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u8 lesson 1 an3 - U9 L1

Total questions: 84

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How do plants most commonly break large rocks into smaller pieces?

a)

Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidic compounds.

b)

Plant roots grow into cracks in rocks.

c)

Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks.

d)

Plant protects surrounding rocks from extreme temperatures.

2.

Hillsides are sometimes terraced to grow plants. What is the purpose of using terraces?

a)

to keep roots from spreading

b)

to increase wind erosion

c)

to retain soil and water

d)

to provide protection from animals

3.

Which of the following statements does NOT illustrate the effects of human activity in creating erosion problems?

a)

Building roads can increase erosion due to the change in drainage patterns.

b)

Terracing along a mountainside can lead to erosion

c)

Building on steep slopes can lead to landslides.

d)

soil can be washed away from new construction sites due to clearing trees and brush

4.

Which of the following causes of the Dust Bowl were due to HUMAN IMPACT?

  1. Over-tilling the land
  2. Severe heat and drought for almost a decade
  3. Overgrazing of farm animals
  4. High winds in the area
a)

All answer options

b)

1 and 3

c)

1, 2, and 3

d)

1 and 2

5.

Which soil conservation practice aims to keep nutrients in the soil?

a)

no-tilling farming

b)

crop rotation

c)

contour plowing on hillsides

d)

terracing hillside farms

6.

The rate of soil erosion will be higher in a field of crops planted in rows than in a field covered with grass because

a)

grass grows lower to the ground than most crops

b)

more soil is exposed to wind and water

c)

most crops grow lower to the ground than grass

d)

less soil is exposed to wind and water

7.

Which of the following soil types would contain the most nutrients?

a)

soil that has many large rock particles

b)

soil that allows water to drain very quickly through it

c)

soil with a lot of decomposed organic material

d)

soil with a bedrock that is very close to the surface

8.

The layer in the soil profile that has the most humus is

a)

2

b)

4

c)

1

d)

3

9.

Which statement best describes soil formation?

a)

it occurs primarily through leaching

b)

the "parent rock" helps determine what type of soil forms

c)

It is a completely inorganic process (not from living matter)

d)

it occurs more quickly in dry climates

10.

A scientist is studying geologic formations in deserts. During the study, the scientist draws a diagram of a canyon that has a unique shape.

Which of these BEST explains why the canyon has a unique shape?

a)

The layers of the canyon are composed of different rocks and erode at different rates

b)

The canyon is located in an area next to a river; the bottom layers experience more erosion than the upper layers

c)

All layers of the canyon erode at the same time

d)

The canyon is located in an area that receives heavy rainfall; erosion occurs more quickly due to the constant exposure of water

11.

Which geologic processes have changed the landscape of Georgia the most during the last 10,000 years?

a)

continental drift and plate movement

b)

glacial erosion and deposition

c)

water erosion and deposition

d)

volcanoes and faulting

12.

Which best describes the surface of the earth over billions of years?

a)

High mountains gradually wear down until most of the earth is at sea level

b)

High mountains stay side by side for billions of years with little change

c)

Flat surface is gradually pushed up into higher and higher mountains until the earth is covered with mountains

d)

High mountains gradually wear down as new mountains are continuously being formed, over and over again

13.

The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most likely directly affected by this kind of glacier?

a)

The average height of plants on the mountainside

b)

the average mass of trees near the lake

c)

the shape of clouds that form above the glacier

d)

the shape of the valley between the mountains

14.

Which of the following is the most important factor in erosion (transportation) of soil?

a)

none of the choices

b)

wind

c)

glaciers

d)

water

15.

Which of these processes describes how sand is deposited on beaches?

a)

waves carry sand to the beach and the sun dries the water, leaving sand behind.

b)

Wind and waves grind up rocks under the beach into grains of sand.

c)

Wind carries sand onto beaches from the land and then levels it out.

d)

waves carry sand up the sloping beach, depositing sand as the waves lose speed.

16.

In Spring 2003, a natural rock outcropping in New Hampshire called the Old Man of the Mountain collapsed. Which of the following most likely loosed the rock and caused it to fall?

a)

oxygen reacting with iron on the surface of the rock

b)

heat turning sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock

c)

volcanic activity producing pressure at the rock's base

d)

water freezing and thawing inside cracks in the rock

17.
How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks?  The freezing water—
a)
keeps the rocks in place.
b)
makes the rocks last longer.
c)
expands cracks and breaks rocks.
d)
causes rocks to fall in landslides.
18.
The process that breaks down rocks and other materials on Earth's surface is called
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
19.
A cliff formed near the ocean.  Which statement best describes how this cliff formed?
a)
Warm air melted the rock.
b)
Sun rays evaporated the rock.
c)
Ocean waves washed away rock.
d)
Plant roots pushed away the rock.
20.
What is the process that picks up and moves weathered rocks?
a)
Erosion
b)
Landslide
c)
Weathering
21.
What causes the greatest erosion effect on our beaches?
a)
Waves
b)
Gravity
c)
Glaciers
d)
Wind
22.
Which of these is an example of erosion?
a)
Light shining onto a mountain.
b)
Rain breaking down rocks on a mountain into smaller pieces. 
c)
Wind blowing away sediment to a new place on the mountain.
d)
All of the above.
23.
What is an enormous mass of ice moving over land, causing weathering of rock and soil?
a)
A glacier
b)
An iceberg
c)
An ice wedge
d)
A sand dune
24.
How do plants weather rocks?
a)
Plants don't weather rocks.
b)
When roots grow into cracks of rocks and expand the rock breaks.
c)
When the plant moves water from the roots to the leaves, the rock breaks.
25.
Water getting into cracks, freezing, and breaking the rocks or pavement apart
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
26.
Muddy water being carried away by a fast-moving river
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition 
27.

the process of wearing down by friction - like sand blasting

a)

exfoliation

b)

abrasion

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

28.
_____ is the unsorted material that is deposited directly by ice.
a)
Outwash
b)
Till
c)
Erratic
d)
Esker
29.
_____ are are lines deposited at bottom or along sides of glaciers.
a)
Eskers
b)
Till
c)
Erratics
d)
Moraines
30.
_____ are enormous boulders transported and deposited by glaciers, often far from their source region.
a)
Till
b)
Erratics
c)
Moraines
d)
Fjords
31.
A _____ is a meandering narrow ridge formed when water, flowing in a tunnel underneath a melting glacier, deposited sediment
a)
erratic
b)
moraine
c)
esker
d)
fjords
32.
A _____ are depressions formed as stranded ice blocks melt in outwash.
a)
erratics
b)
eskers
c)
kettles
d)
drumlin
33.

The photograph shows scratched and grooved

bedrock with boulders on its surface. The scratches and grooves were most likely created when

a)

alternating thawing and freezing of water cracked the bedrock

b)

flooding from a nearby lake covered the bedrock

c)

a glacier dragged rocks over the bedrock

d)

rocks from a landslide slid along the bedrock

34.

The photograph shows a valley. Which agent of erosion most likely produced this valley's shape?

a)

blowing wind

b)

ocean waves

c)

moving ice

d)

running water

35.
These rocks were broken apart from the continuous freeze/thaw of water in the cracks of the rocks. This is an example of:
a)
ice wedging
b)
acid rain
c)
permeability
d)
abrasion
36.
The diagrams shows a rock with water trapped in the cracks during the day and at night. 

Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?
a)
frozen water acts as a solute
b)
water expands when it freezes
c)
the mass of water increases when it freezes
d)
frozen water dissolves most types of rock
37.

Earth's crust is made up of plates that rest on the mantle. Which of the following is the best estimate of how many plates make up Earth's crust?

a)

10

b)

100

c)

1,000

d)

10,000

38.

Certain land features form where plates meet. Which land feature forms where two continental plates move toward each other?

a)

glaciers

b)

mountains

c)

oceans

d)

trenches

39.

Once in a while a small area of Earth can shake enough to crumble buildings to the ground.

In which layer of the Earth is an earthquake felt?

a)

the inner core

b)

the outer core

c)

the mantle

d)

the crust

40.

Scientists use a seismograph to measure the strength of an earthquake. Which specific aspect of an earthquake does a seismograph measure?

a)

the depth of the fault

b)

the total energy released

c)

the size of the energy waves

d)

the location of the epicenter

41.

Certain land features form at plate boundaries. Which land feature is likely to form most quickly?

a)

a volcano

b)

a rift valley

c)

a chain of islands

d)

a mountain range

42.

Different types of plate motion produce boundaries that shape different landforms and cause different natural events. Which event will MOST LIKELY occur where two plates move in different directions and slide against each other?

a)

an earthquake

b)

a fault

c)

a flood

d)

a volcano

43.

Largest portion of the Earth's interior. And is the thickest layer of the Earth

a)

Mantel

b)

outer core

c)

inner core

d)

crust

44.

Made of molten metal

a)

Mantel

b)

outer core

c)

inner core

d)

crust

45.

Made of solid iron and nickel

a)

Mantel

b)

outer core

c)

inner core

d)

crust

46.

Thin, rigid rock layer. Is hard and made of many minerals.

a)

Mantel

b)

outer core

c)

inner core

d)

crust

47.

What are plate tectonics?

a)

In the past, there was the idea of a supercontinent.

b)

Is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core.

c)

They move

48.

Is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core.

a)

Pangea

b)

Plate tectonics

c)

Volcanoes

d)

Earthquakes

49.

In the past, there was the idea of a supercontinent. It existed 250 millions of years ago.

a)

Pangea

b)

Plate tectonics

c)

Volcanoes

d)

Earthquakes

50.

The movements of the plate tectonics during millions of years produced:

a)

Pangea

b)

Plate tectonics

c)

Volcanoes

d)

The continents

51.

The Earth crust is made up of:

a)

Nickel

b)

Water

c)

Large tectonic Plates

d)

Volcanoes

52.

An opening in Earth's crust where magma can reach the surface.

a)

Mountains

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Mantle

d)

Volcanoes

53.

Pieces of Earth's crust move in a process called:

(a)  

54.

The point inside Earth where an earthquake begins is called:

(a)  

55.

The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus is called:

(a)  

56.

A break in the crust where rock can slide past other rock

a)

mantle

b)

fault

c)

crust

d)

focus

57.

Shaking ground at moving fault

a)

epicenter

b)

fault

c)

core

d)

earthquake

58.

You can measure earthquakes by using:

(a)  

59.

What's the name of scale that measure earthquakes?

a)

Earthquake Scale

b)

The Richter Scale

c)

The Richard Scale

d)

1 to 10

60.

The Richter Scale was developed on

a)

1935

b)

1945

c)

1550

d)

2000

61.

Uses a mathematical formula to calculate the total energy that an earthquake releases.

a)

Moment Magnitud Scale (MMS)

b)

Richard Scale

c)

Earth scale

62.

Identify the volcano:

a)

Shield

b)

Cinder cone

c)

Composite

63.

Identify the volcano:

a)

Shield

b)

Cinder cone

c)

Composite

64.

Identify the volcano:

a)

Shield

b)

Cinder cone

c)

Composite

65.

The shape of a volcano depends on how that volcano erupts?

a)

True

b)

False

66.

An earthquake magnitude is the amount of energy that it release.

a)

True

b)

False

67.

You can feel earthquakes that measure 2.0 on Richter Scale.

a)

False

b)

True

68.

Earthquakes that measure 6.0 or more on the Richter scale are not destructive.

a)

False

b)

True

69.

Why the Himalaya is growing:

a)

The Himalaya is growing today.

b)

The Indoa-Astralian Plate pushes against the Eurasian Plate, forcing the crust at the edge of the plates to fold a bend.

c)

The Eurasian Plate is forcing the Indo-Australian Plate.

70.
Minerals can be sorted based on their hardness.  The Mohs' scale lists the hardness of specific minerals.  Which statement BEST explains how scientists use the Mohs' scale to help them determine a minerals hardness?
a)
No two minerals have the same hardness.
b)
Minerals with the same hardness are usually the same color.
c)
A mineral can scratch another mineral only if it has a lower hardness.
d)
Minerals will scratch other minerals only if they have the same hardness.
71.
There a several ways that minerals are made.  Which mineral can form when a large pool of seawater slowly evaporates?
a)
apatite
b)
halite
c)
mica
d)
quartz
72.
Nasir wanted to identify a mineral.  He rubbed a corner of the mineral across a white tile and recorded the color of the mark.  What property was Nasir measuring?
a)
cleavage
b)
color
c)
luster
d)
streak
73.
The Mohs' scale lists diamonds as the hardest mineral.  What does this mean?
a)
Diamonds can scratch any other material.
b)
Diamonds weigh more for a given size than any other mineral.
c)
Diamond is the only mineral that does not leave a streak on a tile plate.
d)
Diamond is the only mineral that will not break when hit with a hammer.
74.
Minerals can be identified by their hardness. What is the hardest mineral?
a)
corundum
b)
diamond
c)
quartz
d)
talc
75.

A mineral can scratch another mineral that has a _________ hardness.

a)

Higher

b)

Same

c)

A mineral can not scratch another mineral

d)

Lower

76.

Which of the following is not an identifying property of minerals?

a)

Color

b)

Luster

c)

Cleavage

d)

Weight

e)

Streak

77.

A mineral is a living solid that has a crystal form.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

Which of the following describes how minerals reflect light?

a)

Color

b)

Streak

c)

Luster

d)

Minerals cannot reflect light.

79.

Which of the following can scratch minerals with a 6 or less on the hardness scale?

a)

Fingernail

b)

Nothing can scratch them

c)

Iron nail

d)

Anything can scratch them

e)

Steel nail

80.

All minerals have which of the following?

a)

A streak color

b)

A hardness number

c)

A crystal structure

d)

Cleavage

e)

Color

81.

What is the color a mineral leaves behind when it is scratched on a white tile?

a)

Luster

b)

Streak

c)

Color

d)

Hardness

82.

Which of the following is the hardness mineral

a)

Talc

b)

Apatite

c)

Quartz

d)

Diamond

83.

Which minerals can you scratch with your fingernail?

a)

Only minerals with a 1.

b)

You cannot scratch a mineral with your fingernail

c)

Only minerals with a 2 or less?

d)

All minerals.

84.

What can scratch a diamond?

a)

Nothing can scratch a diamond.

b)

Only another diamond.

c)

Quartz

d)

Corundum.