REFERS TO A SYSTEM OF CONNECTED PARTS USED TO SUPPORT A LOAD. IMPORTANT EXAMPLES RELATED TO CIVIL ENGINEERING INCLUDE BUILDINGS, BRIDGES, AND TOWERS; AND IN OTHER BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING, SHIP AND AIRCRAFT FRAMES, TANKS, PRESSURE VESSELS, MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, AND ELECTRICAL SUPPORTING STRUCTURES ARE IMPORTANT.

ARE QUANTITIES THAT ARE BEING RESISTED BY A STRUCTURE.

THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING THE ELEMENTS OF A STRUCTURE SUCH AS SIZE OF COLUMNS, SIZE OF BEAMS, THEIR REINFORCEMENTS OR FOUNDATION ELEMENTS BY METHODICAL COMPUTATION.

IS A PROCESS OF DETERMINING WHETHER THE DESIGN MADE CAN RESIST TO ACTUAL LOADS IN OTHER WORDS, STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IS TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE STRUCTURE.

IS A STRUCTURE THAT IS STABILISED BY TENSION RATHER THAN COMPRESSION.

IS A TRUSS WHERE ALL MEMBERS LIE IN A SINGLE PLANE. THIS MEANS THAT ____ CAN ESSENTIALLY BE TREATED AS TWO-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS.

ON THE OTHER HAND, HAVE MEMBERS THAT ARE NOT LIMITED TO A SINGLE PLANE. THIS MEANS THAT ___ NEED TO BE ANALYZED AS A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM.

IS A STRUCTURAL MEMBER IN A REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMED STRUCTURE TO RESIST LATERAL FORCES SUCH AS WIND FORCES

ARE AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF BUILDINGS AND GENERALLY COMPRISE SEVERAL SHAFTS INTENDED TO HOUSE ELEVATORS AND STAIRS

IS THE PROCESS OF CONNECTING BUILDING MATERIALS TOGETHER TO. CREATE A STRUCTURE. STUDS, PLATES, HEADERS, RAFTERS, GIRDERS, FLOORING AND JOINTS ARE ALL TERMS USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENT COMPONENTS IN FRAMING.

IS A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT TO RESIST LATERAL FORCES LIKE WIND, SEISMIC, AND OTHER LOADS THAT CAN CAUSE THE BUILDING TO SWAY OR COLLAPSE

IS A FLAT STRUCTURAL UNIT ACTING LIKE A DEEP, THIN BEAM. THE TERM “DIAPHRAGM” IS USUALLY APPLIED TO ROOFS AND FLOOR

IS THE COMPONENT CONSTRUCTED ABOVE GROUND LEVEL

IS THE COMPONENT CONSTRUCTED ABOVE BELOW LEVEL

IS A STRUCTURE THAT ALTERS THE LOAD PATH OF THE GRAVITY LOADS, SHIFTING THE LINE OF THRUST LATERALLY TO A DIFFERENT VERTICAL ALIGNMENT

IS THE PART OF A BUILDING THAT FIXES IT INTO THE SOIL. THESE STRUCTURES PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR THE MAIN STRUCTURES THAT APPEAR ABOVE THE SOIL LEVEL, MUCH LIKE THE ROOTS OF A TREE SUPPORT THE STEM

STRUCTURAL MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO A TENSILE FORCE ARE OFTEN REFERRED TO AS TIE RODS OR BRACING STRUTS. DUE TO THE NATURE OF THIS LOAD, THESE MEMBERS ARE RATHER SLENDER, AND ARE OFTEN CHOSEN FROM RODS, BARS, ANGLES OR CHANNELS.

ARE USUALLY STRAIGHT HORIZONTAL MEMBERS USED PRIMARILY TO CARRY VERTICAL LOADS. BEAMS ARE USUALLY PRIMARILY DESIGNED TO RESIST BENDING MOMENT; HOWEVER, IF THEY ARE SHORT AND CARRY LARGE LOADS, THE INTERNAL SHEAR FORCE MAY BECOME QUITE LARGE AND THIS MAY GOVERN THEIR DESIGN. BEAM STRENGTH IS LARGER WHERE THE BEAM MOMENT IS LARGER

MEMBERS THAT ARE GENERALLY VERTICAL AND RESIST AXIAL COMPRESSIVE LOADS ARE REFERRED TO AS COLUMNS. OCCASIONALLY, COLUMNS ARE SUBJECTED TO BOTH AN AXIAL LOAD AND A BENDING MOMENT AS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE CALLED BEAM COLUMN.

WHEN THE SPAN OF A STRUCTURE IS REQUIRED TO BE LARGE AND ITS DEPTH IS NOT IMPORTANT CRITERION FOR DESIGN, A TRUSS MAY BE SELECTED.

ARE COMPOSED OF MEMBERS THAT LIE IN THE SAME PLANE AND ARE FREQUENTLY USED FOR A BRIDGE AND ROOF SUPPORT,

HAVE MEMBERS EXTENDING IN THREE DIMENSIONS AND ARE SUITABLE FOR DERRICKS AND TOWERS.

ARE USUALLY FLEXIBLE AND CARRY THEIR LOADS IN TENSION.

ACHIEVES ITS STRENGTH IN COMPRESSION, SINCE IT HAS A REVERSE CURVATURE TO THAT OF THE CABLE.