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Evolution Unit Review

Total questions: 43

Worksheet time: 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

a)

Dog's tail

b)

Bird's beak

c)

Human appendix

d)

Fish gills

2.

Convergent evolution leads to the development of similar structures in unrelated organisms.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

Why do scientists study embryos as they search for evidence of evolution?

a)

Embryonic development can provide insights into the evolutionary relationships between two different species

b)

Scientists can identify similarities and differences in their development that can show shared ancestry

c)

Studying embryos allows scientists to trace changes that have occurred within a species

d)

All the above

4.

What does the term "analogous structures" refer to?

a)

Structures that are essential for survival

b)

Structures that are exactly the same in every organism

c)

Structures that are remnants of ancient organisms

d)

Structures that serve the same function but have different evolutionary origins

5.

In natural selection, how does the environment contribute to the survival and reproduction of organisms?

a)

By selecting for traits that are well-suited to the environment

b)

By promoting traits randomly

c)

By causing equal pressure on all traits in a population

d)

By favoring individuals with any genetic mutations

6.

Which of the following best describes how natural selection contributes to the process of evolution?

a)

Natural selection directly causes genetic mutations in organisms

b)

Natural selection acts as a random force, leading to unpredictable changes in species

c)

Natural selection favors traits that enhance survival and reproduction

d)

Natural selection accelerates the rate of reproduction in a population

7.

What is speciation?

a)

The process when new species arise from existing ones

b)

Natural selection

c)

Makes a species more vulnerable

d)

Causes equal pressure on all traits in a population

8.

In the concept of "survival of the fittest," what does "fittest" mean?

a)

The species works out everyday

b)

the ability of an organism to adapt and thrive within its environment

c)

when a new species arise from existing ones

d)

a species that goes to the gym twice a week

9.

What role does genetic diversity play in a species' resilience to diseases and parasites?

a)

It has no impact on a species' susceptibility to diseases

b)

It reduces the ability of a species to resist disease

c)

It allows for variations in immune responses, contributing to resistance

d)

It makes a species more vulnerable to parasitic attacks

10.

What is a fossil?

a)

A type of rock formation

b)

A term used for ancient artifacts made by humans

c)

A rare mineral found in caves

d)

The preserved remains of living organisms from the past

11.

Fossils can only be found in sedimentary rock that are only found in remote, uninhabited areas, away from human activity.

a)

True

b)

False

12.

Where can fossils be found?

a)

Fossils can be found in all types of rocks

b)

Fossils can be found in diverse environments worldwide

c)

Fossils can be found during human activity, such as, excavation, mining or construction projects

d)

All the above

13.

How do fossils provide for evolution? (two correct answers)

a)

By showing the gradual changes in organisms over time

b)

By demonstrating that all organisms have remained unchanged since their creation

c)

By revealing the existence of now-extinct species

d)

By providing direct observations of evolutionary processes

14.
Which of the following would represent a sudden environmental change?
a)
Wildfire
b)
Global Warming
c)
Competition for food
d)
Desert encroachment 
15.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Steven Hawking
d)
Isaac Newton
16.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
17.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
18.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
19.
Mutations are a change in what?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype
20.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
21.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
22.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
23.
A fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil shows similarities to that of a bird. What could this mean?
a)
This is purely by chance and isn't significant
b)
The extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestor
c)
All dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive today
d)
Dinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predation and capture food
24.
Which of the following organisms the kingdom animalia are not closely related?
a)
mouse and hagfish
b)
mouse and lizard
c)
mouse and pigeon
d)
mouse and chimp
25.
Which of the following are examples of evidence for evolution?
a)
Fossils and Cellular Structure
b)
Biological Structures 
c)
Genetics/DNA
d)
All of the Above
26.

Differences in traits are called:

a)

natural selection

b)

genetic variations

c)

artificial selection

d)

adaptations

27.

Vocab check:

The theory that organisms have slowly changed over time...

a)

fossil record

b)

relative dating

c)

evolution

d)

adaptation

28.

Organisms D and C clearly lived in an aquatic (water) environment. Organism A does not look like it lived in the water. What is the most likely explanation for this?

a)

The fossil in layer A died on land and was carried to the water

b)

The fossils in layer C and D did not live in the same location as the fossil in layer A

c)

The environment changed over a long period of time. It used to be under water, but is not anymore

29.

In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

30.

If you know the age of a fossil, you know the relative age of the ________________ it was found inside.

a)

sticky tar

b)

rock

c)

amber

d)

ice

31.

If you know the age of a rock, you know the relative age of the _________________ that was found inside.

a)

sticky tar

b)

fossil

c)

amber

d)

ice

32.

Which of the following would be an example of absolute age?

a)

Fossil A is older than Fossil B

b)

Fossil A and Fossil B are the same age

c)

Fossil A is 10 million years old

33.
Which layer formed first?
a)
Rock Layer W
b)
Rock Layer X
c)
Rock Layer Y
d)
Rock Layer Z
34.

What are the oldest fossils and why?

a)

B, C- because they are closest to the top

b)

A, B- because they are closest to the bottom

c)

They are all the same age- because they are all found on layer 2

d)

A, B- because they are found closest to the top

35.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
36.

Which of the following can be learned by using the fossil record?

a)

When organisms changed or evolved

b)

when organisms appeared on Earth

c)

when organisms became extinct

d)

All the above

37.

If scientists found this fossil in a desert, what could they infer?

a)

what fish are like today

b)

that this fish lacked oxygen

c)

that water once covered the area where this fossil was found

38.
How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
a)
Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
b)
Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
c)
Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
d)
Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
39.

When did fossil A become extinct?

a)

Layer 1

b)

Layer 2

c)

Layer 3

d)

Layer 4

40.
To be considered an index fossil, it had to have lived for a relatively short period of time.
a)
True
b)
False
41.
Which rock layer most likely contains fossils of the most recently evolved organisms?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
42.

What is the best reason that fossil #4 is NOT a good index fossil?

a)

It is not widespread

b)

it is not short-lived (in numerous layers)

c)

It is in half of the outcrops

43.
Index fossils CAN tell us the age of a rock layer.
a)
True
b)
False

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