SATA: Asthma leads to recurrent episodes of which of the following?

Asthma exacerbations are reversible.

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for increased inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the tracheobronchial system in asthma?

What are the three components of the asthma triad?

Wheezing in the asthma triad typically develops in about how many hours?

Sensitivity to salicylates is found in which of the following?

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) may trigger bronchoconstriction as well as cause aspiration.

Asthma medications may worsen which of the following conditions?

What is the primary response in asthma pathophysiology from exposure to allergens/irritants?

If the airway is not treated or does not resolve in the late-phase response of asthma, what may it lead to?

Structural changes in the bronchial wall during the late-phase response of asthma are known as ________.

Expiration may be prolonged in asthma due to:

Fill in the blank: The inspiration/expiration ratio in asthma may be _______.

Severe asthma attacks always have audible wheezing.

Fill in the blank: An acute asthma attack usually reveals signs of ________ such as restlessness, anxiety, inappropriate behaviour, increased HR and BP.

In acute asthma exacerbations, treatment depends on:

Severity of acute asthma exacerbations are measured with ______.

Which bronchodilator is most commonly used in severe exacerbations of asthma?

IV corticosteroids are administered every ___ hours, then given PO in severe asthma exacerbations.

IV magnesium sulfate is given as a ________ in severe asthma exacerbations.

Asthma Drug Therapy: Which of the following is NOT a function of corticosteroids?

The inhaled form of corticosteroids is used in long-term control of asthma.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush), hoarseness, and a dry cough are local side effects of which form of corticosteroid?

Leukotriene modifiers/inhibitors are indicated for acute asthma attacks.

Anti-IgE therapy prevents IgE from attaching to mast cells, preventing release of ________.

How often is SQ administration of Anti-IgE therapy given for asthma?

Which medication is a B2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator?

Albuterol is effective for relieving acute ________.

What is the onset of action for Albuterol?

Albuterol is used for long-term management of asthma.

DPIs (dry powder inhalers) require less manual ________ than standard inhalers.

Inhalation of drugs is preferable to avoid ________ side effects.

Ephedrine stimulates CNS and cardiovascular system: used in ________ airway attacks.

Fill in the blank: To maintain asthma control, a patient should maintain greater than ___% of personal best PEFR.

Which of the following should be avoided to help prevent asthma exacerbations?

Fluid intake of ___ L every day is recommended for asthma patients.

Fill in the blank: Asthmatic individuals should ________ at bare minimum.

Asthmatic individuals frequently do not perceive changes in their breathing.

Fill in the blank: The Yellow Zone in peak flow monitoring is defined as ________% of personal best and indicates caution, something is triggering asthma.

The Red Zone in peak flow monitoring indicates serious problem and definitive action must be taken with a HCP.

What does COPD stand for?

COPD includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

What percentage of COPD deaths are related to tobacco smoking?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of nicotine?

Fill in the blank: Nicotine stimulates the ______ nervous system.

Which of the following is an effect of cigarette smoking on the respiratory tract?

Fill in the blank: Carbon monoxide exposure leads to decreased ______ carrying capacity.

What is the main pathophysiological change in COPD during forced exhalation?

Airflow obstruction in COPD is due to which three factors?

In COPD, air goes in easily but ______ in the lungs (barrel chest).

What tends to collapse in COPD?

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of COPD?

SATA: COPD is a systemic disease as a result of chronic inflammation and often coexists with what heart conditions?

In COPD, blood vessels thicken and the surface area for diffusion of O2 ________.

Asthma can be either seasonal or perennial.

Lung exposure to ______ air can exacerbate asthma symptoms.

In patients with asthma, respiratory infections can trigger inflammation and ______ of the ______ system.

SATA: Select all of the clinical manifestations of the EARLY phase of an acute asthma attack.

In a severe asthma exacerbation, a PEFR of _____ or less is considered life threatening.

For patients with intermittent or persistent asthma, it is important that they medicate _______ exercise.

The severity of asthma exacerbations are primarily determined by _______.

For patients admitted to the ICU with a life-threatening asthma exacerbation, a ______ line may be established to facilitate frequent monitoring of ABGs.

How should the RN educate an asthma patient on how to reduce oral thrush after inhaler use?

Leukotriene modifiers are used as both a ______ and an ______ , and act as a ______ medication for asthma.

COPD is generally a progressive disease, but is fully reversible with enough effective treatment.

Nicotine ______ platelet aggregation and _____ ciliary activity.

Clinical manifestations of COPD develop _____.

Patients with advanced COPD experience dyspnea, even while not performing physical activities.

A patient with COPD will use their _____ muscles to breathe.

A patient with COPD may be _______, even if they are on a healthy and well-balanced diet.

SATA: Select the possible complications of COPD.

For patients with COPD-induced Cor Pulmonale, ______ are the MOST integral to monitor disease progression.

Central cyanosis is an indicator of a _____ COPD exacerbation.

SATA: Overuse of which of the following medications can trigger COPD-induced respiratory failure?

A diagnosis of COPD would be confirmed by a _____ FEV1/FVC ratio.

To determine the amount of O2 desaturation during exercise, the RN can perform the ______ test with a COPD patient.

What is CO2 narcosis?

Because of CO2 narcosis, the only physiological drive to breathe for some patients with advanced COPD is _____.

Why would patients with COPD use an Acapella device?

Why are many COPD patients malnourished?

What kind of nutritional plan should COPD patients follow?

A bullectomy is a procedure that is used for _____.

SATA: Which comorbidities of COPD patients REQUIRE acute interventions?

Activity recommendations for COPD patients include walking for ______ minutes a day, a minimum of ____ times per week.