Refer to the subject and direct the action of the verb back to the subject

Emphasize a noun or another pronoun and give additional information about it

Important words, not only in the predicate part but the whole sentence

also known as copulas or copular verbs

Show relationship between the subject and the words following the verb

Tells us about the subject or what the subject does

Also known as helping verbs

Used to assist main verbs in sentences

used to express necessity, obligation, permission, or possibility

Verb followed by a preposition or an adverb

pertains to the way a verb functions relative to the subject of the sentence whether the subject performs or receives the action

Subject performs the action of the verb

Subject receives the action of the verb

word that resembles a verb but function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb

verbal used as a noun, formed by adding -ing to the base form of the verb

Verbal used as an adjective

verbal used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Formed by combining to + base form of the verb

It takes one or two forms depending on the subject, these are things that happen repeatedly or habitually

Expresses an action that was started in the past

This expresses an action that will occur in the future. It is formed by using will/shall with base form of the verb

Tense of the verb that expresses an action or an activity that is happening now

Tense of the verb that is used to talk about an action that was happening before another action began

Indicates a continuing action that will be happening at some point in the future. Formed by adding will be plus the -ing verb

Formed with the helping verbs has/have and the past participle of the verb

Formed with the helping verb had and the past participle of a verb

Tells us the attributes of nouns and pronouns

Derived from proper nouns. They are always capitalized

Specify or limit the nouns. They are articles, numerals, and pronominals

Pronouns used as adjectives

Added at the end of a word

a fixed expression whose meaning is not literal or obvious

What is the meaning of “a dog in a manger?”

This refers to a person's livelihood or main source of income, typically as earned by routine work.

This is learning how a particular task or jobs is done.

Identifying the specific items/small ideas that support the main idea in a reading selection

These specific items answer the WH questions

Trace the history of a place or people

predicting outcomes, determining possible reactions of characters, or guessing logical end of the story being read

Not mere guessing

Analogy is a form of drawing conclusions

Written composition that summarizes a book or an article read. Usually follows a format set by a teacher for individual assignment

Requires summarizing a lot of information

This is usually published in newspapers and magazines. It is telling someone about what you think of a book. It can be more engaging when they give information about the author of the book.

Series of events that happen in the story

When and where the story takes place

The people, animals, and imaginary creatures that play roles in the story

A form of communication that uses words or expressions for something other than their literal meaning

. This is used to express an ideas or a feeling in a concrete way by comparing on thing with another that is familiar to the reader or the listener, so that it would look or become real to him.

uses a direct or indirect reference to someone or something in history, religion, or literature

Direct comparison of two different things by using the words like or as

Also compares different things, but the comparison is implied rather than expressed

giving human qualities to animals, plants, objects, or idea

talking to animals, plants, objects, ideas, or dead persons as if they are human beings, alive or present during the utterance

Use of exaggeration

Use of understatement, the opposite of Hyperbole

Use of substitution by using a word in place of another

Using a part to represent the whole or the whole to represent the part

Can be recited or sung

This is creating parallel grammatical structures to two things that are opposed to each other.

 This is written in lines and stanzas.

It uses rhyme and rhythm, and often includes figure of speech.

This refers to the words at the end of lines that have the same ending sound.

The words that are made up of identical or nearly similar parts. They are written in various ways: hyphenated, single words, or two separate words. They refer to repetitious sounds or movements.

This is a type of speech that allows the speaker to identify himself/ herself with the character in a narrative, prose, or poetry.

This is today’s term for a fast chant, a monotonous or singsong information in speech. The rapper recites a piece by following a fast 1-2/1-2 beat and repeats lines and events.

These are two or more words joined to form a new word with an entirely different meaning.

This is the central thought or meaning of a passage- what the paragraph is all about.

They provide specific facts, examples, or reasons that support or explain the main idea.

Doctor who specializes on mental and emotional disturbances.

Doctor who gives thorough physical exam.

Doctor who specializes on aging problems.

A scientist who studies different languages

Dissection and examination of a corpse to determine the cause of death

An inscription on a grave or tomb in memory of a dead person

Someone who can speak or write several languages.

This is to scatter about.

The opposite side of a personality.

To kneel on one knee to show respect.

An ungrateful person.

Substance or thing that is illegally imported.

Barrier; interference

Road or path, often lined with trees.

ornamental stand for holding fruit or flowers.

The front of a building.

Human beings either eat meat or plants

Thermal energy is ___ energy

I am having problems with my eye. I need to see an _____

During the assembly, the ambitious man made sure he ___ with the rich and famous

Doctor who specializes on the bone and blood vessels

As alexandra wants to get her work done, she has no time to ____

The crowd never realized the ____ that they were actually being deceived