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Worksheets9189 Phase 1 Scientific Principles PP 5
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 35mins
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic properties of liquids that learners should be able to identify and describe by the end of the session?
Water
Refrigerants
Anti-freeze/glycol mixes
Solubility
By the end of the session, learners in the Level 3 Diploma in Plumbing and Domestic Heating should be able to identify applications for which of the following?
Water
Lubricants and greases
Refrigerants
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a liquid commonly encountered in the plumbing industry?
Water
Refrigerants
Lubricants
Carbon dioxide
What is the most common fluid dealt with in the plumbing industry?
Fuel oils
Glycols and anti-freeze
Water
Lubricants
What proportion of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
One-tenth
Three-tenths
Five-tenths
Seven-tenths
What are the characteristics of water in its purest form?
Colorful, odorous, and tasty
Colorless, odorous, and tasteless
Colorless, odorless, and tasteless
Colorful, odorless, and tasteless
Where does the taste of water typically come from?
The chemicals used to purify it
The minerals that may be dissolved in it
The plastic from the pipes it flows through
The organic matter it comes in contact with
Which industry heavily relies on the use of water?
Automotive industry
Plumbing industry
Electronics industry
Textile industry
What is the chemical symbol for water?
CO2
H2O
O2
H2CO3
How many hydrogen atoms are there in a molecule of water?
1
2
3
4
What is the process by which water is naturally cleaned and recycled in nature called?
Filtration
Evaporation
The water cycle
Condensation
As a plumber, why is it important to understand where water comes from?
To fix leaks
To ensure water cleanliness
To install pipes
To bill customers
What is the more common name for the 'hydrological cycle'?
Water rotation process
Rainwater cycle
Aquatic cycle
Evaporation cycle
According to the text, which of the following is true about water on Earth?
New water is being created over time.
Water from the polar ice caps is not part of the water cycle.
Water has been on Earth since the beginning of time and is constantly moving.
The water cycle is a man-made process.
What does the text imply about the nature of the water cycle?
It is a recent phenomenon.
It is a natural process involving the atmosphere, Earth's surface, the ground, and plants.
It only involves the exchange of water between the atmosphere and the Earth's surface.
It is primarily concerned with the movement of seawater.
What is the source of energy that drives the evaporation process in the rainwater cycle?
Wind
Heat from the sun
Rain and snow
River currents
What happens to water vapor once it rises and cools in the atmosphere?
It forms a water-saturated cloud.
It falls immediately as rain.
It returns to the river.
It evaporates further into space.
In the rainwater cycle, what is the final destination of the river water?
It evaporates into the atmosphere.
It is absorbed by the soil.
It runs back to the sea to restart the process.
It forms clouds directly.
What is the purpose of the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999 in the UK?
To increase the efficiency of water usage in industrial settings
To ensure that plumbing systems prevent contamination, wastage, misuse, undue consumption, and erroneous metering of water
To regulate the price of water supply across the UK
To establish guidelines for the chemical treatment of water
Which of the following is NOT a goal of the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999?
Preventing contamination of water
Preventing wastage of water
Preventing the privatization of water supply
Preventing erroneous metering of water
At what temperature is water at its maximum density?
0°C
4°C
100°C
10°C
What is the term used to describe the behavior of water when it loses density either side of its temperature of maximum density?
Thermal contraction
Anomalous expansion
Heat dissipation
Density fluctuation
In which state(s) can water exist?
Only as a liquid
Only as a solid and a liquid
As a liquid, solid, and gas
Only as a gas
What is the density of water at 100°C?
915kg/m³
958kg/m³
1000kg/m³
1200kg/m³
By what percentage does water expand when heated?
4%
10%
15%
20%
How many times does water expand when it is turned to steam?
160 times
1600 times
16,000 times
160,000 times
What is the boiling point of water at sea level?
69°C
100°C
120°C
150°C
At 1 bar pressure, what is the boiling point of water?
69°C
100°C
120°C
150°C
What is the boiling point of water at the top of Mount Everest?
69°C
100°C
120°C
150°C
At what temperature does water reach its maximum density?
0°C
4°C
100°C
99°C
By how much does water expand when it freezes?
4%
10%
1,600 times
It does not expand
At sea level, what is the boiling point of water?
0°C
4°C
99°C
100°C
How much does steam expand compared to water at boiling point?
4%
10%
1,600 times
It does not expand
Between which temperatures does water expand by 4%?
From 0°C to 4°C
From 4°C to 99°C
From 99°C to 100°C
From 0°C to 100°C
What is water chemically composed of?
Hydrogen and helium
Oxygen and carbon
Hydrogen and oxygen
Nitrogen and oxygen
Why is it very rare to get pure water (H₂O)?
Because it is a weak solvent
Because it is commonly found with other elements
Because it is a very powerful solvent
Because it evaporates quickly
What can water do given enough time?
Freeze
Decompose
Erode and corrode
Expand
What characteristics of water are affected by the water cycle as shown in the image?
Color and taste
Temperature and pressure
Hardness or softness
Acid or alkaline
At what temperature does temporary hard water start to form limescale?
50°C
60°C
65°C
70°C
What is the main compound that causes limescale when temporary hard water is heated?
Sodium chloride
Calcium sulfate
Calcium carbonate
Magnesium carbonate
What is the impact of limescale on appliances?
It improves their efficiency.
It has no effect on their efficiency.
It causes problems and reduces their efficiency.
It only affects the appearance of the appliances.
What is known as the soap destroying factor in water?
Water temperature
Hardness in water
Water softener
Calcium sulphates
How many types of hardness are there in water?
One
Two
Three
Four
What causes temporary hardness in water?
Calcium sulphates
Calcium carbonates
Zeolite material
Base exchange method
At what temperature is the temporary hardness in water released as scale?
50°C
65°C
80°C
100°C
Which method is used to remove permanent hardness from water?
Heating the water
Base exchange method
Filtration
Chemical treatment
What substance is used in the base exchange method to remove permanent hardness?
Calcium carbonates
Calcium sulphates
Zeolite material
Sodium bicarbonate
On the pH scale, which number indicates that water is neutral?
6
7
8
9
What type of water-related issues are associated with a low pH level?
Limescale
Blocking
Acidic corrosion and pitting
Less efficient heating
What is the pH range for acidic water according to the pH scale shown?
1-6
0-7
1-7
0-6
What problems are associated with high pH levels in water?
Acidic corrosion and pitting
Pure water being neutral
Limescale, blocking, less efficient heating
No problems are associated
What is the pH value of neutral water?
Above 7
Below 7
7
N/A
Which type of water is described as 'plumbo-solvent' and can dissolve lead?
Neutral water
Temporary hard water
Permanently hard water
Soft water
What is the main component of temporary hard water that causes limescale?
Magnesium chloride
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Sodium chloride
Calcium sulphate
Why can't permanently hard water be softened by boiling?
It contains sodium chloride which is resistant to heat.
It contains calcium carbonate which does not dissolve.
It contains magnesium and calcium chlorides which do not precipitate upon boiling.
It leads to the formation of CO2 gas which prevents softening.
What is capillary attraction?
The process where water is repelled by small gaps
The process where water is pushed downwards by gravity
The process where water (or any fluid) can be drawn upwards through small gaps, against the action of gravity
The process where water remains static in pipes
How does the width of a gap affect capillary attraction?
The wider the gap, the stronger the capillary attraction
The width of the gap has no effect on capillary attraction
The wider the gap, the less capillary attraction takes place
The width of the gap only affects the speed of capillary attraction
What can capillary attraction cause in plumbing systems?
It can cause electrical short circuits
It can cause water to be drawn up underneath tiles and roof weatherings, resulting in water leaks inside the building
It can improve water pressure in taps
It can prevent water from freezing in pipes
What are the two forces at work when water trap seal loss occurs in above-ground drainage systems?
Magnetic and gravitational attraction
Capillary attraction and siphonic action
Hydraulic and pneumatic pressure
Thermal expansion and contraction
What is the beneficial use of capillary attraction in plumbing?
It is used to clear clogged drains
It is used to measure water pressure
It is used to make soldered capillary joints on copper tubes and fittings
It is used to detect leaks in pipes
Which two processes need to be present for capillary attraction to take place?
Adhesion and diffusion
Cohesion and osmosis
Adhesion and cohesion
Evaporation and condensation
What is the reason water molecules 'stick' together according to the text?
Because of adhesion
Because of capillary action
Because of cohesion
Because of surface tension
What is known as the surface tension in water?
What does the image in the document represent?
The process of evaporation
The process of osmosis
The process of capillary attraction
The process of water cycle
