WorksheetsNeuro Exam 3 Prep (Ch. 10, 11, and 12)
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 3hrs 55mins
Match the following somatosensory pathways.
Brings information from sensory receptors into the spinal cord
First-order neuron
Conveys information between the spinal cord or brainstem to the thalamus
Second-order neuron
Conveys information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex
Third-order neuron
(T/F): Nociception is the perception of tissue damage or potential tissue damage. The brain usually interprets stimuli that activate nociceptors as painful.
True
False
Match the following.
Tactile information conveyed by end-organs is categorized as _____ because the vibration, skin stretch, and skin pressure they communicate is typically perceived as innocuous.
Light touch
Tactile information conveyed by free nerve endings is termed _____ because it provides information that a mechanical stimulus has occurred, but not the specific localization of that stimulus.
Crude touch
Respond the entire time a stimulus is present
Tonic receptors
Adapt to a constant stimulus and stop responding while the stimulus is still present
Phasic receptors
What type of receptors respond to mechanical deformation of the receptor by touch, pressure, stretch, or vibration?
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
All of the following is true regarding receptive fields EXCEPT for:
Receptive fields tend to be smaller proximally and larger distally.
Receptive fields tend to be smaller distally and larger proximally.
Distal regions of the body have a greater density of receptors than proximal areas.
The combination of smaller receptive fields and greater density of receptors distally enables us to distinguish between two closely applied stimuli on a fingertip.
(T/F): Dermatomes connect motor or sensory end-organs with the central nervous system.
True
False
If an individual experienced a complete lesion of the median nerve above the wrist in the posterolateral forearm _____.
They would not perceive any sensation below the lesion or in their hand, neither on the posterior nor anterior side of the forearm.
They would lack sensation of the entire posterolateral forearm and hand of sensation.
They would lack sensation in the posterolateral fingertips, but would retain intact sensation in the areas innervated by the radial nerve and lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
Match the following.
Respond to both quick and prolonged stretch of the muscle
Muscle spindle
Signal the tension generated by muscle contraction or by passive stretch of the tendon
Golgi tendon organs
Respond to mechanical deformation of joint capsules and ligaments
Joint receptors
Where are proprioceptors located?
In the skin
Located in muscle spindles, joints, ligaments, and tendons
Located in all types of tissues
(T/F): The peripheral somatosensory system conveys information about touch, proprioceptive, thermal, and noxious stimuli to the spinal cord or brainstem.
True
False
(T/F): Sensory information is essential for goal-directed movement.
True
False
Match the following central somatosensory system pathways.
Primarily convey high-accuracy somatotopically arranged information to the cerebral cortex
Conscious relay pathways
Convey information that is not organized somatotopically to many areas of the brain; Signals perceived as aching pain are transmitted via this pathway
Divergent pathways
Convey movement-related information to the cerebellum
Nonconscious relay pathways
Match the following.
The _____ carry sensory information about light touch and conscious proprioception.
Dorsal columns
Nociceptive and temperature information travels in the ______.
Anterolateral columns
The awareness of movements and the relative position of body parts
Conscious proprioception
The ability to integrate touch and proprioceptive information to identify an object without vision
Stereognosis
Information conveyed in THIS pathway is important for recognizing objects by touch, controlling fine movements, and making movements smooth.
Dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway (DCML)
Anterolateral pathway
Spinothalamic pathway
Spinocerebellar pathway
Within the DCML pathway, where do the second-order neurons synapse?
Ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus
Primary somatosensory cortex
Secondary somatosensory cortex
Fasciculus cuneatus
Match the following.
Signals for fast nociception travel in a conscious relay pathway, the _____, to reach conscious awareness in the cerebral cortex.
Spinothalamic pathway
Signals for slow nociception reach conscious awareness via the _____, a divergent pathway. Slow pain affects emotions, motivation, movement, and cognition.
Spinolimbic pathway
Feeling an immediate sharp sensation that indicates the location of injury after stubbing your toe
Fast nociception
A dull, throbbing ache felt in the entire forefoot after stubbing your toe
Slow nociception
Within the spinothalamic pathway, where does the second-order neuron cross the midline?
Anterior commissure
Dorsal horns
Medial lemniscus tract
Nucleus cuneatus
(T/F): Lesions of the crude touch pathway interfere with the emotional aspects of touch but not with the sensation of light touch.
True
False
Unlike the dorsal columns, which contain axons of primary neurons and ascend (a) , ascending axons in the spinothalamic tact are second-order neurons, and most ascend (b) .
(T/F): The dorsal column tract crosses the midline in the medulla, and the spinothalamic tract crosses the spinal cord before the axon ascends.
True
False
(T/F): Pain involves inhibitory and excitatory circuits in the peripheral nervous system that can diminish, amplify, or generate signals interpreted as pain.
True
False
Most of the pain we encounter is classified as (a) pain.
Fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, chronic nonspecific low back pain, and migraines are classified as _____.
Chronic primary pain
Chronic secondary pain
Acute pain
(T/F): Central sensitization is a state of excessive excitability of central neurons in the nociceptive system, and is only observed in chronic pain states.
True
False
Central sensitization is characterized by dysesthesias. Dysesthesias are ______.
Unpleasant abnormal sensations, including burning and aching sensations
Involuntary sustained muscle contractions, causing abnormal postures or twisting, repetitive movements
The inability to perform a movement or sequence of movements despite intact sensation, automatic motor output, and understanding of the task
An absence of movement
Match the following signs and symptoms of dysesthesias.
An example of this would be if someone accidentally stepped on a toe that you had stubbed earlier in the day; although having your toe stepped on might be painful, the sensation of pain will be significantly amplified if your toe had already been injured
Hyperalgesia
An example of this is putting on a shirt after sustaining a sunburn on your shoulders; although putting on a shirt is normally uneventful, putting on a shirt after incurring a sunburn can be quite excruciating
Allodynia
Often described as a sensation of burning pain, shooting sensations, or electrical sensations
Spontaneous pain
A person with chronic pain who experiences a rapid increase in pain form one repetition to the next repetition while perform the same therapeutic exercise would be exhibiting this
Temporal summation
The "spread" of pain to adjacent, uninjured areas of tissue
Secondary hyperalgesia
The primary symptom of THIS chronic primary pain syndrome is widespread pain that does not follow dermatomal or peripheral nerve distributions resulting from abnormal pain processing due to central sensitization.
Fibromyalgia
Migraine
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Phantom pain
(a) is a brain-initiated central sensitization syndrome characterized by a dysfunction within the hypothalamus and the trigemino-thalamo-cortical pathway.
To be classified as a migraine, a headache must last _____ and have at least two of the following characteristics: unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or severe pain intensity, and be aggravated by or cause avoidance of routine physical activity such as walking.
2 to 48 hours
4 to 72 hours
6 to 48 hours
4 to 48 hours
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a syndrome of pain, vascular changes, and atrophy. Signs and symptoms are often worst in the (a) extremity, resulting in a stocking or glove distribution that affects the entire foot or hand, and typically (b) extremity/extremities is/are affected.
(T/F): The primary complaints of people diagnosed with CRPS are severe, spontaneous pain that is out of proportion to the original injury, hyperalgesia, and allodynia.
True
False
Heated pool therapy, tai chi, yoga, meditation, hypnosis, and guided imagery are several effective treatments for what chronic pain syndrome?
Fibromyalgia
CRPS
Migraine
Individuals who suffer from THIS chronic primary pain syndrome can benefit from rehabilitation therapies involving aerobic exercise programs, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based therapy, and biofeedback.
Migraine
CRPS
Fibromyalgia
(T/F): A strategy for treating CRPS is graded motor imagery which involves the use of a mirror box.
True
False
THIS is a type of neuropathic pain with both peripheral and central mechanisms. It is felt in the missing part of the limb rather than the residual limb.
(a)
