Any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs on a specific place on a chromosome (Ex/ T=brown hair, t=blonde hair)

Heterozygous genotype (ex/ Ww)that is a blend of two homologous phenotypes (i.e. White x red flowers= pink flowers)

Heterozygous genotype (ex/ Ww) that equally expresses the traits from both alleles (i.e. Red cow x white cow = white cow with red spots)

Exchange of chromosome segments/genes between homologous chromosomes during Meiosis -- leads to an INCREASE in genetic variety.

Cross, or mating, between organisms involving 2 pairs of contrasting traits

Allele that is expressed when 2 different alleles are present in an organism's genotype.

Sex cell; egg or sperm cell

Specific region of DNA that codes for a specific protein/trait

The appearance in a phenotype of a characteristic due to specific genes being activated or "turned on"

Collection of all of an organisms genetic information that codes for traits (ex/ TT, Tt, or tt)

Cell that has only one copy of each chromosome (during Meiosis)

The passing of traits from one generation to the next

Characteristics of having 2 different alleles that appear at the same place on sister chromatids (ex/ Tt AKA Hybrid)

Chromosome pair (one from mom, one from dad) that are the same length and have the same copies of genes although alleles may be different

Characteristic of having two of the same alleles at the same place on sister chromatids (ex/ TT or tt AKA Purebred)

Cross, or mating, between organisms that involves only one pair of contrasting traits

Chart of the phenotypes and genotypes in a family that is used to determine whether an individual is a carrier of a recessive allele

Collection of all an organism's physical characteristics, or traits (ex/ blue eyes)

Model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross, or mating.

Allele that is not expressed unless 2 copies are present in an organisms genotype (ex/ tt)