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Cladograms and Evidence of Evolution

Total questions: 88

Worksheet time: 2hrs 22mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the human most closely related to?

a)

Fish

b)

mouse

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

2.

Where is the alligator and T. rex's common ancestor?

a)

Point A

b)

Point B

c)

Point C

d)

Point D

3.

What is the human most closely related to?

a)

Fish

b)

mouse

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

4.

Where is the alligator and T. rex's common ancestor?

a)

Point A

b)

Point B

c)

Point C

d)

Point D

5.
All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -
a)
Fur
b)
Claws or nails
c)
Lungs
d)
Jaws
6.
According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to -
a)
Amphibians
b)
Rodents and rabbits
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
7.

What is the purpose of a cladogram?

a)

To map the ancestral relationships and shared traits of different organisms.

b)

To trace the inherited traits of a single species over time.

c)

To check the likelihood of an offspring having a particular trait.

d)

To monitor mutations that arise among different populations.

8.

What do both the squirrel and lion have in common that the other animals do not?

a)

They are both vertebrates

b)

They both have lungs

c)

They are both mammals

d)

They both lose their canine teeth.

9.

What do amphibians, birds, prosimians and humans all have in common? Check all that apply.

a)

Hair

b)

Endothermic

c)

Eukaryotic

d)

Tetrapod

e)

Vertebrate

10.

Which letter represents the most recent common ancestor of sponges and mushrooms?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

11.

Which trait should go where A is on the cladogram?

a)

eyes

b)

feet

c)

lips

d)

hat

12.

Which organism goes in the B position?

a)
b)
c)
d)
13.

According to the diagram, what is the common ancestor of ALL organisms on the phylogenetic tree?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

D

d)

E

14.

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

15.

Using the cladogram, which two organisms are more closely related Lizards and Newts OR Lamreys and Sharks

a)

Newts and Lizards

b)

Lampreys and Sharks

16.

Which trait(s) do conifers have?

a)

vascular tissue only

b)

vascular tissue and seeds

c)

vascular tissue, seeds and flowers

d)

seeds only

17.

How has technology helped us in understanding evolutionary relationships?

a)

We can travel back in time to observe different organisms in their habitats.

b)

We clone different organisms using DNA from fossils so we can bring them back and observe.

c)

We can now compare the DNA of different organisms to help determine the relationships between them.

d)

We can follow different organisms on Twitter to look for similar traits and characteristics.

18.

How can a cladogram be used to show how closely related two organisms are?

a)

The further apart two organisms are on a cladogram the more they have in common.

b)

If two organisms are next to each other on a cladogram then they must be the same species.

c)

All organisms share a common ancestor.

d)

You can use a cladogram to see how many traits two organisms have in common. The more in common, the more closely related they are.

19.

Which of the following pictures is an example of a cladogram?

a)
b)
c)
d)
20.

According to the tree, who is the closest relative to the human?

a)

Yeast

b)

Pine

c)

Giardia

d)

Fern

21.

Based on the cladogram, what trait was last developed?

a)

Opposable thumbs

b)

lungs

c)

claws / nails

d)

fur / mammory glands

22.

Which organisms lack tissues?

a)

Roundworms

b)

Flatworms

c)

Cnidarians

d)

Sponges

23.

What is the closest relative of humans shown in this diagram?

a)

horse

b)

turtle

c)

monkey

d)

dog

24.

According to this diagram, is the pig more closely related to the dog or kangaroo?

(a)  

25.

What organism on this diagram would have DNA most similar to the penguin?

(a)  

26.

Are humans related to tuna?

a)

yes

b)

no

27.

Which species are extinct? (Check all that apply.)

a)

A

b)

D

c)

E

d)

H

e)

J

28.

Which species is a common ancestor for species B and D?

a)

C

b)

F

c)

G

d)

H

e)

K

29.

Which two living organisms are most closely related?

a)

A and B

b)

B and C

c)

C and D

d)

B and D

e)

A and D

30.

Which species are extinct? (Check all that apply)

a)

Asian elephant

b)

Mammoth

c)

Mastadon

d)

Stellar's sea cow

e)

Dugong

31.

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

a)

Frog

b)

Hare

c)

Caiman

d)

Parrot

32.

According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to....

a)

Amphibians

b)

Rodents & rabbits

c)

Crocodiles

d)

Birds

33.

Kangaroos and opossums both carry their immature offspring in pouches. This is evidence of

a)

a common ancestor

b)

living in the same habitat

c)

similar skeletal structures

d)

analogous structures

34.

The system of classification for organisms is called -

a)

taxonomy

b)

evolution

c)

terraformy

d)

cladogram

35.
An illustration and a dichotomous key are given. What is the correct classification for this organism?
a)
Class Insecta
b)
Order Amblygygi
c)
Order Araneae
d)
Order Scorpiones
36.
Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
37.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
38.

According to the cladogram, which of the following is NOT a derived characteristic?

a)

light bones

b)

Allosaurus

c)

down feathers

d)

3-toed foot; wishbone

39.

According to this phylogenetic tree, which creature is the least related out of all pictured?

a)

Fish

b)

Frog

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

40.

Which two groups of organisms have the MOST genetic DIFFERENCES?

a)

rotifers and nematodes

b)

mollusks and annelids

c)

mollusks and arthropods

d)

echinoderms and chordates

41.

The diagram shows a cladogram of six species based on amino acid similarities. Which two species are MOST CLOSELY related.

a)

I and II

b)

II and IV

c)

I and V

d)

V and VI

42.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
43.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
44.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
45.
How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
a)
Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
b)
Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
c)
Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
d)
Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
46.
The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms.

Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram
a)
The organisms share a common ancestry.
b)
The organisms belong to the same genus.
c)
The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.
d)
The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.
47.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
48.

Vestigial structures

a)

structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin

b)

remnants of once-important structures that have slowly lost all or most of their function

c)

features found in different organisms that share structural similarities but may have very different functions

d)

preserved remains of an organism

49.
Which layer is the youngest
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
50.
The changes of species over time
a)
Embryonic 
b)
Natural selection 
c)
Mimicry 
d)
Evolution 
51.

The picture shows a/an ___________

a)

homologous structure

b)

vestigial structure

52.

What is this an example of?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial organs

d)

Functional adaption

53.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
54.
How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
a)
Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
b)
Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
c)
Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
d)
Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
55.
The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms.

Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram
a)
The organisms share a common ancestry.
b)
The organisms belong to the same genus.
c)
The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.
d)
The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.
56.

What best describes the hind leg bones seen in the whale?

a)

The bones are analogous structures to the fins of living fish.

b)

The bones are vestigial structures that had a function in an ancestor.

c)

The bones are homologous structures to the wings of butterflies.

d)

The bones are fossil structures from an extinct ancestor.

57.
Which layer is the youngest
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
58.
If two organisms have similar traits of DNA they are probably
a)
share a common ancestor
b)
share a common environment
c)
share a common population
d)
speciation
59.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
60.
What is this an example of?
a)
vestigial structures
b)
embryology
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil record
61.
Predict which moth would increase in population
a)
light 
b)
dark
62.
Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________
a)
increase in number
b)
become extinct
63.
Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale? 
a)
Hippopotamus 
b)
Baleen Whale
c)
Grazing Mammals
d)
Camels
64.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
65.
The study of the early stages of development that is one evidence of evolution is:
a)
Homologous Structures
b)
Embryology
c)
Vestigial Organs
66.
The opossum and kangaroo both incubate their young in a pouch. This provides evidence that they---
a)
are descended from a common ancestor
b)
Have very similar skeletal structures
c)
belong to the same species
d)
must range great distances to eat
67.
The similarities of the bones in the diagram provide evidence that---
a)
The organisms shown lived in the same natural envionrment
b)
The organisms shown may have developed from a common ancestor
c)
The organisms shown have the same genetic diseases
d)
All vertebrate species have identical forelimbs
68.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
69.

The fossil record help scientists

a)

better understand the kinds of organisms that lived in the past

b)

better understand how the environment has changed over time

c)

better understand how organisms have evolved over time

d)

all of the above

70.

What is common ancestry?

a)

When a species no longer exists

b)

When organisms are descended from a single ancestor

71.

The forelimbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats are similar in structure due to having a common ancestor hundreds of millions of years ago. Is this considered homolgy or analogy?

a)

Homology

b)

Analogy

72.

Which of the following are homologous structures?

a)

whale flipper and bat wing

b)

legs on a beetle and legs on a cat

73.

The cave fish and minnow are related to each other but the cave fish is blind and only has the remnants of an eye. What type of structure is this?

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

74.

What is an example of a vestigial structure in a human?

a)

liver

b)

appendix

75.

_______________, or selective breeding, is one way that humans impact evolution. One example is how the Belgian Blue cow has been bred to have greater muscle mass.

a)

Artificial selection

b)

Homologous

76.

What can the arm bones of humans and bats show us? That they...

a)

.. shared an ancestor whom had that arm structure

b)

... will eventually evolve into similar creatures

c)

... share a gene pool

77.

Scientists are studying a particular protein found in blood cells. Based on this, which animals are most closely related?

Dog: ARG - LYS - HIS - TYR

Rabbit: ARG - LYS - TYR - TYR

Elk: ARG - PRO - TYR - ARG

a)

Dog & Rabbit

b)

Rabbit & Elk

c)

Dog & Elk

78.
Which layer is the oldest
a)
B
b)
A
c)
E
d)
C
79.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
80.

The fossils found closer to the surface of the ground are generally -


(a)  
Choose from the below words
Younger & more complex
Older & simpler
Younger & simpler
Older & more complex
81.

A bat wing and a butterfly wing are both used for flying but they are made differently. What type of structure is this?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

Fossil structure

82.

A human arm and a whale fin have similar bone structure but the whale fin is used for swimming and the arm is used for reaching and grabbing. What type of structures are these?

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

Fossil structures

83.

When comparing the DNA of two different organisms, the more differences in the DNA base pairs the more-

a)

Closely related they are.

b)

Distantly related they are.

c)

It doesn't prove anything.

d)

They look alike.

84.

The moth wing and the bat wing are example of structures.


(a)  
Choose from the below words
Analogous
Homologous
Vestigial
Fossil
85.

Which of the pictures above would be examples of homologous structures? (pick 2)

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

86.

What type of evidence is shown with the diagram above?

a)

Molecular

b)

Anatomical

c)

Embryological

d)

Fossil

87.

The similarities of bone structure in the diagram provide evidence of what?

a)

The organisms probably use there forelimbs for the same thing.

b)

The organisms evolved from a common ancestor.

c)

The organisms have the same DNA.

d)

All vertebrate species have identical forelimbs.

88.

Match the following

a)

Analogous Structure

1.

Same function different structure

b)

Homologous Structure

2.

Same structure different function

c)

Comparative Embryology

3.

Comparing embryological development of different species

d)

Biochemical Evidence

4.

Comparing DNA and amino acid sequences of different species

e)

Vestigial Structures

5.

Structures in the body of an organism that no longer work.

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