In the longer run, too. American hotels made other national conventions not only possible but pleasant and convivial. The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups - not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and avocational ones - in turn supported the multiplying hotels.

The word "assembling" in line is closest in meaning to ?

The growing custom of regularly assembling from (15) afar the representatives of all kinds of groups - not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and avocational ones - in turn supported the multiplying hotels.

The word "ones" in line refers to ?

Holding a large stake in the community, they exercised power to make it prosper.

The word "it" in line refers to ?

In the past, as Line today, men, women, and children adorned themselves with beads.

The word "adorned" in line is closest in meaning to ?

Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no longer the genial, deferential "hosts" of the eighteenth-century European inn, became leading citizens. Holding a large stake in the community, they exercised power to make it prosper

The word "they" in line refers to ?

The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research.

The word "contribute" in line closest in meaning to ?

American hotels made other national conventions not only possible but pleasant and convivial.

The word "convivial" in line is closest in meaning to ?

Besides their wearability, either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of attire, (10) beads possess the desirable characteristics of every collectable.

The word "attire" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context, economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to unravel.

The word "unravel" in line 16 is closest in meaning to ?

Even the most mundane beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences.

The word "mundane" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

The crossed mandibles enable the bird to exert a powerful biting force at the bill tips, which is critical for maneuvering them between the scales and spreading the scales apart.

The word "which" in line 12 refers to

Next, the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the gap and draws out the seed.

The word "gap" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed, and the intimate relationship they had with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most common items found in ancient archaeological sites.

The word "ornaments" in line is closest in meaning to ?

Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them.

The word "compel" in line is closest in meaning to ?

In the world of birds, bill design is a prime example of evolutionary fine-tuning.

The word "prime" in line refers to ?

Using the combined action of the bill and tongue, the bird cracks open and discards the woody seed covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel.

The word "discards" in line 15 is closest in meaning to?

The bills of different crossbill species and subspecies vary - some are stout and deep, others more slender and shallow.

The word "others" in line 18 refers to

As a rule, large-billed crossbills are better at seeming seeds from large cones, while small-billed crossbills are more deft at removing the seeds from small, thin-scaled cones

The word "deft" in line 19 is closest in meaning to?

This bird has a large, robust bill, yet most of Newfoundland's conifers have small cones, the same kind of cones that the slender-billed white-wings rely on

The word "robust" in line 24 is closest in meaning to?

It was she, a Line Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies

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When he proceeded to get into trouble with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who were left to run the shop.

The word "who" in line refers to?

She was also the city's postmaster from 1775 to 1789 - appointed by Benjamin Franklin - and is considered to be the first woman to hold a federal position.

The word "federal" in line refers to?

When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia in 1776, it commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first official version of the Declaration of Independence in January 1777.

The word "fled" in line refers to

The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or

spheroidal shape with no obvious structure.

The word "symmetrical" is closest in meaning to

The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or

spheroidal shape with no obvious structure.

The word "symmetrical" is closest in meaning to

After starting Baltimore's first newspaper, The

Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a colonial postal service. While he was in

debtor's prison. Mary Katherine Goddard's name appeared on

the newspaper's masthead for the first time.

When the Continental Congress fled THERE from Philadelphia in 1776, it commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first official version of the Declaration of

Independence in January 1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the post

riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the colonies.

The word "there" refers to

She was also the city's postmaster from 1775 to 1789 - appointed by

Benjamin Franklin - and is considered to be the first woman to hold a federal position.

The word "position" is closest in meaning to

About one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape. Spiral galaxies are

well supplied with the interstellar gas in which new stars form: as the rotating spiral

pattern sweeps around the galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation

of bright young stars and in its arms.

The word "which" refers to

(A) dust (B) gas (C) pattern (D) galaxy

. The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or spheroidal shape with no obvious structure.

The word "obvious" in line 10 is closest in meaning to

. The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or spheroidal shape with no obvious structure.

The word "obvious" in line 10 is closest in meaning to

By comparison with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the distance that light travels in one year.

The word "they" in line 21 refers to

By comparison with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the distance that light travels in one year.

The word "they" in line 21 refers to

The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated the animal world.

The word "dominated" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeders

The word "they" in line 5 refers to

This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeders

The word "they" in line 5 refers to

This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeders.

The word "supplements" in line 6 is closest in meaning

This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeders.

The word "supplements" in line 6 is closest in meaning

Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870's and 1880's and into the 1890's, although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been laid.

The word "crisscross" is closest in meaning to

The primary reason was skepticism that a railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and semiarid plain could pay a profit.

The word "skepticism" is closest in meaning to

Colonial coppersmithing also came of age in the early eighteenth century and prospered in northern cities.
The phrase "came of age" is closest in meaning to:

In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the chair of the congressional committee bluntly stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising a venture.

The word "subsidy" is closest in meaning to

At that point the trains turned their freight, mail, and passengers over to Line steamboats, wagons, and stagecoaches.

The word " freight" is closest in meaning to

In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the chair of the congressional committee bluntly stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising a venture.

The word "venture" is closest in meaning to

However, the concept of number and the counting process developed so long before the time of recorded history (there is Line archaeological evidence that counting was employed by humans as far back as 50,000 years ago) that the manner of this development is largely conjectural.

The word "conjectural" is closest in meaning to

With the gradual evolution of society, simple counting became imperative. A tribe had to know how many members it had and how many enemies, and shepherd needed to know if the flock of sheep was decreasing in size.

The word "it" refers to

With the gradual evolution of society, simple counting became imperative.

The word "imperative" is closest in meaning to

With the gradual evolution of society, simple counting became imperative.

The word "imperative" is closest in meaning to

Silversmiths complied with these requests by melting the money in a small furnace, adding a bit of copper to form a stronger alloy, and casting the alloy in rectangular blocks. They hammered these ingots to the appropriate thickness by hand, shaped them, and pressed designs into them for adornment.

The word "ingots" refers to:

Colonial coppersmithing also came of age in the early eighteenth century and prospered in northern cities.
The phrase "came of age" is closest in meaning to:

Fossils are the remains and traces (such as footprints or other marks) of ancient plant and animal life that are more than 10,000 years old.
The word "traces" is closest in meaning to:

Caves have preserved the bones of many animals that died in them and were subsequently buried under a blanket of clay or a cover of dripstone. Predatory animals and early humans alike sought shelter in caves and brought food to them to the eater, leaving bones that paleontologists have discovered.
The word "them" refers to:

The frigid ground in the far north acts as a remarkable preservative for animal fossils. The woolly mammoth, along-haired rhinoceros, and other mammals have been periodically exposed in the tundra of Siberia, the hair and red flesh still frozen in cold storage.
The word "exposed" is closest in meaning to:

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change.
The word "adversely" is closest in meaning to:

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle.
The word "altered" is closest in meaning to:

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.
The word "noxious" is closest in meaning to:

Probably the earliest way of keeping a count was by some simple tally method, employing the principle of one-to-one correspondence.

The word "employing" is closest in meaning to:

In keeping a count of sheep, for example, one finger per sheep could be turned under. Counts could also be maintained by making scratches in the dirt or on a stone, by cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying knots in a string.

The word "maintained" is closest in meaning to:

Then, perhaps later, an assortment of vocal sounds was developed as a word tally against the number of objects in a small group.

The word "assortment" is closest in meaning to:

. Only a few silversmiths were available in New York or Boston in the late seventeenth century, but in the Line eighteenth century they could be found in all major colonial cities. No other colonial (5) artisans rivaled the silversmiths' prestige. They handled the most expensive materials and possessed direct connections to prosperous colonies merchants.

The word "They" refers to:

They handled the most expensive materials and possessed direct connections to prosperous colonies merchants. Their products, primarily silver plates and bowls, reflected their exalted status and testified to their customers' prominence.

The word "exalted" is closest in meaning to:

The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at (25) 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level.

The word "detectable" is closest in meaning to:

When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today

The word "limited" is closest in meaning to:

And still later, with the refinement of writing, a set of signs was devised to stand for these numbers. Such an imagined development is supported by reports of anthropologists in their studies of present-day societies that are thought to be similar to those of early humans.

The word "development" is closest in meaning to: