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WorksheetsKinetic Theory Matter of Particle
Total questions: 170
Worksheet time: 4hrs 30mins
The kinetic model of matter states that
atoms and molecules move in continuous and non-random motion.
atoms and molecules move in continuous and random motion.
the kinetic energies of atoms and molecules increase with increasing temperature.
the pressure of atoms and molecules is due to the collision of these particles with the walls of the container they are in.
Using a microscope, Peter observes that some pollen grains suspended in water move in an irregular manner. This is due to the
pollen grains colliding with one another.
pollen grains repelling one another.
bombardment of pollen grains by water molecules.
bombardment of water molecules by pollen grains.
Choose the most appropriate phrase to complete the following statement.
As the temperature of a gas increases, the gas molecules
move faster.
expand in volume.
increase in mass.
increase in number.
Choose the most appropriate description for the relative forces of attraction between particles in a solid, a liquid and a gas.
A
B
C
D
Solids have high densities relative to liquids because
1 the particles in solids are far apart.
2 the particles in solids have large masses.
3 the particles in solids do not move about.
1 only
2 only
2 and 3 only
None of the above
Siti observes that she cannot compress a syringe filled with water, but she can do so when the same syringe is filled with air. This is because
1 the air molecules are farther apart than the water molecules.
2 there are larger empty spaces between the air molecules compared to between the water molecules.
3 the water molecules have weaker forces of attraction than air molecules
1 and 2 only
2 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
Which statement describes the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid?
A
B
C
D
Which of the following correctly compares the properties of the different states of matter?
A
B
C
D
Brownian motion shows that
particles in all states of matter are in constant, random motion.
particles in a fluid are in continuous, random motion.
particles in solids vibrate about fixed positions.
particles in gases are farther apart compared to in liquids.
Which of the following statements about a gas is/are correct?
1 Smaller gas particles move with higher speeds compared to larger gas particles.
2 The intermolecular forces between gas particles are negligible.
3 At higher temperatures, the volume of gas particles increases.
1 only
2 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Kinetic Model of Matter?
All matter is made up of tiny particles.
Occasionally, particles stop moving.
Particles are always in continuous and random motion.
The type of movement of particles depends on the amount of energy.
Which state of matter is shown in the image?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Thermal Energy
Which state does this picture represent?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Check all properties of the solid state of matter.
Fixed shape and volume
No fixed shape and volume
Low density
High density
Incompressible
Solids have high densities because
particles are always in continuous and random motion.
particles are bigger than those in liquid and gas.
particles are closely packed together.
particles are smaller than those in liquid and gas.
In which state do the particles have the strongest attractive force amongst them.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
In which state do the particles have the weakest attractive force amongst them.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Which of the following properties cannot be explained by the kinetic theory of particles?
Density
Compressibility
Shape
Colour
What could be the change when heat is supplied to a gas?
The particles in the matter expand tremendously.
The particles move randomly at all directions.
The average kinetic energy of the particles increases.
The particles contract and occupy lesser space.
The diagram shows four beakers A, B, C, and D. The beakers contain different amounts of the same liquid at the same temperature. The beakers are left next to each other on a laboratory bench overnight. The diagrams are all drawn to the same circle.
From which beaker does the largest quantity of liquid evaporate?
A
B
C
D
A sealed gas cylinder is left outside on a hot day, sunny day. What happens to the average speed of the gas molecules and to the pressure of the gas in the cylinder as the temperature of the gas rise?
A
B
C
D
The diagram shows a quantity of gas trapped in a cylinder. The piston is pushed in slowly and the gas is compressed. The temperature of the gas does not change.
Which graph shows the relationship between the pressure and the volume of the gas?
Evaporation occurs when molecules escape from a liquid surface into the air above it. During this process, the temperature of the liquid falls.
Why does the temperature of the liquid fall?
The molecules in the vapour expand because the pressure is less
The molecules left in the liquid have more space to move around
The molecules move more slowly when they escape into the air
The molecules with the highest energies escape into the air
Some air is trapped inside a metal can with a tightly fitting lid.
When the can is heated strongly behind a safety screen, the lid is blown off by the increased pressure inside the can.
What causes the increase in pressure of the air inside the can?
The air molecules expand and take up more room
The air molecules move more quickly
The number of molecules inside the can increases
The volume occupied by the molecules decreases
On a warm day, a swimmer climbs out of a swimming pool into the open air and water evaporates from his skin.
As the water evaporates, which molecules escape into the air first and what happens to the average speed of the remaining water molecules?
A
B
C
D
A metal block is heated until it is completely melted. It is then allowed to solidify.
What happens to the mass of the metal during the changes of state?
A
B
C
D
The molecules of a substance become more closely packed and move more quickly.
What is happening to the substance?
A liquid is boiling
A gas being heated and is expanding
A gas being heated and compressed
A liquid is evaporating at room temperature
Brownian motion is observed when looking at smoke particles in air using a microscope.
What causes the smoke particles to move at random?
Smoke particles hit the walls of the container
Smoke particles are hit by air molecules
Smoke particles are moved by convection currents in the air
Smoke particles have different weights and fall at different speeds
A closed flask of gas is placed in a cold-water bath.
As the flask cools, the temperature of the gas decreases.
What happens to the molecules of the gas?
They move more slowly
They move more quickly
They contract
They expand
If the pressure in a container with the volume of 60 cm3 is 100, what is the pressure when the volume of the same container decreases to 24 cm3?
125 pa
250 pa
300 pa
150 pa
The pressure on 6 dm3 of nitrogen gas is doubled at a fixed temperature. What will its volume become?
12 dm3
9 dm3
6 dm3
3 dm3
A container holds 600 litres of air at a pressure of 2 atmospheres. If the pressure on the gas is increased to 5 atmospheres, what will it’s volume become? (Assume that the temperature remains constant)
1200 litres
1500 litres
240 litres
120 litres
A gas cylinder has a volume of 0.4 m3. It contains butane at a pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 20 degree celcius. What pressure is needed to compress the gas to a volume of 0.05 m3 at the same temperature?
250 kPa
1600 kPa
20 kPa
800 kPa
The diagram shows a sealed jar containing a gas.
Which statement about the gas in the jar is correct?
The gas molecules collide with the inside of the jar more often as the temperature increases
The gas molecules move more slowly as the temperature increases
The pressure of the gas decreases as the temperature increases
The pressure of the gas is higher at the top of the jar than at the bottom of the jar
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B
C
D
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Which row describes the forces between the molecules and the motion of the molecules in a solid?
A
B
C
D
The relationship between pressure p and volume V of a
gas is given as pV = constant.
Under which conditions for the mass of a gas and for its temperature does the equation hold?
A
B
C
D
When molecules of a gas rebound from a wall of a container, the wall experiences a pressure.
What is the cause of this pressure?
A. the change in energy of the molecules
B. the change in momentum of the molecules
C. the change in power of the molecules
D. the change in speed of the molecules
Diagram 1 shows apparatus being used to observe smoke particles.
Diagram 2 shows how a smoke particle moves randomly.
Why do the smoke particles move randomly?
A. They are hit by air molecules.
B. They are less dense than air.
C. They are moved by convection currents.
D. They gain energy from the light.
A student blows air through a liquid using a straw. This causes the liquid to evaporate quickly and therefore to cool.
Which statement explains why the remaining liquid cools?
A. Slower-moving molecules are carried away by the air bubbles.
B.The air molecules conduct heat from the liquid.
C. The air sets up convection currents in the liquid.
D. The molecules with most energy leave the liquid.
Wet clothes are hanging outside to dry.
Which condition decreases the rate of evaporation of the water from the clothes?
A. folded clothes
B. higher temperature
C. wetter clothes
D. windy day
A gas is heated in a sealed container.
The volume of the container does not change.
What happens to the molecules of the gas?
A. The average distance between molecules increases.
B. The average kinetic energy of the molecules increases
C. The mass of each molecule increases.
D. The volume of each molecule increases.
Which statement about the evaporation of a liquid is correct?
A. The least energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid decreases.
B. The least energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid increases.
C. The most energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid decreases.
D. The most energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid increases.
Which row describes the arrangement and the motion of the molecules in a gas?
A
B
C
D
A closed container of gas is heated. The
pressure of the gas increases.
Which statement explains this increase in
pressure?
A. The changes in the momentum of the gas molecules striking the walls of the container increase.
B. The forces of attraction between the gas molecules and the walls of the container increase.
C. The gas molecules collide with each other more frequently.
D. The gas molecules lose more energy when they strike the walls of the container.
Which row describes the forces between the molecules and the motion of the molecules in a solid?
A
B
C
D
The relationship between pressure p and volume V of a
gas is given as pV = constant.
Under which conditions for the mass of a gas and for its temperature does the equation hold?
A
B
C
D
When molecules of a gas rebound from a wall of a container, the wall experiences a pressure.
What is the cause of this pressure?
A. the change in energy of the molecules
B. the change in momentum of the molecules
C. the change in power of the molecules
D. the change in speed of the molecules
Diagram 1 shows apparatus being used to observe smoke particles.
Diagram 2 shows how a smoke particle moves randomly.
Why do the smoke particles move randomly?
A. They are hit by air molecules.
B. They are less dense than air.
C. They are moved by convection currents.
D. They gain energy from the light.
A student blows air through a liquid using a straw. This causes the liquid to evaporate quickly and therefore to cool.
Which statement explains why the remaining liquid cools?
A. Slower-moving molecules are carried away by the air bubbles.
B.The air molecules conduct heat from the liquid.
C. The air sets up convection currents in the liquid.
D. The molecules with most energy leave the liquid.
Wet clothes are hanging outside to dry.
Which condition decreases the rate of evaporation of the water from the clothes?
A. folded clothes
B. higher temperature
C. wetter clothes
D. windy day
A gas is heated in a sealed container.
The volume of the container does not change.
What happens to the molecules of the gas?
A. The average distance between molecules increases.
B. The average kinetic energy of the molecules increases
C. The mass of each molecule increases.
D. The volume of each molecule increases.
Which statement about the evaporation of a liquid is correct?
A. The least energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid decreases.
B. The least energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid increases.
C. The most energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid decreases.
D. The most energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid increases.
Which row describes the arrangement and the motion of the molecules in a gas?
A
B
C
D
A closed container of gas is heated. The
pressure of the gas increases.
Which statement explains this increase in
pressure?
A. The changes in the momentum of the gas molecules striking the walls of the container increase.
B. The forces of attraction between the gas molecules and the walls of the container increase.
C. The gas molecules collide with each other more frequently.
D. The gas molecules lose more energy when they strike the walls of the container.
The gas in a sealed container is compressed at constant temperature.
Which graph shows how the pressure of the gas changes with its volume?
Two states of matter are described as follows.
In state 1, the molecules are very far apart. They move about very quickly at random in straight lines until they hit something.
In state 2, the molecules are quite closely packed together. They move about at random. They do not have fixed positions.
What is state 1 and what is state 2?
state 1 is gas and state 2 is liquid
state 1 is gas and state 2 is solid
state 1 is liquid and state 2 is gas
state 1 is solid and state 2 is liquid
Which explanation about the incompressibility of a liquid compared to a gas of the same substance is correct?
The particle size is bigger when the substance is in the liquid state.
The liquid particles are closer together than the gaseous particles.
The liquid particles are heavier than the gaseous particles.
The liquid particles cannot move about freely.
Which row describes the effect of moving the piston slowly in the direction shown in the table?
A
B
C
D
Air in a sealed syringe is slowly compressed by moving the piston. The temperature of the air stays the same. Which statement about the air is correct?
The pressure of the air decreases because its molecules now travel more slowly
The pressure of the air decreases because the area of the syringe walls is now smaller.
The pressure of the air increases because its molecules now hit the syringe walls more frequently.
The pressure of the air increases because its molecules now travel more quickly.
Small smoke particles suspended in air are viewed through a microscope. The smoke particles move randomly. What does this show?
The air consists of fast-moving molecules
The pressure of the air is increasing
There are convection currents in the air
The temperature of the air is increasing
A cylinder of constant volume contains a fixed mass of gas. The gas is cooled. What happens to the pressure of the gas and what happens to the kinetic energy of the gas molecules?
A
B
C
D
A swimmer feels cold after leaving warm water on a warm, windy day. Why does she feel cold even though the air is warm?
The less energetic molecule on her skin escape quickly
The more energetic water molecules on her skin do not escape quickly.
The water on her skin does not evaporate quickly enough to keep her warm.
The water on her skin evaporates quickly and cools her skin.
A car tyre has a constant volume. Why does the pressure of the air in the tyre increase when its temperature increases?
The air molecules hit each other less often
The air molecules hit the inside of the tyre less often
The average speed of the air molecules in the tyre is greater
There are more air molecules in the tyre
A gas storage tank has a fixed volume. The graph shows how the temperature of the gas in the tank varies with time. At time Y, the gas molecules are
close together than at time X
hitting the sides of the tank harder than at time X
larger in size than at time X
moving more slowly than at time X
A cup contains hot liquid. Some of the liquid evaporates. What happens to the mass and what happens to the weight of the liquid in the cup?
A
B
C
D
A gas is stored in a sealed container of constant volume. The temperature of the gas increases. This causes the pressure of the gas to increase. What happens to the gas molecules during this pressure increase?
The average kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
The average separation of the molecules decreases.
The average separation of the molecules increases.
The volume of each molecule increases
A liquid is evaporating. The liquid is not boiling.
Which statement about the liquid is correct?
Any molecule can escape, and from any part of the liquid.
Any molecule can escape, but only from the liquid surface.
Only molecules with enough energy can escape, and only from the liquid surface.
Only molecules with enough energy can escape, but from any part of the liquid.
What causes the random, zig-zag movement (Brownian motion) of smoke particles suspended in air?
smoke particles reacting with oxygen molecules in the air
convection currents as the hot smoke rises
smoke particles colliding with each other
air molecules colliding with smoke particles
A sealed bottle of constant volume contains air.
The air in the bottle is heated by the Sun.
What is the effect on the average speed of the air molecules in the bottle, and the average distance between them?
A
B
C
D
The gas in a container is heated but is kept at constant volume.
Why does the gas pressure increase?
The molecules expand.
The molecules increase in mass.
The molecules move further apart.
The molecules move more rapidly.
A swimmer feels cold after leaving warm water on a warm, windy day.
Why does she feel cold even though the air is warm?
The less energetic water molecules on her skin escape quickly.
The water on her skin evaporates quickly and cools her skin.
The more energetic water molecules on her skin do not escape quickly.
The water on her skin does not evaporate quickly enough to keep her warm.
The diagram represents molecules of gas moving in a container.
What happens to the gas molecules when the temperature of the gas increases?
They move more quickly.
They move more slowly.
They vibrate more quickly.
They vibrate more slowly.
The diagram shows a beaker of water. Four molecules are labelled.
The relative amount of energy of each molecule is shown.
Which molecule is most likely to escape from the liquid?
A
B
C
D
The volume of a gas in a sealed syringe is increased. The temperature of the gas does not change.
After this change is made, what has happened to the gas molecules in the syringe?
They move more quickly.
They move more slowly.
They hit the syringe walls less often.
They hit the syringe walls more often.
The diagram shows four labelled changes of state between solid, liquid and gas.
Which changes need an energy input?
Q and R
P and Q
R and S
S and P
Which diagram best shows the path of a gas molecule?
A
B
C
D
The diagram shows a sealed jar containing a gas.
Which statement about the gas in the jar is correct?
The gas molecules collide with the inside of the jar more often as the temperature increases.
The gas molecules move more slowly as the temperature increases.
The pressure of the gas decreases as the temperature increases.
The pressure of the gas is higher at the top of the jar than at the bottom of the jar.
A block of ice cream is prevented from melting by wrapping it in newspaper soaked in water. The water evaporates from the newspaper.
Which molecules escape from the water and what happens to the average speed of the water molecules that remain in the newspaper?
A
B
C
D
Brownian motion is observed when looking at smoke particles in air using a microscope.
What causes the smoke particles to move at random?
Smoke particles are moved by convection currents in the air.
Smoke particles are hit by air molecules.
Smoke particles have different weights and fall at different speeds.
Smoke particles hit the walls of the container.
The molecules of a substance become more closely packed and move more quickly.
What is happening to the substance?
A gas is being heated and compressed.
A gas is being heated and is expanding.
A liquid is boiling.
A liquid is evaporating at room temperature.
Gases can be compressed, but liquids cannot.
Which statement explains this difference?
Each molecule in a gas is more compressible than each molecule in a liquid.
Molecules in a gas are further apart than molecules in a liquid.
Molecules in a gas attract each other more strongly than molecules in a liquid.
Molecules in a gas move more slowly than molecules in a liquid.
The diagram shows four beakers A, B, C and D. The beakers contain different amounts of the same liquid at the same temperature. The beakers are left next to each other on a laboratory bench overnight. The diagrams are all drawn to the same scale.
From which beaker does the largest quantity of liquid evaporate?
A
B
C
D
Air in a sealed syringe is slowly compressed by moving the piston. The temperature of the air stays the same.
Which statement about the air is correct?
The pressure of the air decreases because its molecules now travel more slowly.
The pressure of the air decreases because the area of the syringe walls is now smaller.
The pressure of the air increases because its molecules now hit the syringe walls more frequently.
The pressure of the air increases because its molecules now travel more quickly.
When a plunger is compressed the volume of the gas is reduced from 9,9 cc to 3,0 cc. If the pressure beforehand was 150 kPa, what was the pressure of the gas after compression?
45,4 kPa
454 kPa
49,5 kPa
495 kPa
what is Brownian motion?
Brownian motion movement of particles not suspended in a liquid or gas or the mathematical model used to describe such random movements is often called a particle theory.
movement of particles suspended in a liquid or gas or the mathematical that has modeled model used to describe such random movements, often called a particle theory.
Brownian motion movement of particles suspended in a liquid or gas or the mathematical model used to describe such random movements is often called a particle theory.
movement of particles suspended in a liquid or gas or the mathematical model
Pollen grains suspended in water exhibit Brownian motion. How does a particle undergoing Brownian motion move?
In smooth curves
Randomly
Orderly with a pattern
In straight lines with no change of direction
Very small pollen grains are suspended in a beaker of water. A bright light shines from the side. Small, bright dots of light are seen through a microscope. The dots move in rapidly changing, random directions. What are the bright dots?
pollen grains being hit by other pollen grains
pollen grains being hit by water molecules
water molecules being hit by other water molecules
water molecules being hit by pollen grains
A pollen grain in a beaker of still water is viewed through a microscope. Which diagram shows the most likely movement of the pollen grain?
A
B
C
D
Heat is defined as
the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another due to temperature difference
the temperature of a solid, liquid, or gas
The kinetic energy of a solid, liquid, or gas.
The thermometer in the diagram has no scale.
Where must the bulb be placed so that 0 ÆC can be marked on the stem?
in a freezer
in pure boiling water
in pure cold water
in pure melting ice
The diagram shows four markings on a liquid-in-glass thermometer.
A
B
C
D
Which row describes the forces between the molecules and the motion of the molecules in a solid?
A
B
C
D
The relationship between pressure p and volume V of a
gas is given as pV = constant.
Under which conditions for the mass of a gas and for its temperature does the equation hold?
A
B
C
D
When molecules of a gas rebound from a wall of a container, the wall experiences a pressure.
What is the cause of this pressure?
A. the change in energy of the molecules
B. the change in momentum of the molecules
C. the change in power of the molecules
D. the change in speed of the molecules
Diagram 1 shows apparatus being used to observe smoke particles.
Diagram 2 shows how a smoke particle moves randomly.
Why do the smoke particles move randomly?
A. They are hit by air molecules.
B. They are less dense than air.
C. They are moved by convection currents.
D. They gain energy from the light.
Wet clothes are hanging outside to dry.
Which condition decreases the rate of evaporation of the water from the clothes?
A. folded clothes
B. higher temperature
C. wetter clothes
D. windy day
Which statement about the evaporation of a liquid is correct?
A. The least energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid decreases.
B. The least energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid increases.
C. The most energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid decreases.
D. The most energetic molecules escape from the surface and the temperature of the liquid increases.
A crystal of purple potassium manganate(VII) was added to each of the beakers shown in the diagram.
One beaker contained hot water and the other beaker contained cold water. In both beakers the purple colour of the potassium manganate(VII) spreads out. Which result and explanation are correct?
result - colour spreads faster in cold water
explanation - particles move faster at a higher temperature
result - colour spreads faster in cold water
explanation - particles move slower at a higher temperature
result - colour spreads faster in hot water
explanation - particles move faster at a higher temperature
result - colour spreads faster in hot water
explanation - particles move slower at a higher temperature
Which change of state takes place during evaporation?
gas to liquid
liquid to gas
solid to gas
liquid to solid
Two gas jars are set up as shown.
The lid is removed and the gas jars are left to stand. After some time the contents of both gas jars are brown. Which process causes this to happen?
condensation
diffusion
evaporation
filtration
Kuku just made himself a cup of hot tea.
Which row describes the water particles in the air above the cup compared with the water particles in the cup?
A
B
C
D
A bottle of aqueous ammonia is placed on a table in a corner of the laboratory. The stopper is removed and after a few minutes all the students in the room can smell the ammonia. Which process occurs?
Brownian motion
diffusion
dissolving
distillation
Define Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
is the amount of thermal energy required to change one kilograms of the substance from liquid state to gaseous state or vice versa, without a change in temperature
is the amount of thermal energy required to change one kilograms of the substance from solid state to liquid state or vice versa, without a change in temperature
is the amount of thermal energy required to change one kilograms of the substance from liquid state to gaseous state or vice versa by one Kelvin or one degree celcius
is the amount of thermal energy required to change the substance of any of any mass from liquid state to solid state or vice versa, without a change in temperature
What is heat capacity ?
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K or 1°C
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a 1kg mass of substance by 1K or 1°C
The amount of thermal energy required to change a substance from liquid state to gaseous state without a change in temperature
The amount of thermal energy required to change 1kg of the substance from liquid state to gaseous state, without a change in temperature
What is the formula to calculate heat energy required to raise the temperature of any substance?
∆E=mc∆t
∆E=mc
∆E= ½mv
m=∆EC
Latent heat is
the heat absorbed or released at a boiling process during a change of phase
the heat absorbed or released at a constant temperature during a change of phase
the heat absorbed or released at a constant temperature during a change of phase per 1 kg
the heat absorbed or released by an object to increase or decrease its temperature by 1 degree Celsius
What is the formula to calculate specific latent heat of vaporisation?
L = ∆E/m
c = ∆E/(mΔƟ)
∆E = mcΔƟ
∆E = m/L
iron bar How has the heat travelled along the iron bar?
What is the state of matter just before a substance boils? [1 point]
(a)
25 °C in kelvins
298.45 K
248.15 K
298.15 K
Which of the following equations represents the Ideal Gas Law?
Which of the following is a correct description for solids?
closely arranged and in fixed positions
closely arranged and vibrate in fixed positions
closely arranged and can move around
Particles are always moving.
True
False
This diagram represents particles in a ______________ state.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
In which state of matter will there be the LARGEST space between molecules?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
