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WorksheetsUnit 9: The Cold War
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 22mins
What caused the rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?
It was a friendly competition between super powers
They were both large in size & close to one another
Deep political ideological differences
Churchill did not trust the Soviets
Why was the United States angered at Stalin at the start of the Cold War?
Stalin developed an atomic bomb without telling anyone
Stalin was allies with Hitler for a time
Stalin promised to turn the Soviet Union democratic but lied
He demanded Germany was divided into occupation zones
Why was Stalin angered at the United States at the start of the Cold War?
Truman developed an atomic bomb without telling him
The U.S. demanded the Soviets leave the Pacific after asking for help
Truman personally insulted Stalin while in Britain
The U.S. vowed to never be allies with the Soviets again
What did Stalin agree to do at the Yalta Conference?
Back off his demand that Germany be divided
Step down as leader of the Soviet Union
Never to go to war with the U.S. or its allies
Allow free elections in Poland & Eastern Europe
How did Stalin anger the Allies at the Potsdam Conference?
He began a blockade of West Berlin
He demanded the whole of Germany belong to the Soviet Union
He backed off his promise to allow free elections
He ordered the construction of the Berlin Wall
Along with spreading democracy, why else did the U.S. want to be involved in Eastern Europe?
They were concerned about another Nazi uprising
The potential for new markets & raw materials
They wanted to make sure those countries paid back their war debt
Stalin was threatening to annex more countries
Countries dependent upon and dominated by the Soviet Union
Protectorates
Territories
Colonies
Satellites
What did Winston Churchill describe as having fallen over Europe during this time?
A red flag
An iron curtain
Darkness
Democracy
How did U.S.-Soviet tensions impact the United Nations?
Stalin did not want to allow western allies into the group
It severely impacted the group's ability to get anything done
The U.S. refused to join because the Soviet Union was in the group
Countries did not want to join the group
Conflict between the U.S. and Soviet Union in which neither nation directly confronted the either on the battlefield
Korean War
Chinese Revolution
Cold War
Vietnam War
Taking measures to prevent any extension of Communist rule to other countries
Mutually assured destruction
Flexible response
Massive retaliation
Containment
Which president used containment as a policy of dealing with communism?
FDR
Truman
Eisenhower
Kennedy
Which of the following was NOT a way in which the U.S. "contained" communism?
Financial assistance
Diplomatic outreach
Internal revolutions
Military intervention
Along with Western Europe, where else did the U.S. send money to keep communism in check?
Asia
Oceania
Antarctica
North America
Why did containment begin to rely on military intervention as time progressed?
The Soviets began threatening war with countries that resisted communism
Western European leaders were beginning to negotiate with Stalin
Stalin declared war against democratic countries
Money & supplies alone could not hold back Soviet aggression
Which intelligence agency gathered information from the military & state department to report to the president?
National Security Administration
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Central Intelligence Agency
National Intelligence Service Corps
To prevent Communist takeovers in other countries, which tactic did Eisenhower and the CIA use?
They used planes to dump pro-democracy leaflets over cities
They used spies to engage in covert operations
They prepared for an active military invasion of those countries
They convinced Congress to punish them with economic sanctions
What new Cabinet position was created out of the Cold War?
Department of Defense
Department of Homeland Security
Department of Interior
Department of Energy
Why did Britain ask the U.S. to take over financial support for Turkey & Greece?
The British thought the U.S. did not do enough to help
Communists were beginning to gain serious momentum there
Truman argued the U.S. could do a better job to help
Britain was in financial turmoil due to the impact of war
The declaration that the U.S. would support people around the world who were fighting against outside forces trying to take over
Monroe Doctrine
Containment
Truman Doctrine
Massive retaliation
Plan which offered some $13B in assistance to 16 different countries in Europe
Truman Plan
Marshall Plan
The Great Recovery
Defense Improvement Plan
Why did Stalin refuse financial assistance from the United States?
He wanted the money to be spent on Western Europe
It would have shown that communism is weak
The U.S. offered the Soviets the least amount
Stalin was grateful but did not need help
What was the impact of the Marshall Plan?
It did not help Western Europe as expected
It boosted communism reputation around the world
Americans were again asked to ration supplies
It helped the U.S. build strong alliances
By 1952, why had communism lost much of its appeal to voters?
Stalin died around this time & it became unpopular
People resisted totalitarian control around the world
The Marshall Plan was extremely successful
Communist economies began to fail
When the U.S., Britain, and France merged their zones in Germany, how did the Soviet Union respond?
By blockading West Berlin
By threatening to declare war
By building the Berlin Wall
By organizing a military alliance
How did the U.S. and Britain help West Berlin during the Soviet blockade?
They severely sanctioned the Soviet Union
They threatened war against the Soviets if they did not back down
They addressed their concerns in the United Nations
They organized the Berlin airlift
The Cold War ended any hope of returning to which political philosophy?
Colonization
Militarism
Imperialism
Isolationism
After the West Berlin crisis, how did some nations respond to fears of Soviet aggression?
They unilaterally declared war against communism
They requested more financial support from the U.S.
They organized a defensive military alliance
They pushed to kick the Soviet Union out of the UN
What is the name of the military alliance that was formed by the U.S., Canada, and ten European nations in 1949?
Warsaw Pact
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Collective Security Treaty Organization
United Nations
Military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union & seven Eastern European countries
Warsaw Pact
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Collective Security Treaty Organization
United Nations
How was the U.S. involved in the Chinese Communist Revolution?
The U.S. refused to get involved because of isolationism
The U.S. sent $2B worth of equipment & supplies to the Nationalists
The U.S. called for a peaceful resolution to the conflict
The U.S. helped the Nationalists by invading mainland China
What was the impact of the Chinese Communist Revolution on U.S. foreign policy?
It signaled that containment was largely successful
The U.S. became less aggressive with Communist nations
It signaled that containment had failed
The U.S. created an alliance to defend itself against China
How did President Truman address accusations that he and Democrats were "soft" on communism?
Truman simply ignored the claims
Truman set up the Loyalty Review Board
Truman resigned from office because of the accusations
Truman began negotiating peace with the Soviets
How did Congress begin to investigate Communist influence in the movie industry?
They created the House Un-American Activities Committee
They passed the McCarran Internal Security Act
They forced Hollywood to stop producing movies for one year
They made it illegal to produce any movie that has a political message
What was the impact of the McCarran Act?
It barred any individual from the Soviet Union from entering the U.S.
It promoted political diversity and encouraged free speech
It outlawed any individual in the U.S. from joining the Communist Party
It required all Communist organizations in the U.S. to register with the government
What was the impact of the Venona Project?
President Truman was revealed to have ties to communism
It became public knowledge that the Soviets were in possession of an atomic bomb
Analysts discovered Soviet spies had infiltrated all levels of U.S. government
It ended the Red Scare in the U.S.
How was the Korean War a failure for containment?
North Korea managed to take control of the South
South Koreans did not want to remain a democracy
Korea was divided into two nations rather than one
It pulled the world into another global conflict
What was the impact of American involvement in the Korean War?
The U.S. helped South Korea defeat the North
The U.S. saved South Korea from certain defeat
The Soviet Union & China declared war on the U.S.
China backed off its involvement in the war
An international contest between countries seeking a military advantage over each other
Militarism
Non-aggression pact
Nuclear disarmament
What was a large impact of the U.S.-Soviet arms race?
The Soviets began to consider capitalism
The countries worked together to explore space
Tensions between the two countries decreased
Both countries built enormous stockpiles of weapons
What was the focus of President Eisenhower's foreign policy?
Putting a man on the moon
Declaring global war on communism
Keeping the lead in the arms race
Converting countries to democracies
Military strategy that discourages offensive attacks by vowing to launch a devastating counterstrike to any attack, nuclear or not
Massive retaliation
Containment
Mutually assured destruction
Flexible response
Military strategy where neither country considers a direct attack against its opponent because it would result in the total destruction of both parties
Massive retaliation
Containment
Mutually assured destruction
Flexible response
The willingness of the U.S. (under President Eisenhower) to go to the edge of all-out-war
Mutually assured destruction
Containment
Brinkmanship
Flexible response
Military strategy that boosts conventional, nonnuclear forces such as troops, ships & artillery
Mutually assured destruction
Containment
Brinkmanship
Flexible response
What was the impact of the arms race by the mid- to late-1950s?
Both superpowers had the ability to retaliate to any attack with nuclear force
The world was entirely split into three alliances
There was a decline in technological advancements
The U.S. and Soviet Union began to discuss disarmament
How did U.S.-Soviet tensions flare up again after Stalin's death?
The Soviets opposed NATO expansion in West Germany
The U.S. executed all Soviet spies in its custody
The Soviets began testing nuclear missiles in the Pacific Ocean
The U.S. demanded democracy in Eastern Europe
How did the U.S. greatly anger Britain, France & Israel during the Suez Canal crisis?
The U.S. provided military support to Egypt
Eisenhower did not support the use of force to reopen the canal & demanded they withdraw
The U.S. chose not to get involved whatsoever
The U.S. invaded the canal zone & nationalized it for their own use
How did the Suez Canal crisis increase the prestige of the Soviets in the Middle East?
They convinced Egypt to convert to communism
The Soviet Union sent thousands of troops to assist Egypt
The Soviets helped Egypt keep the canal under their control
The Soviets remained neutral during the crisis
U.S. commitment to defend the Middle East against an attack by any Communist country
Brinkmanship
Flexible response
Why did Fidel Castro's rise to power worry the Kennedy administration?
He wanted to revive fascism
He declared himself a Communist & openly welcomed Soviet aid
He threatened to overthrow the U.S. government
He began to develop nuclear weapons
How did Kennedy respond to the Soviets building nuclear missile bases in Cuba?
Began negotiating a peace treaty with the Soviets
Ordered a naval blockade & demanded removal of the missiles
Ignored the situation as he did not view it as important
How did Khrushchev respond to East Germans fleeing to West Berlin?
He closed all air & land routes coming out of West Berlin
He ceased communication with the U.S.
He demanded West Germany pay reparations to East Germany
He ordered the construction of the Berlin Wall
How did Kennedy and Khrushchev prevent worldwide nuclear disaster amid tension?
They created a hot line between the White House & the Kremlin
The U.S. let the Soviets join NATO
The UN banned the use of nuclear weapons worldwide
They agreed to decrease their nuclear arsenals
Agreement which banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere
Safe Space Treaty
Limited Test Ban Treaty
Agreement in which nuclear powers agreed not to sell or give nuclear weapons to any country & nonnuclear powers promised not to acquire nuclear weapons
Safe Space Treaty
Limited Test Ban Treaty
What event marked the beginning of the Space Race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?
The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union
The Apollo 11 moon landing
The signing of the Outer Space Treaty
The creation of NASA
Why was it important for the U.S. to be the first to send a person to the moon?
Kennedy viewed it as a challenge & wanted to surpass the Soviets
The government wanted to test the effects of space travel on humans
Kennedy wanted to create space weapons to protect U.S. interests
Kennedy wanted to prove the existence of extraterrestrial life
33rd POTUS; helped oversee the creation of the United Nations; led the country through the Korean War
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman
John F. Kennedy
Dwight D. Eisenhower
34th POTUS; presented the "open skies" proposal to the Soviet Union; admitted the U.S. was using U-2 planes to spy on the Soviets
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman
John F. Kennedy
Dwight D. Eisenhower
35th POTUS; led the U.S. through the Bay of Pigs invasion & Cuban Missile Crisis
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman
John F. Kennedy
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Soviet leader that ordered the construction of the Berlin Wall
Mikhail Gorbachev
Joseph Stalin
Vladimir Lenin
Nikita Khrushchev
Soviet leader that demanded Germany be divided into occupation zones after the war
Mikhail Gorbachev
Joseph Stalin
Vladimir Lenin
Nikita Khrushchev
Why did Eisenhower want to discontinue the U-2 spy plane missions?
Khrushchev began to position troops close to Alaska in response
The missions were extremely expensive
Eisenhower did not want to seem disingenuous as he was negotiating peace
The American public disagreed with spying on the Soviets
What was the impact of the U-2 incident?
Eisenhower refused to apologize & Khrushchev ended arms race talks
It encouraged the U.S. and Soviet Union to sign a peace treaty
Many countries began to doubt the U.S.'s military power
Some members of NATO left the alliance to join the Warsaw Pact
