

Judicial review

b)

Judicial restraint

c)

Judicial activism

d)

Judicial supremacy

59.

Announces the Court’s decision in a case and sets out the reasoning upon which it is based.

a)

Judicial opinion

b)

Majority opinion

c)

Concurring opinion

d)

Dissenting opinion

60.

Written explanation of the views of one or more judges who disagree with a decision reached by a majority of the court.

a)

Judicial opinion

b)

Majority opinion

c)

Concurring opinion

d)

Dissenting opinion

61.

A judicial philosophy that the courts can and should go beyond the applicable law to consider broader societal implications and protect or expand individual rights.

a)

Judicial review

b)

Judicial restraint

c)

Judicial activism

d)

Judicial supremacy

62.

Court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar cases.

a)

Precedent

b)

Judicial review

c)

Jurisdiction

d)

Concurring opinion

63.

the practice of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding cases

a)

stare decisis

b)

caseload

c)

docket

d)

writ of certiorari

64.
  1. The legal doctrine under which courts follow legal precedents when deciding cases with similar facts; means “let the decision stand”.

a)

Writ of certiorari

b)

Jurisdiction

c)

Stare decisis

d)

Strict constructionist

65.
  1. Someone who interprets the Constitution as a living document and takes into account changes and social conditions since ratification.

a)
  1. Loose (liberal) constructionist

b)
  1. Concurring opinion

c)
  1. Strict constructionist

d)
  1. Dissenting opinion

66.
  1. Someone who interprets the Constitution in its original context.

a)

Strict constructionist

b)

Judicial activist

c)

Loose (liberal) constructionist

d)

Judicial reviewer

67.

What Supreme Court case established the concept of judicial review?

a)

Brown v. Board of Ed.

b)

McCulloch v. Maryland

c)

U.S. v Lopez

d)

Marbury v. Madison

68.

This document, written by Alexander Hamilton, makes the argument that justices should have lifetime appointments and have the power of judicial review.

a)

Federalist 10

b)

Federalist 51

c)

Federalist 70

d)

Federalist 78

69.

Supreme court opinion that agrees with the majority opinion, but for a different reasoning.

(a)  

70.

Doctrine used in court cases for referring to their previous

judgments based on similar issues.

(a)  

71.

Supreme court opinion in which one or more judges disagree with the court ruling decisions.

(a)  

72.

Supreme Court opinioin that is joined more than half of the judges.

(a)  

73.

The Rule of 4 states that:

a)

Attorney's are only allotted 4 minutes per witness for questioning

b)

If there are ever less than 4 Supreme Court Justices, the role of the Judicial Branch is taken over by the President

c)

There must be at least 4 members of a jury in order to try a case

d)

4 or more Justices must agree to hear a case for it to go to the Supreme Court

74.

What is the opinion of the Supreme Court justices who make up the minority?

a)

Majority Opinion

b)

Concurring Opinion

c)

Unanimous Decision

d)

Dissenting Opinion

75.

Original Jurisdiction is when:

a)

a court is the first to hear a case

b)

a court has the authority to hear a case

c)

a court reviews the decision of a lower court

d)

power is shared between the Federal and State courts to hear a certain case

76.

Appellate Jurisdiction is when:

a)

a court is the first to hear a case

b)

a court has the authority to hear a case

c)

a court reviews the decision of a lower court

d)

power is shared between the Federal and State courts to hear a certain case

77.

Choose the answer(s) that are true of Judicial Review.

a)

Allows the US Supreme Court the authority to choose which cases they will hear.

b)

Is the result of Marbury v Madison

c)

The actions of the executive and legislative branches of government are subject to review.

d)

Gives the US Supreme Court authority to rule actions unconstitutional.

78.

What is "due process of law?"

a)

Government must not enact too many laws or regulations.

b)

Office holders and officials must be bound by the laws.

c)

The process of citizens following the law.

d)

Government must act fairly and in accordance with established rules.

79.

How many justices must agree to hear a case on the Supreme Court?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

ALL

80.

What is the Judiciary Act of 1789?

a)
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was a law passed by the United States Congress that established the federal court system and created the position of Attorney General.
b)
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was a law passed by the United States Congress that abolished the federal court system.
c)
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was a law passed by the United States Congress that established the position of President.
d)
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was a law passed by the United States Congress that granted the power of judicial review to the Supreme Court.
81.

The difference between an appellate court and a district court is that an appellate court

a)

conducts trials by jury

b)

has original jurisdiction

c)

reviews previous court decisions

d)

hears civil cases but not criminal cases

82.

Which branch of government has the authority to establish "inferior" federal courts?

a)

Executive branch

b)

Legislative branch

c)

Judicial branch

d)

State legislatures

83.

Literally meaning "friend of the court", these are submitted to the SCOTUS by non-parties in a case that have a stake in the case. Some justices read them. Some don't.

a)

Amicus Curiae

b)

Writ of habeus corpus

c)

Miranda rights

d)

Appellate jurisdiction

84.

A guiding principle in which justices rely on precedent; basically states that the ruling in the lower court is upheld.

a)

Dissenting Opinion

b)

Amicus brief

c)

Stare decisis

d)

Original Jurisdiction

85.

What is the main topic of Federalist 78?

a)

Executive Branch

b)

Legislative Branch

c)

Judicial Branch

d)

Constitutional Amendments

86.

Why does Hamilton argue for lifetime appointments for federal judges? (Choose all that apply)

a)

To please the people for re-election

b)

To maintain independence and impartiality

c)

To increase the power of the judiciary

d)

To prevent legislative encroachments

87.

According to Hamilton, does the power of judicial review make the federal court system more powerful than the legislature?

a)

Yes, it gives the judiciary more power

b)

No, it balances and checks the legislature

c)

Yes, it undermines the authority of the legislature

d)

No, it is irrelevant to the power dynamics

88.

Which of the following are described in Federalist Number 78? (Check all that apply)

a)

Judges should have protected salaries

b)

Judges should be impartial

c)

Judges should be highly partisan

89.

Which of the following are described in Federalist Number 78? (select all that apply)

a)

Federal judges are appointed for life terms

b)

Federal judges are appointed for 16 year terms

c)

The judicial branch is the most powerful branch of US government

d)

The judicial branch is the weakest brancy of US government

e)

The judicial branch serves as a check on the power of the legislative and executive branches

90.

True or False:

In Fed 78 Hamilton supports limited terms for Judges.

a)

True

b)

False

91.

What is it called when a judge considers past decisions as a guiding basis for their decision in a current matter, especially when the cases are similar.

a)

Stare Decisis

b)

Common Law

c)

binding precedent

d)

persuasive precedent

92.

When a lower court hears a case that parallels and already decided case from a higher level, the lower court is obligated to rule the same way. This is called:

a)

Stare Decisis

b)

Common Law

c)

binding precedent

d)

persuasive precedent

93.

What is the Latin meaning of Certiorari:

a)

"to get it right"

b)

"to hear all arguments"

c)

"to make more certain"

d)

"to do a TikTok"

94.
A friend of the court brief filed by an interest group or interested party to influence a Supreme Court decision.
a)
public affairs
b)
political action committee
c)
amicus curiae breif
d)
grass roots pressure
95.

Interpreting the US Constitution exactly as it is written - not accounting for societal changes

a)

liberal construction

b)

strict construction

c)

narrow construction

d)

broad construction

96.

Interpretating the US Constitution as a living document - which can have different meanings throughout time

a)

liberal construction

b)

broad construction

c)

narrow construction

d)

strict construction

97.

Why did the Founding Fathers want federal judges to serve life terms?

a)

they wanted to ensure that judges couldn't be bribed

b)

they didn't want masses of uneducated people to influence the outcome of the judicial process

c)

they wanted an independent judiciary that was free from the influence of politics

d)

they wanted to make sure that there was long-lasting stability in the judiciary

98.
The use of judicial decisions to create change in society:
a)
judicial activism
b)
judicial restraint
c)
stare decisis
d)
cloture