This muscle located on the posterior side of the lower leg is responsible for plantar flexion and flexion of the lower leg. What is this muscle seen to the right?

During contraction of the muscle fiber, calcium ions bind to this protein, which leads to the exposure of a binding for the thick filament. What is this globular protein that initiates the sliding filament?

These plants undergo carbon fixation to form oxaloacetate, which is then converted to malate or some other organic acid, which is stored in the central vacuole overnight. What type of plant, such as cacti, only open their stomata at night?

These broad, compound leaves develop from an immature fiddlehead. What is the “leaf” of a typical fern, as shown to the right?

Insects and some other arthropods have these openings that allow for air to enter the respiratory tract. What are these small openings in the chitinous exoskeleton?

Animals with this type of skull include mammals and some now extinct reptiles. These skulls are characterized by an opening in the skull behind each eye, creating a bony arch below. What type of skull is seen on the right?

Two individuals that are doubly heterozygous for two traits (AaBb) are crossed. What is the probability that at least one of their offspring is completely homozygous recessive (aabb)?

Match the nondisjunction disorder with its chromosomal description:

This model organism has exactly 1031 cells and is studied extensively for its embryonic development. What is this pseudocoelomate organism?

This reduced niacin derivative is produced several times during cellular respiration. What compound serves as an electron donor during oxidative phosphorylation reactions of the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration?

Damage to the p53 gene can result in this process in an attempt to prevent cancer. What process occurs when blebs appear during programmed cellular death?

This genus of protozoa possesses at least two nuclei: a macronucleus and one or more micronuclei. What is this freshwater ciliate protist seen to the right?

This primary dye dissociates in aqueous solution and the ions bind to peptidoglycan within the cell wall of some bacteria. For cells with thick peptidoglycan cell walls, this dye remains vivid after washing. What cytochemical stain is used in the Gram staining process to identify Gram positive bacteria?

Wilson and MacArthur coined the terms r- and K- selection when discussing island biogeography and based the names on the Verhulst model of population dynamics. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of r-strategists?

Photochemical smog contains secondary pollutants such as PANs and low-altitude ozone and acts as a respiratory irritant. Which of the following is the primary causative agent for photochemical smog?

Seasonal breakdown of this region leads to nutrient upwelling in lakes. What region of a lake is characterized by a rapid change in temperature over a short distance?

Substances are separated using mobile and stationary phases in this technique. What process is used to separate physical mixtures based upon migration through a medium?

Lewis bases may be agents that cause this type of reaction. What type of reaction occurs when a pair of electrons are accepted by a molecule?

The permanganate of this element serves as Baeyer’s reagent and is used to detect unsaturated hydrocarbons. What is the main element in potash?

Match the property with its periodic trend:

When an electron and positron collide, the pair are annihilated and energy is released, usually in the form of photons. This presents an example of what theory explained as E = mc^2 by Albert Einstein?

A container contains 2 L of an ideal gas at 0.5 atm and a temperature of 10°C. What will be the volume of this gas when at Standard Temperature and Pressure?

This law explains why divers can get decompression sickness. What law states that the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure?

Buffers are solutions that resist changing pH. Which of the following can react to form a buffer?

Not all salts taste salty. Some salts are insoluble, and thus cannot be tasted. Others, may taste bitter or even sweet. Which of the following salts is used as a salt substitute on foods and does taste salty?

Due to this phenomenon, atoms with more electrons tend to be larger in size. What phenomenon occurs when inner shell electrons lower the effective nuclear charge on valence electrons?

The Dirac equation predicted these leptons as a “hole in a sea of electrons.” What are these positively-charged anti-electrons?

Match the functional group with its constituents:

Lipids are one of the four major classes of biomolecules. Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

Some compounds are used to create alcohols. Which of these is a nucleophile that contains magnesium and is used to create alcohols?

The time derivative of this quantity with respect to time is torque. What is the moment of inertia times angular velocity?

A 2 kg object is tossed downward from the top of a building at an initial velocity of 20 m/s. If the object is traveling at 40 m/s when it strikes the ground, how tall in meters, was the building? [Assume 10 m/s^2 for the acceleration due to gravity.]

This quantity has a negative value for any spontaneous reaction. What is the amount of useable work available in a system?

A 2 kg mass is dropped from an unknown height. If the mass is traveling at 20 m/s at the moment before impact, what was the height from which it was dropped? [Let acceleration due to gravity be 10 m/s 2 ]

In a standing wave, these points are the maximum displacement of the wave form. What area is designated with the arrow on the diagram to the right?

A 1 kg mass is exhibiting simple harmonic motion with a frequency of 5 Hz and a maximum displacement of 1 meter. What is the total path length of the mass as it travels through one full cycle?

The yield point for a material is the point at which this law no longer is accurate. What law suggests that the restoring force on a spring is proportional to the displacement?

Match the quantity with its unit:

A simple circuit with a battery runs a 5 ampere current through a 2 ohm resistor. What is the voltage of this system?

Match the elementary particle with its spin value:

A classic thought experiment involves two siblings of the same age who age differently when one remains on a stationary body and the other moves near the speed of light. This idea is the Twin Paradox. The Twin Paradox is derived from which major theory?

The Schwarzschild radius is inversely proportional to the square of this value. What is the approximate speed of light in a vacuum in m/s?

Originally called the Next Generation Space Telescope, this device will orbit at the second Lagrange point beyond the orbit of the Moon. What space telescope is scheduled to replace the Hubble as the premier astronomical telescope in space?

This continent found in the northern regions of Venus is almost the size of the continental United States. What is this large highland region that is an elevated plateau region on the planet?

Large fields of these geologic features are called a “basket of eggs.” What teardrop-shaped hills are formed from the action of glaciers?

The most valuable form of this mineral is a golden yellow-orange color, whereas the most common variety is blue. This gemstone mineral can be distinguished from quartz by its ability to scratch all forms of quartz. What is this hardest silicate mineral with a Mohs hardness of 8?

This man’s work was modified by Johannes Kepler who corrected planetary motion to be elliptical. Who wrote On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres?

This man noted that when he left a piece of radium in his vest pocket, he developed burns on his skin. Who noted that the decay of uranium left a visible image on photographic plates and thereby discovered radioactivity in 1896?

The official name of this kernel is sometimes prefaced with the acronym GNU. What is this open-source Unix-like operating system?

This enzyme requires the presence of a magnesium ion at its active site before it can catalyze the transition of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate into 3-phosphoglycerate. What is probably the most abundant enzyme on Earth?

Both hagfish and lampreys were once classified into Class Agnatha, but the taxon has since been split due to physiological differences in the skeletons of its members. To what taxonomic class do hagfish now belong?

These protein fibers disassemble during prophase of mitosis. What intermediate protein filaments line the inner surface of the nucleus?

This protist was originally discovered in the waters of Chesapeake Bay but has since been found along coastal waters of the Eastern US and other global waters. Thought to be responsible for the major fish kills along the Bay, this dinoflagellate was found to have a complex life cycle, of which only a few forms are toxic. What dinoflagellate has recently been associated with a namesake “hysteria” in which it may be erroneously associated with severe human health impacts?

This substance can be formed by reacting a dicarboxylic acid with a diamine, forming amide bonds between the individual units. Its first widespread commercial use was as toothbrush bristles. What is this synthetic substance invented by Wallace Carothers?

This value is used to measure acidity of a solution and it can be visually estimated at the half-equivalence point on a titration curve. What is the negative log of the dissociation constant?

This law can be derived from Bernoulli’s principle. What law states that the velocity of an ideal liquid flowing out of an opening in a tank is equal to the square root of quantity 2 times the acceleration due to gravity times the height of the fluid above the opening?

A simple electrical circuit runs a current of 2 amperes and has a single resistor of 5 ohms. What is the power across this circuit in watts?

Match the type of supernova with its spectral characterization:

This geologic feature occurs when a block of crust is displaced downward between two parallel faults. What is this valley formed by parallel faults as shown by the “X” to the right?