WorksheetsUnit 4-Weathering and Erosion Study Guide
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 33mins
Review the image of the stump below. The action of a tree stump splitting bedrock depicts what type of process?
chemical weathering
physical weathering
deposition
erosion
During a field trip to a Kansas state park, Meg observes a rock in the shape of a mushroom, as shown. What is the most likely reason for the shape of the rock?
animals eroding the rock
wind weathering the rock
acid rain dissolving the hard parts of the rock
growth of small plants in the cracks of the rock
The picture shows rocks that fell from the Palisades near New York City on May 12, 2012. The picture is most likely an example of erosion by
ice
wind
animals
gravity
Janice and James are studying a rock formation near their school. They are specifically looking for the processes of physical weathering. When examining the rock and the environment for physical weathering, what types of things should they look for?
the formation of clay minerals, leaching, and animal activity in the area
the presence of lichens, various types of crystals, and fossils
the formation of salt crystals, fractures in the rock, and seasonal temperature fluctuations
the presence of different minerals on the surface, various colors, and plant roots
Look at the image below. Which of the following has most likely happened?
The plant has dissolved the rock.
The plant has eroded the rock.
The plant has eaten away the rock.
The plant has weathered the rock.
Ryder has been visiting his favorite park for ten years. Recently, he noticed that the large boulder in the center of the park has gotten smaller and smoother in some places. Why has the boulder changed?
The heat of the Sun evaporated out the water, causing the boulder to shrink.
Wind and water have weathered the boulder, wearing away at its surface.
The weight of the boulder has caused its rock particles to compress.
The rock particles in the boulder have cemented into thinner layers.
The picture shows a crack through a mountain where many small pieces have fallen into the hole. What most likely caused this to happen?
sandstorms hitting the side of the mountain
mountain goats walking on the side of the mountain
rainwater running down the side of the mountain
lava flowing down the side of the mountain
Which of the following conditions can slow the rate of chemical weathering?
heavy pollution
high rainfall
thick soils
cold temperature
Laura wants to develop a model that shows how natural processes can suddenly change the Earth's surface. Which of the following could she show in her model?
erosion of a sandy beach by storms
formation of a canyon by a river
carving of a valley by a glacier
weathering of rocks by wind
A student wants to create pictures that show what could happen when ice forms inside a small crack in a rock. Which three things should the student show happening to the rock in his pictures?
Broken pieces of rock moving by erosion.
The ice hardening in the crack, making new rock.
Ice making the crack smaller.
The rock breaking apart along the crack.
The crack continuing to widen.
Laurel creates the model shown of a stream bed. She wants to demonstrate how natural processes can change the surface of Earth through deposition and erosion. She pours water on her model and makes observations. In which situation will more deposition than erosion occur in Laura's stream bed model?
More deposition will occur if the slope of the stream increases.
More deposition will occur if sediment in the stream decreases.
More deposition will occur if the amount of stream water increases.
More deposition will occur if the speed of the stream water decreases.
Water fills a crack in a rock. The temperature drops below freezing. What is likely to happen?
The water in the crack will evaporate.
The water will freeze and the crack in the rock will expand.
The water will freeze and the crack will stay the same.
The water in the crack will protect the rock from further cracks.
New crust is formed through what process?
plate tectonics
chemical weathering
mechanical weathering
erosion
The picture shows a cliff face being hit by waves. Which of the following pictures shows how the cliff will look after being hit by waves for many years?
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
Which of the following is true about the development of soils in extremely dry climates?
They develop without chemical weathering, unlike humid areas.
They develop without mechanical weathering, unlike humid areas.
They develop more rapidly than soils in humid areas.
They develop more slowly than soils in humid areas.
The state of Georgia has many different types of ecosystems. What is most likely true about the amount of soil in these ecosystems?
The Georgia pine forest has more soil because there are more trees and plants to weather the rocks.
The Georgia pine forest has less soil because there are less trees and plants to weather the rocks.
The Georgia mountains have more soil because there are less trees and plants to weather the rocks.
The Georgia mountains have less soil because there are more trees and plants to weather the rocks.
Which of the following is organic material that results from the decay of plant and animal remains?
humus
gravel
horizon
clay
Mary is studying swampy marshlands near her school. She notices there are many thriving plants in the wet soil. What type of soil is she likely to see?
soil mostly of broken rocks
soil mostly of sand grains
soil with many minerals
soil with decaying organic material
Under which conditions is the thickest soil most likely to form?
in a warm, wet climate
in a warm, dry climate
in a cold, wet climate
in a cold, dry climate
The pictures show two types of soil. Which soil has the most matter from living organisms?
X because it has less texture
Y because it has more rocks
X because it has a darker color
Y because it has smaller particles
Which of the following is the largest mineral particle found in soil?
peat
dirt
sand
silt
Soil is made of many things, including tiny particles of rock. Which is one way rocks are broken down into rock particles?
Molecules of water that are superheated inside of rocks can build up pressure that breaks rocks into rock particles.
Radiation from sunlight creates tons of tiny cracks in the rock, which expand until they break.
Molecules of water that freeze inside rocks can expand and break rocks into rock particles.
Oxygen from the atmosphere gets absorbed by the rock, which expands until it breaks.
Devin is planting carrots in his school garden. He notices that the soil in the garden is darker and has a finer texture than the soil in the soccer field. The soil in the garden is most likely different because it has more
sand than the soil in the soccer field.
clay than the soil in the soccer field.
large weathered rocks than the soil in the soccer field.
decomposed organic matter than the soil in the soccer field.
Anna took a large, jagged rock down to the river near her home and placed it in the water where the water was moving very fast. She went back to check the rock several months later. What changes will Anna observe in her rock?
The rock will be smaller and smooth, as jagged edges were worn by the water.
The rock will be larger and smooth, as small pieces were added by the water.
The rock will be larger and rough, as other minerals were added by the water.
The rock will smaller and rough, as pieces were ripped off by the water.
Tamika noticed after a heavy rainstorm that the loose dirt in her backyard had been moved around, creating channels and mounds. Which TWO processes took place in Tamika's backyard?
compaction
deposition
sedimentation
cementation
erosion
The picture shows a winding stream. Points W, X, Y, and Z represent locations along the stream. Which statement about point Y is most likely true?
Y is a shallow part of the stream because of erosion.
Y is a shallow part of the stream because of deposition.
Y is a deep part of the stream because of erosion.
Y is a deep part of the stream because of deposition.
Which layer most likely contains the most rocks and the least amount of organic matter?
W
X
Y
Z
Select three human activities that increase soil erosion.
clearing land for crops
terracing the land on hillsides
building fences around land
overgrazing by farm animals
building roads through fields
WHAT LAYER OF SOIL IS ON TOP OF TOPSOIL?
HUMUS
TOPSOIL
SUBSOIL
BEDROCK
WHAT LAYER OF "SOIL" IS HARD SOLID ROCK
TOPSOIL
SUBSOIL
BEDROCK
PARENT MATERIAL
THIS LAYER IS MADE UP OF MINERALS AND DECOMPOSED ORGANIC MATTER
(a)
THIS LAYER IS THE LAYER UNDER SUBSOIL
(a)
What does the size of the soil particles determine?
pH
mineral composition
texture
horizon posiition
What are loam, clay loam, silt loam, and clay?
Soil particle sizes
Soil Textures
Soil pH
Soil composition
Which of the following causes of the Dust Bowl were due to HUMAN IMPACT?
1.Over-tilling the land
2. Severe heat and drought for almost a decade
3. Overgrazing of farm animals
4. High winds in the area
All answer options
1 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
Which soil conservation practice aims to keep nutrients in the soil?
no-tilling farming
crop rotation
contour plowing on hillsides
terracing hillside farms
Which geologic processes have changed the landscape of Georgia the most during the last 10,000 years?
continental drift and plate movement
glacial erosion and deposition
water erosion and deposition
volcanoes and faulting
What best describes a meander?
a place where a body of water and land meet
a crescent shaped lake
a curve and bend in a waterway that forms a twisting and looping pattern
an area of shoreline that is made up of material deposited by waves and currents
