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Practice Assessment for EOC SSUSH1-SSUSH15

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 4hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is mercantilism?

a)

A system where a mother countries gains money and power from natural resources that come from its colonies.

b)

where colonies trade gold and silver with each other.

c)

Wars that start over money.

d)

Plantation colonies trading slaves for money.

2.

True or False:

New England was settled by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe

a)

True

b)

False

3.

The Virginia House of Burgesses, now known as the General Assembly of Virginia was:

a)

the first government building in the nation

b)

the last capital of the confederacy

c)

the first elected assembly in the New World

4.

The Virginia House of Burgesses, now known as the General Assembly of Virginia was:

a)

the first government building in the nation

b)

the last capital of the confederacy

c)

the first elected assembly in the New World

5.

What were the two main jobs in the New England region?

a)

Farming and hunting

b)

Trading and clothes making

c)

rug weaving and basket weaving

d)

Fishing and Ship Building

6.

The Middle Colonies were  ethnically and religiously diverse

a)

True

b)

False

7.

The religion that was founded by William Penn was knows as __________.

a)

Protestant

b)

Baptist

c)

Catholic

d)

Quaker

8.

What colony did William Penn help found?

a)

New Jersey

b)

New York

c)

Delaware

d)

Pennsylvania

9.

Relaxed enforcement on trade laws imposed on colonies

a)

Burgesses

b)

Joint Stock Company

c)

Charter

d)

Salutary Neglect

10.

What was salutary neglect?

a)

Britain was strictly controlling the colonies

b)

Britain left the colonies to govern themselves

c)

Britain sent an army to the colonies

d)

Britain sold the colonies to France

11.

The trade pattern between the colonies, Africa, and Europe was called what?

a)

Middle Passage

b)

Navigation Acts

c)

Triangular Trade

d)

Columbian Exchange

12.

Ministers of The Great Awakening preached ___________

a)

God was kind and forgiving

b)

people were not equal

c)

colonists should not be independent

d)

colonists could save themselves

13.

How did the Great Awakening change America?

a)

It brought people from all over the colonies together for the first time

b)

It led to people denying God and leading secular lives

c)

It spread abolitionism throughout the land and led to the end of slavery

d)

It brought French rule to America

14.

The Great Awakening was a __________ movement.

a)

political

b)

scientific

c)

religious

d)

artistic

15.

When slaves were loaded onto boats to be taken and sold, this part of the triangular trade route was called what?

a)

the American Passage

b)

the Middle Passage

c)

the Lower Passage

d)

the African Passage

16.

How were the conditions of the slave boats during the Middle Passage?

a)

The lodgings were clean and sanitary for the slaves

b)

The slaves were well fed and clothed

c)

The conditions were dirty and unsanitary for the slaves

d)

All of the above

17.

In 1619, only __________ were considered citizens and could elect burgesses. 

a)

men and women

b)

adult white men

c)

male slaves

d)

First Americans

18.

Which statement describes the Gullah language?

a)

It was the language spoken by the slaves when they lived in Africa.

b)

It was the language spoken by Native American tribes in SC.

c)

It was a mixture of many different languages brought to America by African slaves.

d)

It was a combination of English and Spanish and was spoken by plantation owners.

19.

The 1763 Treaty of Paris concluded a conflict between which two colonial powers?

a)

England and Spain

b)

France and England

c)

Spain and Portugal

d)

Portugal and France

20.

What was one cause of the French and Indian War?

a)

British attacks on French merchant ships

b)

British expansion into the Ohio River Valley

c)

American Indian attacks on French colonies

d)

a French naval blockade of the port of Savannah

21.

The end of the French and Indian War contributed to the beginning of the American Revolution in several ways. Which of the following was NOT one of those ways?

a)

Colonial soldiers resented being treated differently from and paid less than British soldiers.

b)

The end of the French threat in North America caused the colonies to rely less on Britain.

c)

Fighting against a common enemy gave the colonists a sense of unity and a distinct identity.

d)


The fur trade between the French and the colonies ended and caused economic hardships.

22.

What event accounts for the decrease in French territory illustrated by these maps?

a)

the American Revolution

b)

the French and Indian War

c)

the French Revolution

d)

the Napoleonic Wars

23.

What was a result of the French and Indian War that eventually led to the American Revolution?

a)

Britain placed its colonies under strict control and began taxing them to help pay for the war.

b)

Colonists were not offered aid during the war but were still expected to serve British interests.

c)

The loss of colonial territory to the French made colonists lose faith in the British government.

d)

Britain expected colonists to fight the war at their own expense and offered no reimbursement.

24.

After the French and Indian War, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763 and the Stamp Act. These two measures were similar in that each contributed to which of the following?

a)

political stability and economic growth in the colonies

b)

increased reliance on slave labor in the British colonies

c)

discontent in the colonies and growing support for revolution

d)

improved relations between colonists and native populations

25.

Why did many colonists object to the Proclamation of 1763?

a)


It overturned many laws passed by colonial governments and severely limited their power.

b)

It outlawed settlement in the western regions of many colonies, which limited their ability to expand.

c)

It required colonists to provide housing and food for British soldiers stationed in the colonies.

d)


It imposed taxes on everyday items such as tea and paper, which hurt the colonial economy.

26.

The Daughters of Liberty were focused on

a)

helping colonists boycott British goods.

b)

defending the colonies from the French.

c)

improving relations with American Indians.

d)

making weapons in preparation for revolution.

27.

Which of the following BEST explains who the Daughters of Liberty were and the role they played in the American Revolution?

a)

They were wives of American soldiers who followed their husbands onto the battlefield.

b)

They were women who remained loyal to the British throughout the American Revolution.

c)

They were women who boycotted British goods, instead producing the goods they needed at home.

d)

They were wives of American soldiers who took on the jobs of their husbands while they were serving in the Colonial Army.

28.

Which of the following would make the BEST title for the outline above?

a)

Colonial Reactions to British Policies

b)

British Response to Colonial Resistance

c)

American Response to the French Revolution

d)

State-by-State Reactions to the Proposed Constitution

29.

Why did American colonists resent British taxes?

a)

American colonists were unhappy that the high taxes were keeping the nobility in luxury.

b)

Unlike American colonists, people who lived in Great Britain did not have to pay any duties .

c)

Americans did not elect representatives to Parliament as people who lived in Great Britain did.

d)

Great Britain did not offer the American colonists any protection from the French and the Indians.

30.

Which of the following statements about the Intolerable Acts is correct?

a)

They were acts passed by British Parliament forcing colonists to give the government a portion of their salary.

b)

They were what the colonists called the laws passed by the House of Burgesses forcing them to pay a tax on most paper products.

c)

They were what the colonists called the strict laws passed by British Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party.

d)

D

They were the first acts passed by the House of Burgesses that forced the colonists to enlist in military service.

31.

Why was Thomas Paine's Common Sense so influential in the colonies?

a)

He presented his arguments in language most colonists could understand.

b)

He was a well respected military leader with extensive political experience.

c)

He was a member of the British aristocracy who chose to live in the colonies.

d)

He resigned his seat in the House of Lords to protest British colonial policies.

32.

What was the goal of Thomas Paine's Common Sense?

a)

to convince colonists to remain loyal to Great Britain

b)

to persuade colonists to approve the US Constitution

c)

to convince the poor that a market economy would benefit them

d)

to persuade colonists to support revolution against Great Britain

33.

Authored the Declaration of Independence 

a)

Thomas Anderson 

b)

Thomas Paine 

c)

Thomas Jefferson 

d)

Benjamin Franklin 

34.

Ideas on Natural Rights were used in the Declaration of Independence 

a)

Thomas Jefferson 

b)

John Locke 

c)

Montesquieu 

d)

Thomas Hobbes

35.

Ideas on Government were used in the Declaration of Independence 

a)

Montesquieu 

b)

John Locke 

c)

Thomas Paine 

d)

Thomas Hobbes

36.

How many parts does the Declaration of Independence have 

a)

6

b)

7

c)

5

d)

4

37.

The continental Army faced a harsh, deadly winter while stationed at 

a)

Death Valley 

b)

Valley Forge 

c)

Trenton 

d)

Yorktown 

38.

Marquise de Lafeyette and Baron von Streubon served the United States (as French officers) in what capacity 

a)

Offered advice 

b)

Trained American soldiers 

c)

Brought food and drinks 

d)

Brought medicine 

39.

The battle of Trenton was a surprise attack on Hessians on which holiday 

a)

Christmas 

b)

Thanksgiving 

c)

Labor Day 

d)

Hanukkah 

40.

Who was the British general that led 7500 troops into the tiny town of Yorktown

a)

Cornwallis 

b)

Washington 

c)

Franklin 

d)

Lafeyette 

41.

Which battle is seen as the turning point of the American Revolution 

a)

Yorktown 

b)

Trenton 

c)

Saratoga 

d)

Lexington 

42.

Without the help of _________________, the Americans would have lost the war 

a)

British 

b)

Spanish 

c)

French 

d)

Italians 

43.

The Diplomacy of these two Americans helped persuade the French to become our allies 

a)

Benjamin Franklin and John Adams 

b)

George Washington and John Locke 

c)

Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hobbes 

d)

John Locke and Thomas Paine 

44.

Which strong feature of the Articles of Confederation created a method for territories to become states?


SSUSH5a

a)

The ability to sign peace treaties

b)

Shays' Rebellion

c)

Northwest Ordinance

d)

60,000 Ordinance

45.

In the Articles of Confederation, where was most of the government power placed?


SSUSH5b

a)

The States

b)

The National Government

c)

The Continental Congress

d)

The Legislative Branch

46.

The Articles of Confederation was successful in managing new lands with laws such as (there are multiple correct answers)


SSUSH5a

a)

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

b)

Land Ordinance of 1785

c)

Proclamation Line of 1763

d)

Western lands Ordinance

47.

What was the significance of the Land Ordinance of 1785?

a)

It set up a system where settlers could

purchase farmland in the undeveloped

Northwest

b)

It set up a system where settlers could

purchase farmland in the undeveloped

South

c)

It set up a system where settlers could

purchase farmland in the undeveloped

West

d)

It set up a system where settlers could

purchase farmland in the undeveloped

West

48.

Which statement best describes governmental power under the Articles of Confederation?

a)

The power of the states greatly exceeded

the power of the central government

b)

Power was shared equally by the central

government and the states

c)

A strong chief executive headed a unified

central government

d)

A balance of power existed among the

three branches of the central government

49.

The governing body of a nation, state, or community.

a)

Government

b)

President

c)

Executive

d)

Legislative

50.

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade).

a)

U.S. Constitution

b)

Bill of Rights

c)

Articles of Confederation

d)

Declaration of Independence

51.

Which is a weakness of the Articles of Confederation?


SSUSH5b

a)

Congress couldn't collect taxes

b)

Weak central government

c)

Provided for no common currency

d)

All of the these

52.

The uprising of Massachusetts farmers who did not want to lose their farms to pay for heavy state taxes after the American Revolution was known as


SSUSH5b

a)

Shays Rebellion

b)

The Boston Tea Party

c)

The Civil Rights Movement

d)

The Constitutional Convention

53.

Ultimately, the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation lead to the adoption of:


SSUSH5c

a)

The Treaty of Paris

b)

The Affordable Care Act

c)

The U.S. Constitution

d)

The Declaration of Independence

54.

Which factor caused people to reexamine the Article of Confederation after Shays´ Rebellion?

a)

The Articles prohibited approval of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

b)

The Articles restrained decision making during the American Revolution.

c)

The Articles caused most people to distrust a strong central government.

d)

The Articles limited the ability of the central government to respond to that crisis.

55.

Which three rights are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights?


SSUSH5e

a)

freedom of speech, right to work, right to petition the government.

b)

right to bear arms, right to a speedy trial, right to an education

c)

freedom of speech, right to bear arms, right to a speedy trial

d)

right to vote, right to work, right to a speedy trial

56.

The Three-Fifths Compromise help settle the debate over whether to count slaves in the population or not.


SSUSH5c

a)

True

b)

False

57.

The Virginia Plan proposed

a)

a bicameral legislature; representation based on population

b)

a unicameral legislature; equal representation

c)

a bicameral legislature; equal representation

d)

a unicameral legislature; representation based on population

58.

How was the divisive and controversial issue of slavery settled at the Constitutional Convention?

a)

Great Compromise

b)

Bill of Rights

c)

3/5 Compromise

d)

13th Amendment

59.

Which statement best reflects the views of an Anti-Federalist?


SSUSH5d

a)

“I demand a new constitution”

b)

“I support ratification”

c)

“I fear a strong government”

d)

a. “I oppose a bill of rights”

60.

Anti-federalists wanted a Bill of Rights added to the constitution to help protect...


SSUSH5d and SSUSH5e

a)

Individual Rights

b)

State Rights

c)

Slavery

d)

The Articles of Confederation

61.

The Federalists papers were written to persuade people to support the new constitution.


SSUSH5d

a)

True

b)

False

62.

Patrick Henry opposed the Constitution because...?


SSUSH5d

a)

The states would give too much power to the Federal government

b)

The Federal government would give too much power to the states

c)

He was the main author of the Articles of Confederation

d)

He wanted the U.S. to be part of England again

63.

A major principle of US foreign policy know as _______ first espoused in the famous farewell address by George Washington

a)

Emancipation

b)

Belligerence

c)

Interposition

d)

Neutrality

64.

The Louisiana Purchase of 1803

a)

was a major cause of the Spanish-American War

b)

resulted in increase conflict between the US and France

c)

resulted in the removal of all British military forces from North America

d)

Almost doubled the area of the US and gave it control of the Mississippi River

65.

Which of these was a precedent set by the first President of the United States, George Washington

a)

the popular election of the President

b)

the tradition of only serving two terms

c)

naming the nine Justices to the Supreme Court

d)

addressing the Chief Executive as a "Your Highness"

66.

The cartoon refers to the Monroe Doctrine issued in 1823. The Monroe Doctrine was intended to prevent European expansion in

a)

China

b)

North Africa

c)

South America

d)

Southeast Asia

67.

During George Washington's presidency, which was the major reason for conflict between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton?

a)

Washington's decision not to get involved in the revolution in France

b)

the distribution of power between the judicial branch and the legislative branch

c)

Hamilton's objection to Jefferson's strict interpretation of the Constitution

d)

the US government's decision to remain neutral in the war between France and Britain

68.

The War of 1812 resulted in

a)

Great Britain gaining control of Canada

b)

the United States gaining control of Spain

c)

the United States maintaining its previous strength

d)

Great Britain agreeing to end the practice of impressment

69.

The main idea behind the settling of western lands by Americans in the early-1800s was known as

a)

Women Suffrage

b)

Manifest Destiny

c)

the Industrial Age

d)

the Abolition Movement

70.

"It is emphatically the duty if the Judicial Department to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases must, of necessity expound and interpret the rule. If two laws conflict with each other, the Court must decide on the operation if each

-John Marshall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

a)

making laws

b)

judicial review

c)

veto any laws of Congress

d)

issuing writs of mandamus in all cases

71.

The Election of 1800 was significant because it

a)

played a major role in America's acquisition of the Louisiana Territory

b)

was the first peaceful transition of political power between opposing parties in US history

c)

gave the Federalist control of the executive and legislative branches

d)

marked the beginning of the era known as "Jacksonian Democracy"

72.

Why was Monroe's presidency known as the "Era of Good Feelings"?

a)

Slavery had begun to decrease which led to more national unity

b)

There was more national unity due to the end of the War of 1812

c)

The Federalist party came to a compromise with the Democratic-Republican party

d)

The Homestead Act was passed which led to widespread expansion and land ownership

73.

When studying the Constitution and early United States History, the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 can be viewed as a violation of which of these

a)

Checks and Balances

b)

Popular Sovereignty

c)

Fifth Amendment

d)

First Amendment

74.

Which aspect of governance is at the heart of the Monroe Doctrine ?

a)

Federalism

b)

Foreign Policy

c)

Domestic Policy

d)

Monetary Policy

75.

THe Nullification Crisis concerned...

a)

Whether the President had the power to assasinate people

b)

Whether States could cancel out federal laws they didnt like

c)

Alliances with foreign powers

d)

Slavery

76.

Which if these were not a part of Henry Clay's "American System"

a)

Ending slavery

b)

Government investment in infrastructure

c)

National bank and national currency

d)

Tariffs to protect American products

77.

Nat Turner led a...

a)

Movement for public schools

b)

Political party

c)

Slave rebellion that killed 60 people

d)

Movement to allow Native Americans to vote

78.

How did Andrew Jackson appoint members to his administration?

a)

Spoils system

b)

professional knowledge of its members

c)

members of the federalist party and the whigs

d)

those who supported slavery only

79.

The major social reform movement for the 1840's and 1850's was known as .......

a)

1st Great Awakening

b)

2nd Great Awakening

c)

War of 1812

d)

Manifest Destiny

80.

Horace Mann is associated with which reform movement?

a)

Education reform

b)

Prison reform

c)

Immigration reform

d)

Abolition

81.

During the age of Jackson the term "Jacksonian Democracy" emphasized

a)

decreasing the power of the executive branch

b)

preserving tribal land

c)

increasing voting rights in the United States

d)

states rights

82.

The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 drew national attention to

a)

Women's rights

b)

Abolition

c)

prohibition

d)

Immigration

83.

Which of these was the largest and most constant issue facing the United States during the era of "Manifest Destiny?"

a)

whether labor unions would be allowed to form

b)

whether states would allow women the right to vote

c)

whether Indians would be relocated to North Carolina

d)

whether slavery would spread across the United States

84.

Sectionalism can be defined as

a)

Differences that arise between different regions of a country economically, culturally, or politically, for example

b)

Migration patterns that occur as people leave one part of a country for another part

c)

One part of a country choosing to break ties with the rest of the nation in order to be independent

d)

A regions decision to be economically self-sufficient

85.

According to the idea of popular sovereignty, which of the following would decide whether slavery would be allowed in a territory?

a)

the Senate

b)

the President

c)

the residents of the territory

d)

the House of Representative

86.

"54-40 or fight!" was a campaign slogan of James K Polk and meant that

a)

The US would go to war with Mexico for California if necessary.

b)

The US would go to war with Britain over Oregon if necessary.

c)

The US would go to war with Russia over Alaska if necessary.

d)

The US would take Hawaii by force.

87.

What was a result of passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

a)

several years of peace on the issue of slavery

b)

the end of the political career of Stephen Douglas

c)

popular sovereignty for Kansas and Nebraska

d)

a reaffirmation of the Missouri Compromise

88.

When the admission of new states threatened the balance of free and slave states in the Union, which Kentucky Senator drew up the "Missouri Compromise" in 1820?

a)

Henry Clay

b)

Andrew Jackson

c)

John C. Calhoun

d)

William H. Harrison

89.

Which statement is TRUE regarding the consequences of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

a)

It ended the Mexican War of Independence.

b)

It created a transcontinental railroad through Texas.

c)

It established US control over New Mexico, Nevada, and California. (Mexican Cession)

d)

It solidified Mexican authority over Texas and the surrounding region.

90.

What was the main issue involving John Brown's 1859 raid in Harper's Ferry, Virginia?

a)

Suffrage

b)

Slavery

c)

Money

d)

Secession

91.

Abolitionists often opposed annexation of western territories because they

a)

feared the addition of antislavery states.

b)

thought the land was too far away.

c)

feared the extension of slavery

d)

wanted to protect the Indians.

92.

Which BEST describes a result of the Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case?

a)

A slave had the right to sue for freedom in a federal court.

b)

A slave was only a citizen after he or she purchased freedom.

c)

A slave was not a citizen but rather the property of an owner.

d)

A slave who lived on free soil for any length of time was free.

93.

What did the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and "Bleeding Kansas" have in common?

a)

They were all vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln.

b)

They helped Abraham Lincoln win the Election of 1860.

c)

They all dealt with the expansion of slavery into the western territories.

d)

They were permanent solutions to the conflict between the North and South.

94.

Which BEST describes a result of the Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case?

a)

A slave had the right to sue for freedom in a federal court.

b)

A slave was only a citizen after he or she purchased freedom.

c)

A slave was not a citizen but rather the property of an owner.

d)

A slave who lived on free soil for any length of time was free.

95.

What was a major reason the North defeated the South in the Civil War?

a)

The North was more industrialized and had better use of railroads and telegraph

b)

The South actually won the war because of its ability to fight and superior infrastructure

c)

The North had better generals and soldiers but lacked technological advancements

d)

The South actually had more people for the war and technologically advanced weapons

96.

Which of the following was NOT an action taken by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War?

a)

He signed a law freeing slaves in the Confederate states.

b)

He authorized the suspension of habeas corpus during the conflict.

c)

He ordered that any escaped slaves captured in the North be conscripted into the Union Army.

d)

He instituted a draft to supply the Union with enough soldiers to win the war against Confederacy.

97.

Which statement BEST illustrates President Abraham Lincoln's hopes and expectations following the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation?

a)

Lincoln was hopeful that Southern states would renounce their loyalty to the Confederacy and believed that they would quickly rejoin the Union.

b)

Lincoln was hopeful that slaves in the South would be freed and believed that many freed slaves would attempt to escape captivity and flee to the North

c)

Lincoln was hopeful that Southern states would renounce their loyalty to the Confederacy and believed that many Southerners would rebel against Confederate leaders.

d)

Lincoln was hopeful that slaves in the South would be freed and believed that freed slaves in the North would join the Union Army

98.

After the Civil War, what was the purpose of the 13th ammendment?

a)

To make it illegal to leave or secede from the union ever again

b)

To make slavery illegal, except for forms of Criminal punishemen

c)

To allow Abraham Lincoln to serve a third and fourth term as president during reconstruction

d)

To promote Women's Suffrage, Temperance, Public schools, and Manifest Destiny

99.

Why was the Battle of Appomattox Court House an important event in the Civil War?

a)

General Lee’s surrender showed that the Southern states had lost the Civil War.

b)

General Lee’s defeat by General Meade ended the South’s invasion of Northern territory

c)

General Grant achieved control of the Mississippi River by capturing a major fortress.

d)

General Grant defeated the Southern army that was defending the Confederate capital.

100.

Which BEST explains why Vicksburg was important in the Civil War?

a)

It was located on the Mississippi River, a crucial supply route

b)

It was on the border between the North and the South.

c)

It was the site of the war's deadliest battle

d)

. It was burned to the ground by General Sherman.

101.

The agency with the GREATEST impact on helping former slaves adjust to their new lives after the Civil War was: (SSUSH10b)

a)

The State Department

b)

The Emancipation Proclamation

c)

The Bureau of Family and Human Services

d)

The Freedman’s Bureau

102.

Which of the following BEST explains the growing popularity of the Ku Klux Klan throughout the South in the 1860s and 1870s?

a)

The organization capitalized on Southerners' fear of the changes that occurred after the Civil Wa

b)

The organization established the first public high schools and universities in many Southern states.

c)

. The organization built many large factories and helped the South became a major manufacturing center.

d)

The organization was the dominant political party in the South and helped influence federal policy

103.

Which of the following statements about the Compromise of 1877 is NOT correct?

a)

It brought an end to the Reconstruction Era.

b)

It removed federal troops from the former Confederate states.

c)

It provided the legal basis for racial segregation.

d)

It introduced laws that helped the South rebuild economically.

104.

How was the disputed presidential election of 1876 resolved?

a)

through the Compromise of 1877, which awarded Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency with the agreement that Hayes would end military occupation of the South

b)

through the Compromise of 1877, which awarded Samuel Tilden the presidency with the agreement that Tilden would end military occupation of the South

c)

through the Compromise of 1877, which awarded Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency with the understanding that he would support the Democratic state governments in the South

d)

through the Compromise of 1877, which awarded Samuel Tilden the presidency with the understanding that he would support the Democratic state governments in the South

105.

How did the growth of the railroad industry lead to the growth of stock markets in the United States?

a)

A. The railroad industry led to the expansion of other industries such as steel and coal. These industries required large capital investments that could best be obtained through the stock market.

b)

B. The railroad industry led to the rapid growth of cities on the nation's coasts. These coastal cities developed independent stock markets to raise capital in order to expand their infrastructure.

c)

C. The railroad industry was decentralized and controlled by many small investors. These investors were not independently wealthy and needed to raise capital through the sale of stock in order to further expand.

d)

D. The railroad industry was decimated by the Civil War and was on the verge of collapse. The federal government organized stock markets in order to help railroads raise capital so that the nation could start to rebuild.

106.

What led to the rapid growth of the railroad industry in the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century?

a)

A. the development of the Bessemer steel-making process

b)

B. the discovery of coal deposits in West Virginia

c)

C. the development of the creosote wood-treatment process

d)

D. the discovery of oil in the American Southwest

107.

Which of the following BEST describes the contribution of railroads to the economic development of the United States?

a)

A. lowered costs of shipping in the United States

b)

B. allowed more immigrants to enter the country

c)

C. enabled trade to most parts of the country

d)

D. provided good investment opportunities

108.

Which of the following BEST describes what occurred during the Industrial Revolution that helped people migrating west open and operate successful businesses?

a)

A. the development of large cities in the region, which allowed businesses to pay workers very low wages because of the high level of competition for jobs at their factories

b)

B. the establishment of a trade agreement between the government and Mexico, which allowed Mexico to purchase products from these new businesses for low prices

c)

C. the establishment of peace treaties between the government and American Indian tribes, which prevented any conflict that could harm the new businesses

d)

D. the development of railroads and canals, which could be used to ship products to Northern and Southern states, and to ship important farm

109.

John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company achieved financial success by

a)

A. promoting a diverse working environment by hiring large numbers of African Americans and women.

b)

B. building factories outside of the United States to take advantage of less restrictive labor laws.

c)

C. controlling all aspects of production, from the acquisition of raw materials to the sale of finished products.

d)

D. attracting government investment by producing a good that was essential to the economy of the United States.

110.

Which Scottish immigrant became a billionaire during the Second Industrial Revolution by introducing the Bessemer process to massproduce steel and vertically integrating the steel industry?

a)

A. Andrew Carnegie

b)

B. Cornelius Vanderbilt

c)

C. Henry Clay Frick

d)

D. John Jacob Astor

111.

In the late nineteenth century, corporate mergers and the creation of holding trusts and companies led to which of the following?

a)

A. increasingly diversified markets

b)

B. the development of monopolies

c)

C. more small businesses

d)

D. less international trade

112.

Thomas Edison created a commercially viable incandescent light bulb in 1879. How did this invention change the American workplace?

a)

A. It forced workers to specialize in certain tasks.

b)

B. It reduced efficiency in the workplace.

c)

C. It allowed workers to work longer hours.

d)

D. It led to the end of child labor laws.

113.

Which is one difference between Angel Island and Ellis Island?

a)

A. Immigrants from Europe generally passed through Angel Island while immigrants from Asia generally passed through Ellis Island.

b)

B. Immigrants who had were unemployed passed through Ellis Island to gain entry to the United States, while immigrants who had secured jobs passed through Angel Island.

c)

C. Immigrants from Europe generally passed through Ellis Island while immigrants from Asia generally passed through Angel Island.

d)

D. Immigrants who had were unemployed passed through Angel Island to gain entry to the United States, while immigrants who had secured jobs passed through Ellis Island.

114.

As the United States became increasingly industrialized in the early twentieth century, immigration to the country increased. Which of the following BEST explains why workers living in large urban cities resented these new immigrants?

a)

A. The new immigrants lacked the skills necessary to work at the factories and instead resorted to crime in order to survive.

b)

B. The new immigrants often started small businesses and charged high prices for goods that the urban workers needed.

c)

C. The new immigrants tended to be much richer than those living in the cities and rarely needed to work to provide for their families.

d)

D. The new immigrants were willing to work for lower wages so they were often given jobs instead of the other urban workers.

115.

The purpose of the labor unions formed by workers in the United States in the late 1800s was to

a)

A. convince consumers to buy manufactured goods

b)

B. gain investors in order to start their own factories

c)

C. improve working conditions and obtain higher wages

d)

D. create more job opportunities for women and children

116.
Samuel Gompers was important to the growth of labor unions as the leader of the
a)
NAACP.
b)
Pullman Strike.
c)
Seneca Falls Conference.
d)
American Federation of Labor.
117.
This photograph by Jacob Riis (1889) reflects the conditions that would have been found in
a)
the West
b)
the rural South
c)
industrial areas
d)
Indian Reservation
118.
What was the main cause of the Pullman strike of 1894?
a)
President Cleveland’s use of armed force to break up strikes, which this strike protested
b)
The arrest of Eugene V. Debs for advocating labor unions and better working conditions
c)
Pullman’s policy of hiring cheap immigrant labor to construct their railroads
d)
Pullman’s reducing workers’ wages without reducing prices in the company town
119.
The trends represented in this chart could BEST be described by
-
Number of Immigrants to the United States
1901- 500,000 
1903- 800,000 
1905- 1,000,000 
1907- 1,200,000
a)
stiff immigration laws passed by Congress
b)
the increased industrial power of the US
c)
the decline in the power and popularity of the Democratic Party
d)
the cheaper production costs associated with the automobile industry
120.
Which statement provides the BEST evidence to support the conclusion that the federal government supported the interests of "Big Business" and industry over the interests of labor unions at the turn of the century?
a)
Through passage of the Sixteenth Amendment, the federal government instituted an income tax, which had been struck down by the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act.
b)
In 1887, Labor Day was established as an official holiday to commemorate the contributions made by workers to the economic strength and prosperity of the nation.
c)
With the passage of the McKinley Tariff Bill in 1890, the federal government increased tariffs on agricultural products and the increased cost of manufactured goods hurt farmers financially.
d)
During the Pullman Strike of 1894, rail service across America was suspended because of striking workers and boycotts; President Cleveland had to intervene with federal troops to end the strike.
121.
The ending of the Pullman Strike is significant because it
a)
demonstrated unions’ superiority and solidarity.
b)
demonstrated the US government's support of worker's rights.
c)
demonstrated the US government’s pro-business alliances.
d)
showed that the US government was unwilling to get involved in business matters.
122.
Which factor had the GREATEST positive effect on late nineteenth century American industrialization?
a)
high international tariffs
b)
passage of the 18th Amendment
c)
a large supply of cheap labor
d)
the explosion of factory production in the American South
123.
Which issue of the Gilded Age does this cartoon express?
a)
Owners of monopolies are powerless to help the people who they employ.
b)
The government is interfering with the right of businesses to make a profit.
c)
The rights of the workers are becoming overshadowed by the power of big business.
d)
Modern workplaces are increasingly likely to burst into flame due to negligence.
124.
Which statement BEST describes American policy towards Native Americans in the late 19th century?
a)
Native Americans generally settled where they wanted to.
b)
Most Native Americans fled to Canada for protection from U.S. forces.
c)
Most Native Americans were practically forced to relocate to reservations.
d)
Native Americans pleaded with the government to create reservations for them.
125.
"As railroads expanded westward across the United States in the late-1800s, Native Americans were increasingly unable to hunt across the formerly open landscape of the Great Plains."
-
In addition to the problems stated here, what other issue contributed to the problems faced by Native Americans on the Great Plains at the end of the 19th century?
a)
European diseases wiped out a substantial portion of the Sioux population.
b)
Timber land was harvested, robbing Native Americans of a valuable resource.
c)
Under the Dawes Act, Indian reservations lost all of their federal funding.
d)
Railroads brought an increase in population, leading to controversies over land usage.
126.
During the Progressive Era, Jane Addams responded to urban conditions by working to establish
a)
Settlement houses that provided assistance to the poor
b)
Newspapers that helped to inform Americans about slum conditions
c)
Laws that restricted certain immigrant groups
d)
Free public schools located in inner-city neighborhoods
127.
In Plessy v. Ferguson(1896), the Supreme Court ruled that:
a)
States may not secede from the Union 
b)
Racial segregation was constitutional
c)
Slaves are property and may not be taken from their owners
d)
All western territories should be open to slavery 
128.
The Progressive Era was a period from approximately 1900-1918 and was marked by a drive for reforms.  What two amendments listed below resulted from the reform era?
a)
16th –allowing a federal income tax and the 17th –providing for the direct election of Senators
b)
21st –repealing Prohibition and the 24th –eliminating poll taxes
c)
10th –limiting the power of government and 12th –modifying presidential elections
d)
21st –repealing the Prohibition and the 22nd –creating presidential limitations
129.
The initiative, the referendum, and the recall were adopted by several states during the Progressive Era as ways to:  
a)
Limit immigration
b)
Promote the formation of trusts
c)
Restrict the use of presidential vetoes
d)
Make government more democratic
130.
Common throughout the South, these laws required segregation:
a)
Jim Crow Laws
b)
Ex Post Facto Laws
c)
 Criminal Laws
d)
Literacy Test 
131.
During this time a major concern was the use of public lands and the environment. President Theodore Roosevelt set aside millions of acres of public lands to build Yosemite and Yellowstone National Parks.
a)
Progressive Era
b)
Conservation Movement
c)
Temperance Movement
d)
Environment Movement 
132.
The Progressive Era was PRIMARILY concerned with
a)
making government more responsible to the needs of the people.
b)
advocating the passage of laws that guaranteed corporate freedom.
c)
making the people more accountable to the needs of the government.
d)
preventing farmers from being restricted by federal laws and policies.
133.

The printing of sensational pictures and stories to rally support against Spain.

a)

yellow journalism

b)

social darwinism

c)

anti-imperialism

d)

annexation

134.

U.S. helped this country gain its independence in order to build a canal

a)

Panama

b)

Guatemala

c)

Colombia

d)

Mexico

135.
Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of what document?
a)
Guam Doctrine
b)
Monroe Doctrine
c)
Sugar Cane Document
d)
Platt Amendment
136.

Which foreign policy stated America now had the right to "intervene in Latin American nations whenever those nations seemed unstable"?

a)

Monroe Doctrine

b)

Roosevelt Corollary

c)

Dollar Diplomacy

d)

None of the above

137.

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine in 1904 in which the U.S. claimed the right to protect its economic interests by means of military intervention in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations

a)

Dollar Diplomacy

b)

Open Door Policy

c)

Roosevelt Corollary

d)

Moral Diplomacy

138.

An artificial waterway built to provide a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, opened in in 1914

a)

Roosevelt Corollary

b)

Panama Canal

c)

Yellow Journalism

d)

Open Door Policy

139.

The major objective of United States foreign policy toward Latin America during the period from 1900 to 1920 was

a)

improve the standard of living

of the people in Latin America

b)

support land reform throughout

the Western Hemisphere

c)

protect the human rights of

native peoples in Latin America

d)

serve as protector and police

officer in the Western Hemisphere

140.

At the onset of WWI the US practiced a policy of

a)

divide and conquer

b)

neutrality

c)

isolation

d)

colonialism

141.

What event prompted the US entry into WWI?

a)

The sinking of the US Maine

b)

The sinking of RMS Lusitania and loss of American lives

c)

The blitzkrieg of Britain

d)

the Treaty of Tordesille

142.

What war tactic was Germany using which threatened the safe passage of ships in the Atlantic ?

a)

barracades

b)

embargos

c)

unrestricted submarine warfare

d)

the use of hydrogen bombs

143.

Once at war, how did society change in the US?

a)

Factories converted to making war equipment and supplies.

b)

Workers were needed to fill the factories.

c)

There was a great movement of people to the North.

d)

all of the above

144.

Worried about attempts stop the US involvement in WWI by immigrants living in America, the US passed which law?

a)

The Espionage and Sedition Acts

b)

the Chinese Exclusion Act

c)

The Zimmerman Act

d)

The Fourteen Points

145.

What solution did Woodrow Wilson propose following WWI to unite the world?

a)

The United Nations

b)

NATO

c)

The League of Nations

d)

Tin Pan Alley

146.

What was Wilson’s 14th Point?

a)

Restrictions on Russia’s boundaries

b)

Unifying independent Poland

c)

Readdressing colonization

d)

creating a world peace keeping body

147.

While the US did not pass Wilson’s 14 Points, what organization was eventually created to keep world peace?

a)

NATO

b)

The Warsaw Pact

c)

The European Union

d)

The United Nations

148.

Langston Hughes wrote I, too. It is a poem about being forgotten as an African American. He was part of a cultural movement known as

a)

The Jazz Revival

b)

The rise of Broadway

c)

the Harlem Renaissance

d)

The golden Age of Movies

149.
During World War I, many African Americans went from the South to the North to take on factory jobs left vacant when men went to war. This movement was known as 
a)
The Great Migration
b)
Middle Passage
c)
The March on Washington
d)
The Great Labor Movement
150.
Socialist and union leader, Eugene Debs, was imprisoned for criticizing war policies in WWI due to: 
a)
The Alien and Sedition Acts
b)
The Emergency Quota Act
c)
The Espionage Act
d)
The Homeland Security Act