Actions taken to reduce or prevent the adverse effects of hazards, aiming to minimize harm and

increase resilience.

Any potential threat or danger that can cause harm or damage.

The likelihood of being adversely affected by hazards due to various factors.

Being in areas or situations where hazards are present, increasing the risk of harm.

The probability of harmful consequences resulting from the interaction of hazards, vulnerability, and

exposure.

Events caused by natural forces or processes.

Events primarily resulting from human actions or negligence.

Emergencies related to infectious diseases and public health.

Changes in the environment, including long-term shifts in climate patterns.

Disasters arise from social and political factors, including armed conflicts and societal vulnerabilities.

Geological Hazards: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tsunamis.

Hydrometeorological Hazards: Tropical cyclones (hurricanes/typhoons), tornadoes,

thunderstorms, hailstorms, floods, droughts, heatwaves, cold waves, flash floods,

riverbank erosion, storm surges.

Industrial Hazards: Chemical spills, explosions, fires at industrial facilities.

Nuclear Hazards: Radiation leaks, nuclear reactor accidents.

Transportation Hazards: Plane crashes, train derailments, maritime accidents.

Structural Hazards: Building collapses, bridge failures.

Infectious Diseases: Pandemics, epidemics, outbreaks of diseases like influenza, Ebola,

COVID-19.

Vector-Borne Diseases: Malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, Lyme disease.

Foodborne Illnesses: Contamination of food leading to illness outbreaks, such as

Salmonella or E. coli.

Pollution: Air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination.

Climate Change: Rising temperatures, sea level rise, extreme weather events, changing

precipitation patterns.

Poverty: Lack of access to basic resources and services, economic instability.

Civil Unrest: Riots, protests, conflicts, terrorism.

Cybersecurity Threats: Hacking, data breaches, cyber-attacks.

Industrial Accidents: Chemical spills, explosions, fires at industrial facilities.

Resource Depletion: Overexploitation of natural resources leading to depletion,

degradation, and loss of essential ecosystem services.

Nuclear Accidents: Accidents or incidents involving nuclear reactors, nuclear weapons, or

radioactive materials.

Urbanization and Land Use Changes: Alterations in land use patterns and rapid

urbanization contributing to environmental degradation, habitat loss, and vulnerability to

natural hazards.

is the shaking of the Earth's surface caused by the sudden release of

energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in seismic waves.

caused by the movement of tectonic plates along faults. Other causes include volcanic activity, landslides, and human activities such as mining or reservoir-induced seismicity.

is a vent or opening in the Earth's crust through which molten rock, ash, and gases are expelled

during volcanic eruptions.

can be classified based on their eruption style, shape, and activity level.

Occur within 70 kilometers (43 miles) of the Earth's surface.

Occur between 70 and 300 kilometers (43 to 186 miles) deep.

Occur at depths greater than 300 kilometers (186 miles) below the Earth's surface.

Result from the movement of tectonic plates.

Associated with volcanic activity, such as magma movement and volcanic eruptions.

Triggered by human activities, such as reservoir-induced seismicity or mining.

Magnitude less than 2.0.

Magnitude between 2.0 and 4.0.

Magnitude between 4.0 and 4.9.

Magnitude between 5.0 and 5.9.

Magnitude between 6.0 and 6.9.

Magnitude between 7.0 and 7.9.

Magnitude 8.0 and above.

Occur within a tectonic plate, away from plate boundaries.

Occur along plate boundaries, where tectonic plates

interact.

can cause various effects, including ground shaking, surface rupture,

landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction, and secondary hazards such as fires and floods.

include building earthquake-resistant structures, land-use planning, strengthening infrastructure, early warning systems, public education, and emergency preparedness drills.

The degree of shaking and damage caused by an earthquake at a specific location.

The total energy released by an earthquake at its source, indicating its size and strength

Igneous rocks formed beneath the Earth's surface through slow cooling of magma.

Processes related to the movement and deformation of the Earth's outer shell due to

interactions between tectonic plates.

Characterized by relatively gentle eruptions with the slow release of lava,

producing lava flows. Examples include shield volcanoes and lava domes.

Characterized by violent eruptions with the rapid release of gas and

fragmented volcanic material, such as ash, pyroclastic flows, and volcanic bombs. Examples

include stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes) and calderas.

Broad, gently sloping volcanoes formed by the accumulation of fluid lava

flows. They have a shield-like shape and are typically associated with effusive eruptions.

Steep-sided volcanoes composed of alternating layers

of lava flows, volcanic ash, and other volcanic debris. They are associated with explosive

eruptions and can reach great heights.

Small, steep-sided volcanoes built from the accumulation of volcanic

debris, such as ash, cinders, and volcanic bombs ejected during explosive eruptions.

Rounded, steep-sided mounds formed by the extrusion of highly viscous

lava that piles up near the vent during effusive eruptions.

Volcanoes that have erupted recently and are likely to erupt again in the future.

Volcanoes that have not erupted in a long time but could potentially erupt

again in the future.

Volcanoes that are not expected to erupt again because they are no longer

connected to a magma source or are considered geologically inactive.

Coordinates disaster management efforts nationwide.

Provides timely and relevant information on disaster preparedness and response.

Mobilizes resources for disaster mitigation, response, and recovery.

Conducts risk assessments and develops plans to reduce vulnerability to disasters.

Monitors and studies volcanic and seismic activities.

Issues alerts and advisories related to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis.

Conducts research to better understand geological hazards.

Provides weather forecasts, warnings, and advisories.

Monitors tropical cyclones, typhoons, and other weather disturbances.

Conducts research on meteorology, climatology, and related fields.

Responds to fires and other emergencies.

Conducts fire prevention and safety campaigns.

Assists in search and rescue operations during disasters.

Builds and maintains critical infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and flood control

systems.

Conducts post-disaster assessments and repairs damaged infrastructure.

Provides guidance and support to local government units in disaster preparedness and

response.

Oversees the implementation of disaster risk reduction and management plans at the local

level.

Coordinates with other agencies and stakeholders to ensure effective disaster governance.

Conducts patrols and surveillance to ensure the safety and security of Philippine waters.