WorksheetsSocial Influence Quiz
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 35mins
Conformity is defined as:
The act of following laws and regulations.
Yielding to group pressures.
The process of standing out in a group.
The ability to influence others.
According to Kelman, which type of conformity involves a permanent change of beliefs due to informational social influence?
Compliance
Identification
Internalisation
Normative Social Influence
What is identification in the context of conformity?
A long-term change of behavior and beliefs.
A temporary change of behavior and beliefs only in the presence of a group.
Following other people's ideas to gain their approval.
Conforming to avoid legal consequences.
Compliance as a type of conformity is characterized by:
A permanent change of view.
Public agreement but private disagreement.
A temporary change of behavior when alone.
Conforming to avoid legal consequences.
What is an example of normative social influence?
Voting for a candidate after seeing others vote for them.
Acting more professional at work.
Starting to smoke because others in the group do.
Following the direction of a crowd in an emergency.
Informational social influence occurs when:
A person conforms to be liked by a group.
A person is uncertain and looks to others for information.
A person wants to avoid legal consequences.
A person's behavior is temporarily influenced by the presence of others.
What does Lucas et al's study suggest about individuals answering difficult questions in the presence of others?
They are more likely to conform when they have enough information
They are less likely to rely on their own math abilities
They are more likely to conform when they lack information to make their own informed decisions
They are unaffected by the opinions of others
What does Deutsch and Gerrard's 'Two Process Model' suggest about NSI and ISI?
NSI and ISI are mutually exclusive mechanisms
NSI can be reduced through providing alternative sources of information
ISI can be reduced through dissenting confederates
Both B and C are correct
What was the aim of Asch's study on conformity?
To investigate the influence of group size on conformity
To investigate the influence of task difficulty on conformity
To investigate conformity to and majority influence
To investigate the influence of unanimity on conformity
What percentage of participants in Asch's study conformed at least once?
36.8%
25%
75%
1%
In Asch's study, how often did the real participant answer last or second to last?
For all 18 trials
For 12 out of 18 trials
Never
Only in the control trials
What does the control trial in Asch's study eliminate as an extraneous variable?
Group size
Unanimity
Eyegsight/perception
Task difficulty
According to the information provided, what is considered the optimal group size for an individual to be more likely to conform?
2
3
4
More than 4
What happens to the conformity rate when a participant is joined by another participant or a disaffected confederate who gives the correct answer?
It decreases from 32% to 5.5%
It increases from 32% to 90%
It remains the same
It decreases from 32% to 9%
How does task difficulty affect an individual's likelihood to conform?
Conformity decreases as the task becomes more difficult
Conformity increases when the task is difficult and the correct answer is unclear
Conformity is not affected by task difficulty
Conformity increases when the task is easy
What does high internal validity in an experiment suggest?
The findings cannot be generalised to real life.
The observed findings are likely a 'one-off'.
Valid and reliable 'cause and effect' relationships can be established.
The study is subject to gender bias.
What is a strength of lab experiments in terms of controlling variables?
They support normative social influence.
They lack ecological validity.
They allow strict control over extraneous and confounding variables.
They are subject to beta bias.
The ecological validity of Asch's experiment is?
It is high because it reflects real life complexity.
It is low because it was based on people's perception of lines.
It is supported by the period of the 1950s.
It is unaffected by the social context of the experiment.
What is a weakness of Asch's study in regard to population validity?
The study supports normative social influence.
The study was conducted in an anti-Communist period.
The study only included American male undergraduates.
The study's findings were a 'one-off'.
How did the social context of the 1950s potentially affect the study's validity?
It supported the idea of normative social influence.
It made the study subject to gender bias.
It may have influenced people to be more scared to be different due to McCarthyism.
It ensured that the findings could be generalised across all time periods.
How many participants were there in Zimbardo's study on conformity to social roles?
10
24
50
100
What was the aim of Zimbardo's study?
To investigate the psychological effects of becoming a parent
To investigate how readily people would conform to the social roles in a simulated environment
To study the long-term effects of imprisonment
To understand the impact of solitary confinement
What roles were the participants randomly assigned in Zimbardo's study?
Teacher and student
Patient and doctor
Guard and prisoner
Boss and employee
What did the guards in Zimbardo's study use to make eye contact with prisoners impossible?
Masks
Blindfolds
Sunglasses
Helmets
According to the findings of Zimbardo's study, what did the guards become more demanding of over time?
Money
Food
Obedience
Entertainment
What did Zimbardo suggest his study showed about the social roles of guard and prisoner?
The roles were not taken seriously by the participants.
The roles were quickly internalized by the participants.
The roles had no impact on the participants' behavior.
The roles were rejected by the participants.
What is one of the strengths of Zimbardo's research in terms of real life applications?
It has no practical application in modern society.
It led to the change in the way US prisons are run.
It resulted in the reduction of funding for prison systems.
It increased the number of ethical issues in prison studies.
Why is debriefing considered important in the study mentioned in the evaluation?
It helps in exaggerating the differences in social roles.
It ensures participants are aware of the aims and results of the study.
It changes the quality of the study in terms of validity and reliability.
It prevents the study from having any real life applications.
What is the concept of 'agentic state' in the context of obedience?
It is the state in which a person believes they will take responsibility for their own actions.
It is when a person believes that someone else will take responsibility for their actions.
It is the belief that obedience to authority is not related to personal responsibility.
It is the autonomous state where individuals act according to their own free will.
What does 'legitimacy of authority' refer to?
The belief that authority figures are inherently untrustworthy.
The idea that all individuals should challenge authority figures.
The credibility of the authority figure and the likelihood of obedience.
The legal requirement for individuals to always obey authority figures.
According to the text, what did Milgram find when the authority figure wore a lab coat as opposed to normal clothes?
Obedience decreased because the lab coat was less authoritative.
Obedience increased because the lab coat gave a higher status and sense of legitimacy.
There was no significant change in obedience levels.
The participants refused to continue with the experiment.
What was the obedience rate when participants were in the same room as the authority figure in Milgram's study?
25.0%
62.5%
70%
100%
What percentage of participants in Milgram's study believed the shocks were real?
25.0%
50%
70%
100%
Which event is cited as an example of the agentic state and legitimacy of authority theories explaining obedience towards authority figures?
The Stanford Prison Experiment
The My Lai Massacres
The Asch Conformity Experiments
The Zimbardo Prison Study
What was the result when Milgram removed the uniform as a situational variable in his variations of the obedience study?
Obedience levels remained the same.
Obedience levels increased.
Obedience levels decreased.
The experiment was considered invalid.
Who conducted the obedience study using electric shocks?
Zimbardo (1971)
Asch (1951)
Milgram (1963)
Bandura (1961)
What was the aim of Milgram's study?
To observe whether people would obey a figure of authority when told to harm another person
To study the effects of group pressure on individual behavior
To investigate the role of punishment in learning
To examine the impact of prison environment on behavior
What was the maximum voltage that participants in Milgram's study thought they administered?
300V
330V
450V
500V
According to Milgram's study, obedience was higher when the participant and the experimenter were in the same room. What was the percentage of obedience in this condition?
30%
40%
52.5%
62.5%
Which factor did NOT affect obedience according to Milgram's findings?
Proximity
Location
Uniform
Age
What percentage of Milgram's participants indicated that they were glad they were part of the original study?
70%
84%
74%
95%
What did Gina Perry's review of the interview tapes from the original study suggest?
That the participants did not believe the shocks were real.
That 70% of participants raised questions about the legitimacy of the electric shocks.
That the findings from the study were not accurate.
That 100% of the female participants believed the shocks were real.
Which study is mentioned as having replicated Milgram's study for TV and found that 85% of participants were willing to give lethal electric shocks?
The replication by Le Jeu de la Mort.
The study by Gina Perry.
The study by Hofling et al (1966).
The study by Sheridan and King.
What did the natural experiment by Hofling et al (1966) observe, and what was the result?
It observed the behaviour of teachers and found that 95% followed the curriculum strictly.
It observed the behaviour of doctors and nurses and found that 95% of nurses obeyed a doctor over the phone to increase the dosage of a patient's medicine.
It observed the behaviour of students and found that 95% obeyed the school rules.
It observed the behaviour of police officers and found that 95% followed orders without question.
What was the result when Milgram's study was replicated in a run-down office?
Obedience increased to 80%.
Obedience remained the same.
Obedience decreased to 25.5%.
The experiment could not be replicated.
What is a dispositional explanation in the context of obedience according to the text?
External factors that influence a person's likelihood to obey
Personality factors or individual reasons why someone obeys
The influence of authority figures on a person's actions
The role of societal norms in determining obedience
Which scale is a measure for authoritarian personality?
The Obedience Scale
The Likert-style Scale
The F-scale
The Adorno Scale
According to the text, what is a characteristic of individuals with an authoritarian personality?
They have a flexible cognitive style
They challenge stereotypes due to their open-mindedness
They have a 'fixed' cognitive style and do not challenge stereotypes
They are likely to disobey authority figures
What does Adorno's theory suggest about children with authoritarian parents?
They become more tolerant and open-minded
They develop a 'fixed' cognitive style and follow stereotypes
They are less likely to obey authority figures
They have no significant psychological impact from their upbringing
What is one of the methodological issues associated with the F-scale?
It is too complex to be understood by respondents
It is not susceptible to acquiescence bias
It is particularly susceptible to acquiescence bias
It only measures obedience in children
Why does the text suggest that the Authoritarian Personality theory has little ecological validity?
It can explain all cases of obedience in real-life situations
It can only explain obedience in controlled laboratory settings
It cannot explain many real-life examples of mass obedience
It is universally accepted as a comprehensive theory of obedience
What is the locus of control according to Rotter (1966)?
A person's ability to control social influences
A measurement of an individual's sense of control over their lives
The extent to which a person conforms to social norms
The influence of social support on an individual's decisions
Which of the following is an example of a high internal locus of control thought?
I won the award because it was meant to be – it was my destiny
I won the award because I worked hard for it
I won the award because of luck
I won the award because others helped me
People with a high internal locus of control are more likely to be:
Followers
Susceptible to obedience
Leaders
Influenced by fate
According to the research by Atgis (1998), individuals with a high external locus of control are:
Less likely to conform
More easily persuaded and more likely to conform
Less likely to be leaders
More likely to act on behalf of another
What does the research by Oliner and Oliner (1988) suggest about the relationship between locus of control and social responsibility?
There is no direct link between locus of control and social responsibility
People with an internal locus of control are less socially responsible
People with an external locus of control are more socially responsible
People with an internal locus of control may also score higher on measures of social responsibility
According to Rutter, when is the locus of control explanation for behaviour only valid?
In novel situations
When social support is present
In familiar situations
When an individual has no prior experiences
According to Asch's study, what was the effect of having a confederate who did not conform and gave the correct answer on the participants' levels of conformity?
It increased the participants' levels of conformity.
It had no significant effect on the participants' levels of conformity.
It decreased the participants' levels of conformity.
It caused all participants to give incorrect answers.
In Milgram's variation of his study, what was the effect of the presence of two other participants (who were actually confederates) on the level of obedience?
It increased the level of obedience to 100%.
It had no significant effect on the level of obedience.
It reduced the level of obedience to 10%.
It caused the participants to become the authority figures.
What was the main aim of Moscovici's study?
To determine the effect of group size on conformity.
To observe how minorities can influence a majority.
To measure the obedience levels in different colored slide presentations.
To test the consistency of confederates in a controlled environment.
During Moscovici's study, what percentage of participants said the slides were green when the confederates were consistent in their answers?
About 1%
About 8%
About 10%
About 88%
What does Moscovici's study demonstrate about the role of consistency in minority influence?
Consistency has no impact on minority influence.
Inconsistency is crucial for a minority to exert maximum influence.
Consistency is crucial for a minority to exert maximum influence.
Majority influence is not affected by the consistency of the minority.
What is diachronic consistency
When the group changes their views over time.
When the group remains consistent over time and does not change their views.
When the group is consistent between all the members at different times.
When the group has different views but supports each other.
What does synchronic consistency imply?
The group has different views at the same time.
The group has the same views over time but not between members.
All members of the group have the same views and support each other.
The group's views are influenced by external factors.
Why might a minority view be considered more powerful according to Martin et al (2003)?
Because it is always agreed upon by the majority.
Because it is less likely to change the opinion of the audience.
Because it suggests that a minority is more powerful due to the augmentation principle.
Because it is less likely to be seen as reasonable and cooperative.
What is the role of commitment in influencing the majority according to the text?
It shows that the minority is willing to change their views easily.
It demonstrates the minority's lack of confidence in their views.
It indicates the minority's passion and confidence, which may validate their views to the majority.
It proves that the minority's views are not serious or real.
What is a key issue with Moscovici's study on minority influence?
It only focused on large populations.
It relied on artificial tasks and stimuli.
It had too much mundane realism.
It was based on majority influence.
What might help a minority group member to resist compliance and influence the majority?
External support from authority
A large number of people
An internal locus of control
Financial resources
What is the result when a minority begins to successfully influence the majority, according to the text?
The minority opinion is quickly forgotten.
A snowball effect occurs, spreading the new idea.
The majority immediately adopts the new idea.
The minority becomes the new majority.
What does Nemeth (1986) argue about social change?
It is a quick and robust process.
It is a slow process with fragile effects.
It is always driven by minority influence.
It is easily achieved through legal means.
