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Cosmos

Total questions: 93

Worksheet time: 1hrs 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
2.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
3.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
4.
Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 
a)
the shape of the planets' orbits
b)
the speed/area the planet travels 
c)
the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
5.
A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.
a)
faster
b)
slower
6.
The farther away a planet is from the sun, the _______ it takes it to orbit the sun once. 
a)
longer
b)
shorter
7.
What has an eccentricity of zero
a)
a straight line
b)
a large ellipse
c)
a circle
d)
a small ellipse
8.

What will result in the most eccentric elliptical orbit

a)

when the focal points are closest together

b)

when the focal points are on top of one another

c)

then the focal points are farthest apart

9.

Which point is a FOCUS?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

10.

According to Kepler's Second Law, where in it's path does a planet move the fastest?

a)

At the perihelion

b)

At the aphelion

c)

At the top of the semi-minor axis

d)

The speed is constant.

11.

In a circular orbit, the speed/velocity ___ change.

a)

does

b)

does not

c)

where are you coming up with this information?

12.

When a planet appears to move backwards, it is called...

a)

impossible

b)

retrograde motion

c)

we never talked about this

d)

an illusion

13.

Kepler's First Law states

a)

objects attract other objects with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses

b)

the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving around the Sun is equal to the cube of the ratio of their average distance from the Sun

c)

An imaginary line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out an equal area of space in equal amounts of time.

d)

Planets move about the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one of the foci.

14.

Kepler's Second Law states

a)

objects attract other objects with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses

b)

the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving around the Sun is equal to the cube of the ratio of their average distance from the Sun

c)

An imaginary line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out an equal area of space in equal amounts of time.

d)

Planets move about the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one of the foci.

15.

Kepler's Third Law states

a)

objects attract other objects with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses

b)

the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving around the Sun is equal to the cube of the ratio of their average distance from the Sun

c)

An imaginary line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out an equal area of space in equal amounts of time.

d)

Planets move about the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one of the foci.

16.

Which of the following most accurately describes the movement of the Earth around the Sun?

a)

The Earth moves at a constant speed around the Sun.

b)

The Earth moves faster when it is closest to the Sun.

c)

The Earth moves slowest when it is closest to the Sun.

d)

The Earth's speed varies dependent upon the phase of the moon.

17.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
18.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
19.
The place where a planet is closest to the Sun as it orbits the Sun is called the
a)
perihelion
b)
aphelion
20.
The place where a planet is farthest away from the Sun in its orbit around the Sun is called the
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
21.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
22.
What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?
a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
23.
What has an eccentricity of zero
a)
a straight line
b)
a large ellipse
c)
a circle
d)
a small ellipse
24.
Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 
a)
the shape of the planets' orbits
b)
the speed/area the planet travels 
c)
the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
25.
The "Law of Harmonies" is which of Kepler's Laws?
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd
d)
4th
26.
A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.
a)
faster
b)
slower
27.
Kepler's first law states that the orbits of the planets are oval in shape or 
a)
ellipses
b)
perfect circles
28.
The path a planet travels around the sun is called its 
a)
orbit
b)
ellipse
c)
barycenter
d)
precession
29.
Which diagram shows a planet with the least eccentric orbit?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
30.
What is the maximum eccentricity an ellipse can be?
a)
0
b)
.5
c)
1
d)
42
31.
Calculate the eccentricity for the following orbit. 
a)
1.6
b)
0.8
c)
0.6
d)
1.2
32.
Which orbit is most eccentric? 
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
33.
What is eccentricity? 
a)
a measurement of how elliptical an orbit is. 
b)
a measurement of the distance between the planet and the sun
c)
a measurement of how long the planet takes to rotate around the sun
d)
none of these
34.
What shape are the orbits of all planets in our solar system? 
a)
circular
b)
cylindrical 
c)
elliptical
d)
none of these
35.
During which month is the earth moving the slowest? 
a)
July 
b)
March
c)
January
d)
September
36.
During what month is the earth moving the fastest around the sun? 
a)
July
b)
March
c)
January
d)
September
37.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
38.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is 
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
39.

Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)

a)

circle

b)

ellipse

c)

focus

d)

perihelion

40.

An ellipse is drawn around two points called:

a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
41.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is 
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
42.

What has an eccentricity of zero?

a)

#1: A perfect circle

b)

#2: A slightly elliptical path

c)

#3: A very elliptical path

d)

All elliptical paths

43.

What has the greatest eccentricity of its orbital path?

a)

#1: A perfect circle

b)

#2: A slightly elliptical path

c)

#3: A very elliptical path

d)

All elliptical paths have eccentricities of zero (e = 0)

44.

The value of eccentricity can range from ________ to ________.

a)

0.1 to 0.9

b)

-1 to 0

c)

0 to 100

d)

0 to 1

45.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
46.
What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?
a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
47.

Kepler's 2nd Law deals with:

a)
the shape of the planets' orbits
b)
the speed/area the planet travels 
c)
the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
48.
A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.
a)
faster
b)
slower
49.

The diagram below shows a moon revolving around a planet in an elliptical orbit. At which position is the moon traveling fastest?

a)

location 1

b)

location 2

c)

location 3

d)

location 4

50.

The diagram below shows a moon revolving around a planet in an elliptical orbit. At which position is the moon traveling slowest?

a)

location 1

b)

location 2

c)

location 3

d)

location 4

51.

Which planet will take the least amount of time to revolve around the Sun?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

52.

Which planet will take the most amount of time to revolve around the Sun?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

53.

Which statement best describes Kepler’s 2nd Law of Planetary Motion?​

a)

Planets revolve around the sun over equal areas in equal time intervals.

b)

Planetary orbits are in the shape of an ellipse.

c)

A planet’s orbital period is proportionate to its distance from the sun.

54.
The "Law of Harmonies" is which of Kepler's Laws?
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd
d)
4th
55.

Kepler’s 2nd Law states that the area swept out by a planet’s motion will be the same regardless of where it is in its orbit. A comet moves much faster when it is closer to the Sun than when it is further out from the Sun. What is the primary cause in the change of the comet’s orbital velocity?

a)

Jupiter's gravitational field.

b)

The sun's solar wind.

c)

The sun's gravitational field.

d)

Saturn's magnetic field.

56.

According to Kepler's 3rd law, the square of the time it takes for an object to orbit, T, is directly related to the cube of the distance, r, between the object and what it is orbiting.    


What this means is that if a satellite moves away from what it is orbiting,

a)

the area it covers during its orbit is changing per unit of time

b)

it must be speeding up in its linear speed

c)

it is slowing down as its radius (distance) is increasing

d)
the shorter the orbital period is.
57.

Kepler's 3rd law tell us that __ would be dependent on __.

a)

orbital period ; distance

b)

distance ; orbital period

58.

Kepler’s 3rd law states the square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the orbital radius. (T2=D3)

If a planet's orbital radius is doubled, what happens to the length of a year on that planet?

a)
It will become twice as long
b)
It will become about 8 times as long
c)
It will become 2.8 times as long
d)
It will remain the same
59.

SOLVE USING Kepler’s 3rd Law: (T2=D3)

A planet orbits the Sun (or any star) in 4.4 Earth years. What is its distance from the Sun (star) in AU?

a)

2.1 AU

b)

2.7 AU

c)

3.2 AU

d)

3.9 AU

60.

SOLVE USING Kepler’s 3rd Law: (T2=D3) *Same problem as prior...

A planet orbits the Sun (or any star) in 4.4 Earth years. What is its distance from the Sun (star) in MILES?

a)

1.9 x 108 miles

b)

2.2 x 108 miles

c)

2.5 x 108 miles

d)

2.9 x 108 miles

61.

SOLVE USING Kepler’s 3rd Law: (T2=D3) *Same problem as prior...

A planet orbits the Sun at a distance of 7.8 AU. What is its orbital period (time) in Earth YEARS?

a)

21.8 Earth Years

b)

20.2 Earth Years

c)

18.8 Earth Years

d)

11.4 Earth Years

62.
This model best illustrates which of the following laws?
a)
Kepler's 2nd Law of Motion
b)
Newton's 1st Law of Motion
c)
Kepler's 3rd Law of Motion
d)
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
63.
What did Kepler discover about planets and their orbital speed?
a)
Planets closest to the Sun will orbit with the fastest orbital speed.
b)
Planets with the greatest mass will orbit the Sun with the fastest orbital speed.
c)
Planets furthest from the Sun will orbit with the fastest orbital speed.
d)
Planets with the least mass will orbit the Sun with the fastest orbital speed.
64.

small body made of rock and metal that orbits the sun typically in the inner solar system

a)

asteroid

b)

asteroid belt

c)

revolve

d)

astronomical unit

65.

large body that orbits around the sun

a)

planet

b)

dwarf planet

c)

moon

d)

Earth's axis

66.

huge planet made mostly of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, such as as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. There are two known ice giants in the solar system, Uranus and Neptune

a)

ice giant

b)

asteroid

c)

dwarf planet

d)

Kuiper Belt

67.

large, massive, low-density planet composed primarily of hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia in either gaseous or liquid state

a)

gas giant

b)

planet

c)

comet

d)

asteroid belt

68.

the gases surrounding a star or planetary body held in place by gravity

a)

atmosphere

b)

orbit

c)

meteoroid

d)

dwarf planet

69.

a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. Within the solar system, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the sun, i.e. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars

a)

terrestrial planet

b)

solar system

c)

asteroid

d)

comet

70.

spherical shell of comet-like bodies believed to surround the sun far beyond the orbits of the outer most planets

a)

Oort cloud

b)

atmosphere

c)

solar system

d)

planet

71.

the amount of time it takes for a given object to complete one orbit around another object

a)

orbital period

b)

Oort cloud

c)

terrestrial planet

d)

gas giant

72.

average distance between the Earth and the sun

a)

astronomical unit

b)

elliptical revolution

c)

ecliptic

d)

terrestrial planet

73.

which is the biggest planet of the solar system

a)

JUPITER

b)

SATURN

c)

MERCURY

d)

URANUS

74.

_________ is the only star in the solar system

a)

SUN

b)

sun

75.

IS A DWARF PLANET WHICH WAS DEMOTED BY THE POSITION OF PLANET IN THE YEAR 2006

a)

EARTH

b)

MOON

c)

PLUTO

d)

MERCURY

76.

NAME THE SPOT IN JUPITER WHICH IS CONTINOUSLY GOING ON FROM 100S OF YEARS

a)

THE GREAT RED SPOT

b)

the great red spot

77.

__________ planet is known as the morning star and the evening star

a)

earth

b)

mars

c)

saturn

d)

venus

78.

Which planet in the Solar System is known for having the most extensive ring system?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Neptune

79.

What is the LARGEST planet in the solar system

a)

Neptune

b)

Saturn

c)

Earth

d)

Jupiter

80.

Which Planet Goes in the Blank?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Milky Way

c)

Mars

d)

Jupiter

81.

Which planet is the closest to the sun?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

82.

Which best describes the sun?

a)

Small, cold, and rocky

b)

It has craters or large holes on it

c)

A large hot ball of burning gas

d)

It has a shiny surface that reflects light

83.

Which of the following models correctly shows how the Earth, Sun, and Moon move?

a)
b)
c)
d)
84.

Mercury, Earth, Venus, and Mars are known as the... ______________________

a)

Little Planets

b)

Sunny Planets

c)

Inner Planets

d)

Outer Planets

85.

The sun is a star that provides energy. What is also true about the sun?

a)

It is the largest planet

b)

It is bright during the day and dark at night

c)

It's made of gas

d)

It's the same size as the Earth

86.

Which of the following are in the correct order?

a)

Sun, Mars, Venus, Earth, Mercury

b)

Sun, Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars

c)

Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

d)

Sun, Mars, Earth, Mercury, Venus

87.

Which planets go in the blanks?


Jupiter, _____________, Uranus, ________________

a)

Saturn, Neptune

b)

Neptune, Saturn

c)

Mars, Pluto

d)

Saturn, Pluto

88.

Which planets go in the blanks?

_______, Jupiter, _______, Uranus, Neptune

a)

Mars, Saturn

b)

Earth, Uranus

c)

Neptune, Saturn

d)

Neptune, Mars

89.

How can this Earth-Sun-Moon model be improved to be more accurate?

a)

Make Earth larger

b)

Make the moon larger

c)

Move the moon farther away from the Earth

d)

Move the Earth farther away from the sun

90.

What is missing from this Earth- Sun-Moon model?

a)

Planets

b)

Stars

c)

Gravity

d)

Moon

91.

What is the smallest planet in the Solar System?

a)

Mercury

b)

Mars

c)

Venus

d)

Earth

92.

Which planet is known as the 'Red Planet'?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Mars

c)

Saturn

d)

Venus

93.

What is the main component of the Sun?

a)

Liquid water

b)

Solid rock

c)

Burning gas

d)

Ice

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